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ENERGY AUDITS:The How & Why
Final thoughts . . . &
Q/A
Initial Metrics, Weather-Energy
Compensated Utility Analyses
Interviews, Loggers, Facility HVAC, lighting,
Process Description
BrainstormingECM developmentMatch Technology
to Customer
Present FindingsEEMs / ECMs /
EEOSavings
$opportunitiesEEM Interaction
and double accounting
Weather . . . The importance of weather:
It’s why we calibrate models
T.M.Y. isn’t good enough => A.M.Y. (8760 hrs)
Its why we do degree-day correlations & Normalizations. ENERGY STAR adjusts for weather to provide national scoring (1-100)
Record dry bulb temps in summer of 2019
Record summer rainfall and humidity in summer of 2018 leading to mold, mildew and water damage
Winter New England weather fluctuates between mild and harsh so just looking at utility data and operations and ignoring weather won’t give you the entire picture
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Campus-wide - Raw SteamFY 09-10 FY 08-09 FY 07-08 FY 06-07 FY 05-06 FY 04-05 FY 03-04 FY 02-03
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Campus-wide - HDD Adjusted Steam
FY 09-10 FY 08-09 FY 07-08 FY 06-07 FY 05-06 FY 04-05 FY 03-04 FY 02-03
Tools . . .
Utility Interval Data
KW Interval Data for High School
KW Interval Data
Interval Data
Gas CCF/Hr Interval Data for H.S.
More tools . . .
Data loggers
Recording Instruments
Recording Instruments
EMA’s data Logger – zone loggers collected CO2, indoor / outdoor temperatures and light levels for a week in Partners offices. They reveal that baseline minimum ventilation is more than adequate (greater than we need) and that fans run longer than needed (82% of the time), two opportunities for savings that this report addresses in its recommended EEM section. Also, given the concurrent OAT & indoor CO2 levels we can observe a) the fans run when nobody is using the space and secondly, the unit was clearly running on minimum fresh air, yet we can observe that the CO2 levels are never above. 550 ppm, given an ambient CO2 level of 400 ppm, and a met level for office workers of 0.01625 CFM of CO2 generation per person, that yields (10,600) / (550 – 400) = 71 CFM of fresh air per person. Note Sept 21 and 22 is Sat/Sunday.
More tools . . .
Blue Prints
MEP Drawings
As Built Single Line Diagrams
Where are the blue-prints?
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM - THERMAL LOAD
End Uses
Level 3 – Total Energy Level 2 – Efficient Conversion Level 1 – Efficient Use
ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY CONVERSION END USE
ELECTRICITY
GAS
WATER
PLANT STEAM
7,581 MWh
76,589 Therms
27,112,138 lbs
46,970,660 gal
Boilers
Clean Stem
Chilled Water
TBD
TBD
TBDHVAC –reheat, preheat
9,955,868 lbs11,250,130 lbsClean Steam
23,067,919 gal
Purified Water Process23,903,644 galPurified Water
Electricity
14,820,259 gal
Manufacturing
Lighting
Production
Metered Calculated Estimated
25,289 MMBtu
CHILLED WATER HVAC
WFI Stills 9,000,000 gal15,012,000 lbsPurified Water
BLDG 74 NYA - ANNUAL ENERGY BALANCE
WFI stillsClean SteamManufacturing
Other
850,008 lbs
Heating Water
The Blue Print Says What?!
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM – HEAT RECOVERY
CORRECTED SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
The Why & When to Humidify
More tools . . .
Infra red cameras
IR Cameras
IR Cameras, a word
IR Cameras, a word
Newer ECM Strategies1. Turn if OFF, slow it down!
2. Retro-commissioning / Re-commissioning of Controls and ongoing commissioning (data analytics)
3. Reduce minimum VAV TB airflow from 50% of max flow to 20% of max flow, use CO2 as a watchdog to ensure adequate ventilation
4. Well designed CO2 based demand-controlled ventilation strategies
5. Air & Water Source Heat Pump Domestic Hot Water Heaters
6. Zone ultrasonic humidification
7. Lab ACH: 6-12 ACH => 2-4 Fan Wall for 12:1 turndown, with triple ganged VAV TBs in lieu of induction/chilled beam
8. ECM motor swap outs for small hp applications <5 hp
9. Liebert non-compressor direct refrigerant cooling
10. Emerging technology - solar assisted vapor compression
11. Emerging technology - Belimo energy valves for Chilled Water Plants for low delta T syndrome.
12. Emerging technology - drop in refrigerants; waiting on white papers.
Questions & Comments?
Thank You!
Steve Di Giacomo, PE, CEM, BCxP, GBE
EMA – Energy Management Assoc., Inc.
508.533.1128
www.ema-boston.com
Questions & discussion will follow after all 3 presentations
