ITU: Session on ICT products – Gateways to Digital Transformation

Conformance and Interoperabili ty Challenges for developing countries

Joerg Koepp

Market Segment Manager IoT

Rohde & Schwarz

Ensuring reliable and secure communicationin a hyper-connected world

Rohde & Schwarz Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp2

Everything that will be benefit

from being connected

will be connectedEricsson, 2010

“

“

Rohde & Schwarz

IoT enabling applications in developing countries

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp3

Real-time data for

Immunization

GSM powered

water monitoring

Remote solar power

solution w/ IoT

Cattle tracking and

monitoring

requiring cost-efficient, reliable and secure wireless communication

Rohde & Schwarz

Challenges in wireless IoT design

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp4

Technology choices Design complexity Myth of certification

Rohde & Schwarz

Different requirements have led to a large variety of technologies

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp5

Latency

hours

milliseconds

Battery Life

years

“powered”

Reliability

2 nines

5 nines

Data Rate

bps

Mbps

Coverage

deep

normal

Mobility

stationed

250 km/h

Lights

Cams

Vehicle

Powergrid

Smoke d.

Trashcan

Bike

Meter

All product names, logos, and brands are property of their respective owners

Rohde & Schwarz

Selection of wireless technologies most relevant for IoT

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp6

FHSS OFDMA DSSS UNB CSS OFDMA OFDMA

100 Hz (ETSI)

600 Hz (FCC)2 MHz2 MHz

20 …

160 MHz

3.75,15 kHz

180 kHz

125, 250,

500 kHz

1.4 MHz (M1)

5 MHz (M2)

UL: DBPSK

DL: GFSKO-QPSKGFSK

BPSK

QPSK

BPSK

QPSK

Frequency

Chirps

QPSK

16QAM

Sub-GHz

ISM

2.4 GHz

ISM

2.4 GHz

ISM

1.. 6 GHz

ISM

< 6 GHz

3GPP

Sub-GHz

ISM

< 6 GHz

3GPP

F. deviation Spectrum Spectrum Spectrum F. deviation

Technique

Bandwidth

Modulation

Spectrum

Characteristics

Low Energy

Spectrum Spectrum

Rohde & Schwarz

Deep coverageLow power Quality & reliability

Embedded design challenges to meet specific IoT requirements

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp7

Rohde & Schwarz

Wireless communication - a wonder, but essentially just physics

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp8

Path loss (L)

dep. on frequency,

distance, material,

weather, …

Antenna

Gain (GRX)

Antenna

Gain (GTX)

Output

power (PTX)

Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL) = PTX + GTX – IM + GRX - PRX

Interference

Receiver

Sensitivity (PRX)

LFS = 20𝑙𝑔4𝑓𝑅

𝑐

2.4 GHz

900 MHz

Rohde & Schwarz

LoRa Alliance RF performance guidelineFCC 15.247 for Systems Employing Digital Modulation

Example LoRa Certification – Tx measurements

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp9

Power Spectral Densitylimit: + 8dBm / 3 kHz

Emission Output Powerlimit: ≤ +30 dBm

OOB emissionLimit: -30 dBc

6 dB bandwidthlimit: 500 kHz

𝑇𝑅𝑃 =1

4ර (𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃 , 𝑓 + (𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃 , 𝑓 𝑑

Rohde & Schwarz

OTA measurements, that help to ensure the desired performance and compliance with regulation

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp

Performance Coexistence Desense EMI Spurios Em.

Measurement of

radiated RF power

(TRP) and receiver

sensitivity (TIS/TRS)

Assessment of the

interference of one

wireless technology

on another

Self-interference test

by measuring error

rates with an active

potential interferer

Measurement of

radiated spurious

emissions (RSE)

in- & out-of-band

Detection of EMI

sources with a

receiver performing

a frequency sweep

OTA performance verification in R&D, Integration, Production and Service/Repair

10

Rohde & Schwarz

Heavy use of ISM bands by different technologies asks for regulation e.g. by ETSI and FCC

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp11

Density of networks No network controlDifferent technologies

Ensure coexistence of different services/technologies operating in the same frequency band

ETSI EN 300 328 V1.8.1/ V1.9.1 (2.4 GHz) and ETSI EN 301 893 V1.7.1/ V1.8.1 8 (5GHz)

FCC §15.247 (2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz) and FCC $15.407

Rohde & Schwarz

Real-time spectrum analysis to analyze interference issues

12

WiFi 802.11nChannel 11

Bluetooth LE39 Channels

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp

Rohde & Schwarz

Operator

certification

Industry

Standard

Conformance

Regulatory

Conformance

Certification

industry

IoT certification landscape

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp13

Rohde & Schwarz

Industrial Internet of Things creates a magic triangle

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp14

New

applications

Need for new

or adapted

certification

schemes

Rohde & Schwarz

The impacts of ‘unsecure’ IoT devices could be devastating

Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp15

Impacts on IoT devices and services

Impacts on IoT services und users

Disrupt IoT

services

Ransom

demand

Take over

control

Steal

information

…

Use of

hijacked

devices

Distributed

denial of

service

attacks

Distributed

cyber-

physical

attacks

…

Impacts on critical infrastructure

Need for security certification?

Rohde & SchwarzRohde & Schwarz

Together, we shape the future of security and communications to enable a safer and connected world

16 Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp