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KTU

MARITIME AND TRANSPORTATIONAND MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING

ENTRY INTO ENCLOSED SPACE167988 ABDURRAHMAN KORKMAZ


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INDEX

Entry into Enclosed Spaces

General

Oxygen Deficiency Gas Tests For Entry

Ventilation

Entry Procedures

Enclosed Space Entry Check List Cargo Pump rooms

Entry Into Non-Gas Free Spaces

Canister Respirators


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GENERAL

It is of the utmost importance that theprecautions applying to entry into enclosedspaces are understood by every member of thecrew.

Enclosed spaces include cargo tanks and holds;ballast tanks void spaces, peak tanks,cofferdams, duct keels, bunker tanks, freshwater tanks and any spaces that are normallykept closed. If in doubt, a compartment should

be regarded as enclosed spaces.


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OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

Lack of oxygen should always be suspected in tanksand other compartments that have been closed forsome time, particularly if they have been containedwater or have been subjected to dump or humidconditions.

Low levels of oxygen may also exist in cargo holdsof bulk carriers as a result of oxidation processes inthe cargo. Iron ore, particularly if damp, coal grainand tapioca have all been known to consume oxygen

in the atmosphere or to displace it by the evaluationof other gases.


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GAS TESTS FOR ENTRY

No entry will be permitted into any enclosed spaceunless the atmosphere inside has been tested andfound to contain sufficient oxygen and is free oftoxic gases where applicable.

The first test, in all ships, will be to ensure that theatmosphere throughout the space contains 21%oxygen by volume as determined by representativesamples with a properly calibrated oxygen meter.


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The second test, applicable to tankers, will be to

ensure that no hydrocarbon gases are present and zero

readings on a properly calibrated explosive meter must

be obtained throughout.

In product and chemical tankers further tests will be

required to ensure that the space to be entered is freeof toxic gases. These tests will be made with chemical

tube detectors or other instruments calibrated for

specific gases.


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VENTLATON

Ventilation must be carried out before entry ispermitted into any enclosed space.

If forced ventilation is used at least two-air changesmust take place before entry is allowed. Where only

natural ventilation is possible the space must beallowed to " breathe " for at least 24 hours.

In certain spaces, such as double bottom tanks, themost effective way of ensuring full ventilation may

be to fill the compartment with clean seawater andthen pump it out allowing fresh air to be drawn in.


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Regardless of the method employed no entry will be

allowed until tests have shown that a safe, breathable

atmosphere exists.

Pump rooms and duct keels in tankers, and bulk

carriers are provided with fixed ventilation systems,

which must be in operation for at least 15 minutesbefore any entry is permitted.


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ENTRY PROCEDURES

No one may enter an enclosed space without the

permission of the officer in charge who will first

ensure that the necessary tests have been

completed and that the requirements of theENCLOSED SPACES ENTRY CHECK LIST are

complied with in full.

Normally not more than one senior officer from

any department will enter an enclosed space at one

time.


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ENCLOSED SPACE ENTRY CHECK LST

The checklist will be completed by the officer in

charge of entry and approved by the master. A

separate check list will be completed for each entry

operation.An example of the ""Enclosed space entry check list

"" is shown at the end of this chapter.


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CARGO PUMP ROOMS

Entry into cargo pump rooms in tankers is a normaloperational requirement during cargo, ballasting or

tank cleaning .The following precautions will

however be observed:

Ventilation must have been operating at least 15

min. and remain in operation.

The officer on watch or another responsible

person must always be informed before a personenters a pump room and immediately on returning to

the deck.


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A check of the atmosphere at the lower levels

must be made with a properly calibrated explosive

meter

Pump room bilges must always be kept clean and dry.

A permanently rigged lifeline and rescue harness will

be maintained at the top of each pump room or ballastroom.


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ENTRY INTO NON-GAS FREE SPACES

Entry into a space that is not gas free or does notcontain 21 % oxygen will only be permitted if thereis no alternative and such cases will be regarded asan emergency.

The number of persons entering will be kept to aminimum but will normally be at least two, and eachwill wear either a compressed air breathingapparatus, or a compressed air breathing apparatuswith external air supply connected to the beltmanifold.


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Under these circumstances entry will be considered

an emergency and a rescue team fully equipped

with breathing apparatus and with rescue

equipment will be standing by.


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CANSTER RESPRATORS

This equipment affords no protection against shortage

of oxygen and provides limited protection against toxic

gases.


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THANK YOU

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