England DividedParliament and the Monarchy Fight for Power
1485-1688
Objective
SWBAT understand how the English Civil War and the development of the commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution
DO NOW: Tuesday 11/27/12
On the back of your notes, list the PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France.
English Bill of Rights
Absolute Monarch
Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED
by Cromwell
Popular Ruler dies 1685
Abdicates in 1688
Constitutional
Government!
Map of The United Kingdom
The Tudors Rule England
1485-1603
Tudor monarchs
Henry VIII & Elizabeth
Control parliament tactfully
Recognize & respect its role in government
1603 – Elizabeth dies, leaving throne to Stuart cousin James VI of Scotland (James I of England)
Stuart King James I Rules
1603-1625
James I becomes King (son of Mary Queen of Scots)
Mary was executed by Elizabeth, leaving James as the closest relative to assume throne
immediately clashes with parliament
Scolds parliament for usurping royal power
Parliament responds with a declaration of its own rights
In the last parliament of his reign, King James gives in to Parliament
Stuart King Charles I Rules 1625-1649
Charles dissolves Parliament when it tries to expand powers to deal with an economic crisis
Parliament act of 1628 produces the Petition of Right (No taxes w/o consent, No jailing w/o legal justification)
Later Parliament clashes with Charles over what they think are violations of the document
Charles dissolves Parliament again
The Long Parliament Meets
1640-1653
Faced with economic problems and an invasion by Scotland, Charles is forced to call Parliament
The Long Parliament (as it is known) works to steadily expand its powers
Eventually Charles strikes back
Motto: “Give Caesar his due”
The English Civil War Rages
War breaks out between Parliament’s Roundheads and Charles I’s Cavaliers
The parliamentary forces, led by Oliver Cromwell, eventually win
1649: Charles I is executed
Exit Ticket
Was the English Civil War successful? WHY or WHY
NOT? EXPLAIN!
“Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?”
Read the background information and answer corresponding questions
The English Commonwealth Parliament abolishes the monarchy and
House of Lords
Parliament rules as a commonwealth
Cromwell is leader
Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is a military leader
Commonwealth falls apart upon Cromwell’s death in 1658
Groups who favor a monarchy gain power
The Monarchy is Restored
1660-1685
Charles II works with Parliament to repair the shattered nation
Eventually clashes with Parliament when he works to restore Catholicism
1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds the monarchy’s power
His successor, James II, continues to push for Catholic power and incites a backlash PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**
The Glorious Revolution
William and Mary (James II’s Protestant daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs
1688 King James II, wife & child flee to France
Assures Parliament’s power
William & Mary had to agree to very limited powers under Parliament’s domination
1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights
Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy
Required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending
King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws
Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne
The English Bill of Rights
Also restated the traditional rights of English citizens
Trial by jury
Abolished excessive fines
Cruel and unjust punishment
Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus No person could be held in prison
without first being charged with a specific crime
Toleration Act 1689
Granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters
BUT only members of the Church of England could hold public office
Catholics were not allowed any religious freedoms
timeline
English Bill of Rights
Absolute Monarch
Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED
by Cromwell
Popular Ruler dies 1685
Abdicates in 1688
Wrap Up
Why was the “Age of Absolutism” 1550-1800 such a chaotic time in European history?
Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government
Exit Ticket: Wednesday 11/28/12
Why was Thomas Hobbes such a strong supporter of an Absolute Ruler?
What was the Petition of Right?
What was the result of the English Civil War?
What was the Commonwealth? Who led the Commonwealth?
The English Bill of Rights
Primary Source