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Energy- The Ability To Cause Change -
Kinetic Energy energy due to motion
Kinetic Energy and Speed the faster an object moves, the more kinetic
energy it has
Kinetic Energy and Mass objects with more mass have more kinetic energy
Potential Energy stored energy due to the interactions between
objects or particles
There are 3 Types of Potential Energy:1. Gravitational Potential Energy - energy stored between an object and the Earth
depends on the object’s weight and height
Potential Energy2. Elastic Potential Energy – energy stored in objects that are compressed or stretched
ex. rubber bands, springs
3. Chemical Potential Energy – energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms; released during chemical reactions
ex. food, gasoline
Forms of EnergyForm of Energy Definition Example
Mechanical Energy
sum of kinetic and potential energies in a system of objects
shooting a basketball
Sound Energy energy that sound carries vibrating objects
Thermal Energy sum of kinetic and potential energies of particles that make up an object
heat
warmer cooler
Electric Energy energy an electric current carries
appliances
Radiant/Light Energy
energy carried by electromagnetic waves
light, microwaves, x-rays
Nuclear Energy energy stored and released in the nucleus of atoms
uranium in nuclear power plants
Energy Transformations
Transforming Energy Examples:
microwave oven (electrical radiant thermal)
photosynthesis (radiant chemical)
digestion (chemical mechanical)
Throwing a Ball Into the Air Kinetic Energy to Potential
Energy kinetic energy is greatest when
you first throw it kinetic energy decreases, but
potential energy increases as the ball rises
Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy potential energy is greatest as
the ball reaches its highest point
potential energy decreases, but kinetic energy increases as the ball falls back down
The Law of Conservation of Energy energy can be transformed from one form into
another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed
Friction – a force that resists the sliding of two surfaces that are touching transforms mechanical energy
into thermal energy decrease friction by using
lubricants (ex. oil, grease)
Waste Energy Thermal energy that is “lost” or cannot be
used during a transformation Examples:
Light Bulb (electrical radiant and thermal)
Cars (chemical mechanical and thermal)
Make Some Transformations List the energy transformations in these
objects: Hair Dryer
Solar-powered Calculator
Flashlight
Make Some Transformations List the energy transformations in these
objects: Hair Dryer
(electrical thermal and sound)
Solar-powered Calculator (radiant electrical radiant and thermal)
Flashlight (chemical electrical radiant and thermal)