ENUM in Austria

ENUM in AustriaFrom high expectations to low usage figures. And then?

Kurt ReichingerAustrian Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Broadcasting

The opinions expressed in this presentation are the personal view of the author and do not prejudge decisions of the Austrian regulatory authorities.

27.01.2009 IIR Interconnection World Forum 2009 Page 2

One of my slides from 2001 …

ENUM: The Key to Convergence?

“Traditional" Public Switched

Telephone Network (PSTN)The Internet

Easy to use64 kBit/s Channels

Telephone numbers

Reliable

High Availability Simple and Safe

(No) Plug & Play

Domain Names

Multitude of Services

Best Effort

Viruses Spam

User Accounts

ENUM

SIP AORs


… and Usage Figures from 2008

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2000

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Q0405 Q0106 Q0206 Q0306 Q0406 Q0107 Q0207 Q0307 Q0407 Q0108 Q0208 Q0308

overall delegations

overall delegations


Agenda

What is ENUM? >>The Austrian ENUM StoryLessons LearnedWay Forward

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The Austrian ENUM Story1


Warming Forming Storming

Norming Performing Mourning

Phases of the Austrian ENUM Story


From Warming to Forming …August 2001

First public consultation conducted by RTR (i.e. the Austrian Regulatory Authority)February 2002

(User) ENUM Workshop organized by RTRGroup of interested partners formed Austrian ENUM Trial Platform

May 2002Delegation request by RTR to RIPE, ITU-TSB for 3.4.e164.arpa

June 20023.4.e164.arpa delegated to RTRENUM Tier 1 Registry in operation by NIC.AT (i.e. Austrian ccTLD Registry)

September 2002Austrian ENUM Trial Platform officially established


ENUM Tier 1 RegistryResponsibility for Numbering in Austria (+43)

RTR, i.e. the Regulatory AuthorityResponsibility for Austrian ENUM Domain (3.4.e164.arpa)

RTRResponsibility for ENUM Tier 1 Registry

General RTRAdmin Contact RTRTech + Zone Contact Outsourced to nic.at (later to found enum.at)

ENUM trial framework between RTR-GmbH and trial partnersPolicy framework for ENUM trial in Austria

Evaluating processes between registry and registrarsWorking on (re-)validation processes regarding the right to use number


From Storming to Norming …September 2002

ENUM Tier 2 Name Server in operation by Telekom AustriaNovember 2002

Policy Framework availableOfficial start of Austrian ENUM trialFirst Live Demo in Atlanta, GA (Fall VON)

December 2002 Ready to invite friendly ENUM subscribers and users

October 2003 1st part of trial completed, 2nd phase (business customers) started

December 2003 Large Scale ENUM and VoIP Pilot started at Vienna University (AT43)


The Legal Framework (I)New Austrian Telecommunication Law (TKG 2003)

In force since August 20th 2003Based on the New European Legal Framework

New Numbering Ordinance in AustriaIn force since May 12th 2004, Amendment of October 18th 2006Taking ENUM into account

+43 720 for national portable numbers and VoIP (semi-nomadic)+43 780 for VoIP and ENUM (nomadic)


Number Ranges made available for ENUM

Numbers for convergent services – (0)780 A Designated for the use with ENUM

Gateway to the PSTN required

Private networks - 05C numbers directly assigned to end-user

validation via assignment document

Mobile numbers – (0)6D Also pre-paid numbers are usable

Validation by premium rate SMS

Geographic numbers E Most common numbers

Validation by postal mail and PIN

Location independent fixed network numbers - (0)720 B Usable for VoIP

Also possible as „Personal Numbers“

[ + (0)800 toll free numbers ]

ENUM-driven Number Range (0)780Format: +43 780 abcdef (ghi)Prior delegation of ENUM domain required for assignment of numberRegistrar has to provide a Generic Gateway (for this number range)Cancellation of ENUM domain will (also) relinquish the numberNo validation problem as the domain delegation is necessary as the first step (domains delegated on a first come first served policy)Decoupling of number range allocation and gateway operatorAny gateway may route the whole number range, just needs to be able to query ENUM These gateways are called Generic Gateways (GG)Commercial delegation of domains starting May 2005


The Generic Gateway

Generic Gateway

Calling Party A

Called Party B

Registration

PSTN

ENUMTier 1

ENUMTier 2

Internet


And finally from Performing to Mourning …October 2003

Decision to start preparation for commercial deploymentMay 2004

New Numbering Ordinance defines ENUM-driven number range (780)August 2004

Contract signed with enum.at concerning a commercial phaseNovember 2004

End of ENUM trial / Commercial ENUM services made availableMay 2005

ENUM enabled number range 780 finally addedApril 2006

Addendum to ENUM Agreement allowing Infrastructure ENUM in AustriaSince then

Desperately seeking ENUM users …


The Legal Framework (II)Contract between RTR and Tier 1 Registry (enum.at)

Signed in August 2004 for a period until the end of 2007 (now ext. to 2009) Policy framework for ENUM in Austria for 3.4.e164.arpa domainBasic technical, operational and administrative requirementsValidation guidelines for Registrars

E.g. defining error values depending on the number of delegations with several procedures occurring when this values are exceeded

Addendum to the existing agreement between RTR and enum.atSigned in April 2006 allowing the commercial usage of Infrastructure ENUMAllowing communication service providers to enter numbers of their subscribers into a separate sub-domain and to add provider-relevant information (e.g. for routing or billing).

enum.at - The official Austrian ENUM Registry


http://www.enum.athttp://www.enum.at

IPcom - One of 13 Austrian ENUM Registrars


http://www.my-enum.at/http://www.my-enum.at/

ENUM Delegations in Austria by Q3/2008


Numbers in ENUM by 26.01.2009


http://crawler.enum.athttp://crawler.enum.at

Lessons learned2


User ENUMGeneral Principle

End-users should opt-in to ENUM with their existing phone numbers on the PSTN under the domain e164.arpa to provide other end-users with the capability to look up contact URIs on the Internet the above end-user wants to link to his number

WeaknessesMost VoIP providers do not provide end-users with SIP URIs to be reached on the Public Internet (i.e. without generating termination income)Only the calling party benefits from an ENUM Record of the called partyChicken and egg problem (with number of ENUM delegations and ENUM services) and the statistics of Metcalfe’s Law1

Country opt-in regulators involvement slowing process downEnd-user opt-in slowing process down further moreSkepticism from providers

1) the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of users of the system (n2)


User ENUM (cont’d)Weaknesses

National level:High tariffs to ENUM-driven number range (+43 780)

International levelENUM-driven number ranges not routed from abroad at all

“Unknown” number range not implemented“Suspect” number range not implemented

High tariffs to “unknown” number range

Infrastructure ENUMGeneral Principle

Providers should opt-in to ENUM with the telephone numbers of their subscribers under a defined domain (e.g. i.3.4.e164.arpa for Austria) to provide other providers with details of their networks‘ ingress points.

WeaknessesProvider Opt-InCountry Opt-In (again)Single Tree

What type of tree?Who is responsible?How to get all providers on that tree?

How to deal with private ENUM deployments?Chicken and egg problem (with number of ENUM delegations and ENUM services) and the statistics of Metcalfe’s Law (again)



Private ENUMGeneral Principle

Providers opt-in to ENUM with the telephone numbers of their subscribers under a defined domain (e.g. e164.info) to provide fellow providers with details of their subscribers SIP AoRs.

Also called Operator ENUM, Enterprise ENUM or Carrier ENUMCurrent service provider interconnect

Private ENUM in a walled garden scenarioSIP Exchange with restricted access on the InternetPublic tree not in e164.arpa

WeaknessesLimited reachNo global solutionHow to peer with other federations?

Way forward3


General Benefits of ENUM remainENUM is using the DNS

it’s there, it works, it’s global, it scales, it’s reliable, it’s open, anyone can use it…Saving CAPEX

Enables originating administrative domain to do an All Call Query (ACQ) to find destination network

Ultimate solution in Number PortabilityProvisioning is done only by the destination (recipient) administrative domain for the E.164 numbers this domain is hosting

Saving OPEXEnables all multimedia (MM) services for E.164 numbers for all sessions on IP end-to-end

Enables convergence (remember first slide: ENUM – Key to Convergence?)


Benefits once more …The major benefits of Infrastructure ENUM for (VoIP) carriers and (VoIP) service providers is to save costsMinimal CAPEX for setting up the required infrastructure to provide the routing dataMinimal OPEX for maintaining routing data

Announce the E.164 numbers you host (in ENUM)Announce the domains you host (in DNS)Make bilateral or multilateral peering agreementsQuery ENUM and DNS to find any other destination provider

A matter of time ...ENUM already successfully used

... in Private ENUM deploymentsXConnect, e164.info, SPIDER, …

ENUM still strongly in the focus of standardisationIETF: WG ENUM, WG SPEERMINT, WG P2PSIPETSI/3GPP: ENUM as a building block of the NGN control layer

Future mobile service frameworkGSMA: strongly promoting Private ENUM to be used in their IPX framework

Private domain e164enum.netNot connected to the public DNSDatabase possibly linking 2 billion mobile subscriber within the reach of GSMA


Finally from a regulatory point of view ...ENUM has been well supported in its infancy

ENUM has gained some attentionENUM is deployed in some placesENUM is ready to stand on its own feet

ENUM now needs more industry supportStandardisation BodiesOperators and Service ProvidersService Developers

Technological innovation will do its partMigration to IP-based NGNs will further promote the ENUM caseIndustry solutions will emerge


Thank you.!Kurt ReichingerAustrian Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Broadcasting

Backup - What is ENUM?3


What is ENUM?

Electronic NUmber Mapping: “ … the mapping of Telephone Numbers to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) using the Domain Name System(DNS) in the domain e164.arpa …”

ENUM is an IETF standard (RFC 3761) finalized in April 2004 that allows users and applications to use a telephone number to access a listing of Internet resources (URI) for that number, such as addresses for IP telephony, e-mail or Web sites

URIs are used to identify resources on the Internet (e.g. http://www.rtr.at )


TEL: +43 1 58058 306

FAX: +43 1 58058 9306

MOB: +43 664 1234567

E-Mail: [email protected]

Web: www.rtr.at

VoIP: [email protected]

GATEWAY

NUMBER TO URI

MAPPING

ENUM

What is ENUM?

http://www.rtmark.com/images/phone.jpg


ENUM is like an inquiry service

[email protected]@fwd.pulver.comwww.rtr.at+43 664 1234567Kurt Reichinger | RTR | Tech. Dept.

Who is +43 1 58058 306 ?

Can somebody help me ?


I have some information !

mailto:[email protected]




http://www.rtr.at/

http://www.rtr.at/

http://www.ixbt.com/comm/server/ism1/server.jpg















PSTN Internet+43 1 2083639

ENUM

+43 1 58058 306

[email protected]

[email protected]

+43 1 58058 306

+43 1 2083639

+43 1 2083639 +43 1 2083639

4 Call Scenarios




ENUM Domain Name

+43 1 58058 306

43158058306

60385085134

6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4

6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa

„Fully qualified E.164 telephone number“

„Fully qualified domain name“

As a result of an ENUM Lookup for this domain one gets back the IP-Address of the server where the data of the user of the corresponding telephone number are stored. Now this information can be retrieved


ENUM NAPTR RRs


ENUM Name Server

$ORIGIN 7.1.4.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa.

IN NAPTR 10 10 “u” “E2U+voice” “!ˆ^.*$!sip:[email protected]!”.IN NAPTR 10 10 “u” “E2U+email” “!ˆ^.*$!mailto:[email protected]!”.IN NAPTR 10 20 “u” “E2U+voice” “!ˆ^(.*$)$!tel:+436641234567!”.usw.

NAMING AUTHORITY POINTERRESOURCE RECORD

>> Agenda



http://www.rtr.at/


Technology

ENUM in Austria