Endoscopy Deptt

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ENDOSCO

PYDEPARTM

ENT


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WHAT IS ENDOSCOPY ????

An endoscopy involves examining the inside of aperson's body using an endoscope. An endoscope is amedical device consisting of a long, thin, flexible (orrigid) tube which has a light and a video camera.

Images of the inside of the patient's body can be seenon a screen. The whole endoscopy is recorded so thatdoctors can check it again. Endoscopy is a minimally

invasive diagnostic medical procedure. It is

used to examine the interior surfaces of anorgan or tissue.


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Why Do I Need an Endoscopy?

Doctors will often recommend endoscopy to evaluate: Stomach pain

Ulcers, gastritis, or difficulty swallowing

Digestive tract bleeding

Changes in bowel habits (chronic constipation ordiarrhea)

Polyps or growths in the colon

In addition, your doctor may use an endoscope to take a biopsy (removal

of tissue) to look for the presence of disease.

Endoscopy may also be used to treat a digestive tract problem. For

example, the endoscope might not only detect active bleeding from anulcer, but devices can be passed through the endoscope that can stop the

bleeding. In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to

prevent the development ofcolon cancer.

Also, using ERCP((Endoscopic Retrograde

CholangioPancreatography)(upper endoscopy )), gallstones that havepassed outside the gallbladder and into the bile duct can be removed.
http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-peptic-ulcer-diseasehttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritishttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-constipationhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-diarrheahttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstoneshttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstoneshttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-diarrheahttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-constipationhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritishttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-peptic-ulcer-disease


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How Do I Prepare for Endoscopy?

Gut Preparation. Examining the upper digestive tract(upper endoscopy or ERCP) requires nothing more than fasting for 6-8

hours prior to the procedure. To examine the colon, it must be cleared of

stool. Therefore, a laxative or group of laxatives is given on the day

before the procedure.

Sedation. For most examinations with an endoscope, a sedative isprovided. This increases the comfort of the individual undergoing the

examination. The sedative, which is administered via an injection into the

vein, produces relaxation and light sleep. There are usually few if any

recollections of the procedure. Patients wake up within an hour, but theeffects of the medicines are more prolonged, so it is not safe to drive

until the next day.

General anesthesia (puts you totally asleep for a period of time) is given

in only very special circumstances (in young children, and when very

complex procedures are planned).
http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/guide/fastinghttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/guide/fasting


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Is Endoscopy Safe?

Overall, endoscopy is very safe, however, the proceduredoes have a few potential complications, which mayinclude

Perforation (tear in the gut wall)

Reaction to sedation Infection

Bleeding

Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP(EndoscopicRetrograde CholangioPancreatography)


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Diagnostic Kits - EndoscopyEndoscopy is an important tool for gastro enterologists and other specialists dealing with

problems of the digestive tract. Ensoscopes are thin, flexible telescopes that allow trained

specialists to examine most areas of the gut. At the end of the endoscope is a tiny television

camera, which allows the doctor to see the lining of the gut in close up and in colour on a

television monitor.

Endoscopes are named after the part of the body they are designed to view. A gastro scope

is used to examine the stomach for an ulcer.A laparoscope is to detect cysts and infections of the uterus, fallopian tubes and

ovaries.Upper endoscopy refers to examination of the oesophagus, stomach

etc.Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy refers to endoscopy of large intestines, through the

anus.Special controls helps doctors move the tip of the instrument, to blow air, wash or suck

fluids to clear the view. Endoscopes have an inner channel through which doctors can pass

other devices for diagnosis and treatment. Using an endoscope a surgeon can carryout

minor operations also. Surgical instruments like forceps can be taken to the site wheresurgery is needed. A number of instruments can be fitted to the endoscope. For e.g., with

the help of toothed Biopsy forceps, samples of tissues can be removed for Biopsy

examination. Polyps, which are small wart like tumours, which arise on the gut wall, mostly

in colon, can be removed using a colonoscope, electrical current is applied to cut off the

polyp cleanly.


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ENDOSCOPY

DEPARTMENT

An endoscopy unit refers to a dedicated areawhere medical procedures are performed

with endoscopes, which are cameras used to

visualize structures within the body, such as

the digestive tract and genitourinary system.Endoscopy units may be located within a hospital,

incorporated within other medical care centres, or

may be stand-alone in nature.

In the early days of endoscopy, when fewerprocedures were carried out, facilities such

as operating theatres tended to be used; as the

number of procedures carried out and the

complexity of the procedures and equipment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscope


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Components

An endoscopy unit consists of the followingcomponents: trained and accredited endoscopists(which are usually gastroenterologists or surgeons);trained nursing and additional staff; endoscopes andother equipment; preparation, procedural andrecovery areas; a disinfection and cleaning area forequipment; emergency equipment and personnel;and, a program for quality assurance. Proceduresperformed within an endoscopy unit may include

gastrointestinal endoscopy (suchas gastroscopy, colonoscopy, ERCP, and endoscopicultrasound), bronchoscopy, cystoscopy, or other morespecialized procedures. Endoscopy units may be partof a hospital, where emergency procedures may beperformed on ill patients admitted to hospital;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenterologisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenterologist


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Layout

Endoscopy units consist of a number of areas:

Reception and waiting area for patients and

relatives.

Consultation rooms.

Changing areas.

Procedure rooms.

Recovery area.

Decontamination area.


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Procedure rooms These are the rooms where the endoscopic procedures are performed.

Procedure rooms should to contain:

Patient trolley.

Endoscopy 'stack' and video monitor(s) this equipment contains the lightsource and processor required for the endoscopes to produce images.

Monitoring equipment to allow continuous monitoring of patient conditionduring procedures.

suction equipment to allow both aspiration ofairway secretions and to allowaspiration of fluid through the endoscope.

Piped oxygen supply.

Medication used to provide procedural sedation.

Ancillary equipment - endoscopy biopsy forceps, snares,injectors (seeInstruments used in gastroenterology).

Diathermy and/orArgon plasma coagulation equipment.

Computer(s) used to generate endoscopy reports.

An endoscopy recovery area

Procedure rooms should be at least 200 square feet (19 m2) in size, andhospitals should have at least two procedure rooms. Larger endoscopy unitsshould contain one procedure room per 1,000 to 1,500 proceduresperformed annually.[3]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(medical_device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(medical_device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(medical_device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(medical_device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitor


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ENDOSCOPE WITH

FLEXIBLE TUBEENDOSCOPIC MASK

ENDOSCOPY VIDEO

PROCESSIOR

CAMERA

ENDOSCOPY

CCD(charge-coupleddevice) CAMERA


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Recovery area Since a number of patients undergoing

endoscopy receive sedation, and a few

emergency patients may be unstable, there must

be an area available for the observation of

patients until they have recovered. These areasalso need to have piped oxygen, full monitoring

facilities (including pulse oximetry),

suction, resuscitation equipment and emergency

drugs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qrbzpDA98g


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Documents

Endoscopy Deptt