England DividedParliament and the Monarchy Fight for Power

1485-1688

Objective

SWBAT understand how the English Civil War and the development of the commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution

DO NOW: Tuesday 11/27/12

On the back of your notes, list the PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France.

English Bill of Rights

Absolute Monarch

Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED

by Cromwell

Popular Ruler dies 1685

Abdicates in 1688

Constitutional

Government!

Map of The United Kingdom

The Tudors Rule England

1485-1603

Tudor monarchs

Henry VIII & Elizabeth

Control parliament tactfully

Recognize & respect its role in government

1603 – Elizabeth dies, leaving throne to Stuart cousin James VI of Scotland (James I of England)

Stuart King James I Rules

1603-1625

James I becomes King (son of Mary Queen of Scots)

Mary was executed by Elizabeth, leaving James as the closest relative to assume throne

immediately clashes with parliament

Scolds parliament for usurping royal power

Parliament responds with a declaration of its own rights

In the last parliament of his reign, King James gives in to Parliament

Stuart King Charles I Rules 1625-1649

Charles dissolves Parliament when it tries to expand powers to deal with an economic crisis

Parliament act of 1628 produces the Petition of Right (No taxes w/o consent, No jailing w/o legal justification)

Later Parliament clashes with Charles over what they think are violations of the document

Charles dissolves Parliament again

The Long Parliament Meets

1640-1653

Faced with economic problems and an invasion by Scotland, Charles is forced to call Parliament

The Long Parliament (as it is known) works to steadily expand its powers

Eventually Charles strikes back

Motto: “Give Caesar his due”

The English Civil War Rages

War breaks out between Parliament’s Roundheads and Charles I’s Cavaliers

The parliamentary forces, led by Oliver Cromwell, eventually win

1649: Charles I is executed

Exit Ticket

Was the English Civil War successful? WHY or WHY

NOT? EXPLAIN!

“Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?”

Read the background information and answer corresponding questions

The English Commonwealth Parliament abolishes the monarchy and

House of Lords

Parliament rules as a commonwealth

Cromwell is leader

Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is a military leader

Commonwealth falls apart upon Cromwell’s death in 1658

Groups who favor a monarchy gain power

The Monarchy is Restored

1660-1685

Charles II works with Parliament to repair the shattered nation

Eventually clashes with Parliament when he works to restore Catholicism

1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds the monarchy’s power

His successor, James II, continues to push for Catholic power and incites a backlash PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**

The Glorious Revolution

William and Mary (James II’s Protestant daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs

1688 King James II, wife & child flee to France

Assures Parliament’s power

William & Mary had to agree to very limited powers under Parliament’s domination

1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights

The English Bill of Rights

Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy

Required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending

King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws

Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne

The English Bill of Rights

Also restated the traditional rights of English citizens

Trial by jury

Abolished excessive fines

Cruel and unjust punishment

Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus No person could be held in prison

without first being charged with a specific crime

Toleration Act 1689

Granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters

BUT only members of the Church of England could hold public office

Catholics were not allowed any religious freedoms

timeline

English Bill of Rights

Absolute Monarch

Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED

by Cromwell

Popular Ruler dies 1685

Abdicates in 1688

Wrap Up

Why was the “Age of Absolutism” 1550-1800 such a chaotic time in European history?

Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government

Exit Ticket: Wednesday 11/28/12

Why was Thomas Hobbes such a strong supporter of an Absolute Ruler?

What was the Petition of Right?

What was the result of the English Civil War?

What was the Commonwealth? Who led the Commonwealth?

The English Bill of Rights

Primary Source