ENTRY INTO

ENCLOSED SPACES:

AN OVERVIEW

Steve Clinch

Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents

GARMULA : Santos, 1974 :

3 Senior Officers lost their lives

VIKING ISLAY

September 2007

SAVA LAKE

JANUARY 2008

SAGA ROSEJune 2008

MAIB Safety Bulletin 2/2008

Issued in wake of Viking Islay, Sava Lake and Saga Rose Accidents

Identified that “Accidents in enclosed /confined spaces continues to be one of the most common causes of work related fatalities on board ships today due to– Complacency leading to lapses of procedure

– Lack of knowledge

– Potentially dangerous spaces not being identified

– Would-be rescuers acting on instinct and emotion rather than knowledge and training”

MAIB SAFETY BULLETIN 2/2008

RECOMMENDATIONS

Ship owners and managers, and industry

bodies and organisations are recommended to:

• Identify and implement measures aimed at

improving the identification of all dangerous

and potentially dangerous spaces and

increasing compliance with the safe working

practices required when working in such

compartments.

• Individually and collectively raise the

awareness of the continuing high incidence of

fatalities of seafarers working in enclosed

spaces.

MAIB SAFETY BULLETIN 2/2008

RECOMMENDATIONS

The Maritime and Coastguard Agency is

recommended to:

Co-sponsor with the Maritime Administration of

Vanuatu and other concerned administrations a

submission to the IMO aimed at raising the

awareness of the number of fatalities on ships

which have occurred in enclosed spaces, and

highlighting the need for measures to be identified

which will reduce this unnecessary loss of life, such

as the identification and marking of all potentially

dangerous spaces.

MAIIF PAPER TO IMO

Reported 101 Enclosed Space Accidents between March 1998 and May 2009

93 Fatalities

96 Injuries

Tip of the Ice Berg?

Since May 2009, further 14 accidents resulting in 14 deaths and 9 injuries on MAIB database alone….

MAIIF Statistics 1998 - 2009 : Type and Number of Vessels involved in enclosed entry accidents

0

5

10

15

20

25

gene

ral c

argo

Ro P

ax

Dre

dger

Fishing Vess

el

Tan

ker

Tug

/ A

ncho

r Han

dler

Chem

ical T

anke

r

Barge

Nava

l / nava

l supp

ort

Reefer

Bulk Carrier

Ro-R

o Fre

ight

Offs

hore

LPG C

arrie

r

Containe

r Ves

sel

Tim

ber ca

rrier

River Lau

nch

Cru

ise V

esse

l

Work B

oat

MAIIF Statistics 1998 - 2009: Location of Accidents

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Duc

t Kee

l

Dec

k Lo

cker

Eng

ine

Roo

m

Car

goOil Ta

nk

Sto

re

Car

go H

old

Acc

omod

ation

Ballast T

ank

Fish

Hold

Dou

ble

Botto

m (F

uel)

Void Spa

ce

Fore

Pea

k

Dec

k

Whe

elho

use

Sto

rage

Tan

k

Cha

in L

ocke

r

Funn

el

Free

zer

MAIIF Statistics 1998 - 2009: - Causes of Death or Injury

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Fumigan

t

"Sm

oke"

Vap

ouris

ed S

ealant

Hyd

roge

n Sulph

ide

"Fum

es"

Hyd

ro C

arbo

ns

Car

bon M

onox

ide

Oxy

gen

Dep

letio

n

Sod

ium

Met

bisu

lpha

te

Am

mon

ia

Iner

t Gas

Car

bon Dioxide

Refrig

eran

t

Form

alde

hyde

Hyd

roge

n Cya

nide

Sulph

uric A

cid

Hyd

roch

loric

Acid

Pho

sphine

Ozo

ne

CMA CGM VILLES DE

MARS

JANUARY 2009

STARLIGHT RAYS

AUGUST 2011

STARLIGHT RAYS

MAIB ISSUED A SAFETY BULLETIN TO FISHING INDUSTRY ABOUT DANGERS OF PETROL DRIVEN SALVAGE PUMPS

MCA RECOMMENDED TO (INTER ALIA)– PROVIDE FISHERMEN WiTH BETTER GUIDANCE

ON THE DANGERS OF ENCLOSED SPACES

– WITH SEAFISH ADJUST SYLLABI OF FIRE FIGHTING AND SAFETY AWARENESS COURSES TO HIGHLIGHT DANGERS OF ENCLOSED SPACES

SUNTIS

(May 2014)

German Flag Cargo

vessel discharging timber

cargo in Goole Docks

2 crew entered forward

main hold access

compartment – collapsed

Chief Officer sees door to

compartment open,

observes crewmen and

enters space – collapsed

SUNTIS

(May 2014)

Alarm raised by third

crewman

Crewman attempts rescue –

dons BA without proper

mouthpiece

2 stevedores also enter

space – 0ne wearing EEBD,

the other without – all 3

suffered severe breathing

difficulties but manage pass

lifting slings around fallen

crew before leaving space

Ambulance paramedics, F&R

and police arrive – O2 levels

in hold measured:

20.9% at access

hatch

10% below main

deck

5-6% at bottom of

ladder

THE

CONSEQUENCES

• 3 Crew,

including the

Chief Officer

died

• 3 others,

including 2

Stevedores

were very lucky

to survive

MAIB SAFETY

BULLETIN:

Issued to Marine

& Ports Industries

Provides

overview of

accident and key

safety lessons

THE MAIN LESSON

NEVER enter a confined space if

safer alternatives for carrying out the

work are available. If entry into an

enclosed space is avoidable, robust

procedures should be put in place

which should include emergency

arrangements. These are often

referred to as “Safe System of Work” or

“Permit to Work”

HOW DO WE PREVENT SUCH

ACCIDENTS ?

PROPER IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIALLY ENCLOSED SPACES?– RISK ASSESSMENTS!

INCREASED AWARENESS?– POSTER CAMPAIGNS (MAIIF, MCA, ICHCA)

– TRAINING VIDEOS (VIDEOTEL)

BETTER GUIDANCE?– (IMO RESOLUTION A.1050(27), MGN 423

BETTER TRAINING?– (MNTB, SEAFISH SYLLABI)

COMPULSORY DRILLS?– MANDATORY REQUIREMENT FROM 1st JANUARY 2015

PORTS ???????????

THE MARINE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BRANCH

www.maib.gov.uk