English (Step Ahead)

8/7/2019 English (Step Ahead)

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English (Step Ahead)

Lets have fun !


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Index

Unit 1 : Folktales and Legends Unit 2 : Diaries Unit 3 : Ballads : Stories in verse

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Folktales and legends

Unit 1


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Folktales

Folktales andlegends are both

narratives. A

narrative is a textthat tells a story

with a beginning, a

middle, and an end

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Narratives has these features :

An introduction that presents thecharacters and setting

A clear sequence of eventsA climax or high point in the narrative

A resolution or ending to the narrativeFrequent use of the past tense


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Folktales

A folktale is a narrativewith a simple moral or

lesson.

In fact, the word folktalecome from folk and tale,

which means peoples

stories.Folktales tell stories about

how people should behave

and treat one another.

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LegendsA legend is a narrative

usually based on fact, but

which has been made more

exciting and memorable

through numerous retellings.

Legends are often about the

history of a group of people,

and they tell us about the

actions of great leaders,

warriors and poets

Folktales and le ends are

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Proverb

Proverb are wise sayings that tell

simple truths

Proverb often use simple, everyday

images that ordinary people are

familiar with


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Proverbs meaning (II)Proverbs Meaning

Action speak louder than

words

What you do is more significant than what you say

Silence is golden Its desirable or perhaps more effective not to say

anything

All that glitters isnt gold Just because something looks attractive doesnt mean it is

genuine or valuable

Looks are everything Most of people around the world judge people by his / her

appearance

Slowly but surely wins the

race

If you work slowly but constantly, you will succeed better

than if you work fast for a short while and dont continue

To win, you have to take thebull by the horns

To success we have to know the weakness

Anything for a quiet life Before we do anything to be a peaceful life

Knowledge is power The more you know, the more you can control this world

There is no pleasure

without pain

For every pleasure you enjoy, you must suffer some pain


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Proverb meanings (III)Proverbs Meanings

Do as I say, not as I do Take my devise, even though I am acting contract on it

Lend your money and lose yourmoney and lose a friend

You shouldnt lend money to your friend ; if you do, eitheryou will have to bother your friend to repay the loan, your

friend will not repay the loan, which will make you resent

your friend

Its better to be born lucky than

rich

If youre born rich, you may lose your money, but if youre

born lucky, you will always get what you need or want just by

chanceBeauty is only skin deep Something that you say which mean character is more

important than appearance

The first step is the hardest Starting a new endeavour is the hardest part of it

Treat others as you like to be

treated

Dont treat others in way you wouldnt like to be treated

Its easier to ask for forgiveness

than permission

Others will follow your footsteps easier than your advice

Easy come, easy go To explain the less of something that required only a small

amount to effort to acquire in the first place

Sticks and stones may break my

bones but names will never hurt me

Physical attacks may harm me, but cruel words will not


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CommaComma is used to divide sentences into smaller part in order to clarify their

meanings. There are three main places in a sentence where a comma can be

inserted.

1. After introductory words and phrases

1. Around phrases that provide further information about a noun always

has commas arouund it

A phrase that provides more information about a noun always has commas around it

2. Around the direct address

The direct address always has commas before and after it

However nevertheless otherwise

Consequently for example of course

Moreover thus yet


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SimilesThe simile is an expression that compares

two things with each other by using thewords as or like

Example : Those children! They are like

monkeys!

Similes are commonly found in poems and

stories. They are used to make sentencesmore vivid, interesting and memorable


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Simple past tense

The past tense indicates that an action

was completed in the past

now

past future

Happened inPast and end in past


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MetaphorA metaphor is similar to a simile in that

it is also an expression that compares

two things with one another. However,

unlike a simile, a metaphore doesnt use

the world as or like

Like similes, metaphor are used to

make sentences more vivid, interestingand memorable


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Present Perfect Tense

We use presentperfect in :

1. For an action which

took place in thepast with no definite


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Diaries

Unit 2


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Diaries has these features

Dates to indicate when

each diary entry was made

Recount of personalfeelings and experiences

Use of the first person i.e.

I

Frequent use of the simple

past tense

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ApostropheThe apostrophe is used in contractions

to replace certain letters

q Example : I am going home -> Im going home

The apostrophe is also used insentences to show ownership

q For singular nouns, add the apostrophe s to

the end of the noun. Example : Aarons bookq For noun ending in s, add the apostrophe

after the s. Example : Charles book

q

For irregular plural noun (i.e. plural nouns that


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Register

Register refers to the range of wayswe have of speadking to an audience. If

we want to communicate our ideas

clearly to our audience, it is veryimportant that we learn to adapt the

way we speak and write to suit

different people

We use an informal register during

informal occasions, or when we are with


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Personal Pronouns

A pronoun is a word that is used inplace of a noun or noun phrase

The most common form of pronoun is

the personal pronoun. A personal

pronoun is a pronoun that takes the

place of a persons name


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Slang

Slang refers to informal words andexpressions that are only used and

understood by a certain group of

people

Slang belongs to the informal register

of speech. Its frequently used amongfamily and friends, and we often dont

think about how much slang we use in

our daily lives


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Reflexive pronoun

A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that

refers back to the subject of a

sentence

We also use reflexive pronoun when we

want to emphasise who committed theaction in a sentence

Pronoun that refers to only one person

(i.e. singular) ends with -self. A


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Ballads : Stories in verse

Unit 3


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Features of Ballad

A simple narrative

A few major characters

A strong rhythm and rhyme

A repeated section called a refrain

Division into verses

Nouns to identify characters and

settings


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Titles

The titles of poems, short stories and

songs are usually written in invented

commas () or italics. Example : Knightor Ginger Cat

The titles of books and movies areusually written in a different style,

such as bold or underlined. Example :

Gnomeo and Juliet or Monster Inc.


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Rules to punctuating the titles

of poems, books, and movies

1. The first letter of the first word in

a title is always a capital letter

2. Other words in the title always begin

with a capital letter, unless they are

less significant words such as

prepositions or articles


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Words that Rhyme

A word that rhymes with another word

shares the same ending-sound.

Rhymes are what make poems so much

fun to read


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Adjectives

Adjectives is a word that tells us more

about a noun (such as a person or

thing).

Adjective are important because they

tell us more about look, colour, smell,or feel of a thing.

If there were no adjectives in a

sentence, it would not be very


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Alliteration

Alliteration occurs when a group of

words have the same consonant sound

Alliteration is often found in nursery

rhymes and tongue-twisters

Examples :She sells seashells by the seashore

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled


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Documents

English (Step Ahead)