End-to-End QoS Implementation and Operation with Cisco Nexus Rohan Grover @mountainviewer Technical Marketing Manager

End-to-End QoS Implementation and Operation with Cisco Nexus

Rohan Grover

@mountainviewer

Technical Marketing Manager

© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKDCT-3346 3

Session Objectives• Provide a refresh of QoS and Queuing Basics

• Understand the basic hardware architecture for the Nexus Platforms

• Provide a detailed understanding of QoS on Nexus platforms

• Examine real-world configuration examples


Session Non-Objectives• Data Center QoS Methodology

• Nexus hardware architecture deep-dive

• Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) QOS

© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKDCT-3346

Related Sessions

5

Session Id Session Name

BRKARC-3470 Cisco Nexus 7000/7700 Switch Architecture

BRKARC-3452 Cisco Nexus 5600 and 6000 Architecture

BRKDCT-1980 Advanced Analytics in Nexus Switches

BRKRST-2509 Mastering Data Center QoS

© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicPresentation ID

Agenda• Introduction

• QoS and Queuing Basics

• QoS Implementation on Nexus

• Nexus 7000/7700 QoS

• Nexus 5600/6000 QoS

• Nexus 2000 QoS

• Real World Configuration Examples

• Conclusion

6

© 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicPresentation ID 7

Introduction


Wikipedia.org

“Quality of service (QoS) is the overall performance of a telephony or computer network, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.”


Margaret RouseWhatis.com

“On the Internet and in other networks, QoS (Quality of Service) is the idea that transmission rates, error rates, and other characteristics can be measured, improved, and, to some extent, guaranteed in advance.”


Congestion Happens Everyday!


Why QoS in the Data Center?

11

Assign Color to Traffic

Maximize Throughput

ManageCongestion

Maximize Throughput and Manage Congestion!





• Nexus 7000/7700 QoS

• Nexus 5600/6000 QoS

• Nexus 2000 QoS


• Conclusion

12


QoS and Queuing Basics


The QoS Toolset

14

Classification

Identify and Split Traffic

into Different Classes

Queuing &Scheduling

Prioritize, Protect and

Isolate Traffic Based on Markings

Marking

Mark Traffic According to Behavior and

Business Policies

Policing

Discard Misbehaving

Traffic to Maintain Network Integrity

Shaping

Control Bursts and Conform Traffic

22nd Anniversary


Traffic Management Tools

• Classification• Traffic Categorization

• Marking• Traffic Re-categorization

• Policing• Limit misbehaving flows


Classification and Marking – Two sides of a coin

16

Mad Max (1979)

HTTPVoIPemail

Videop2p

App1vmotion

mgmtlync

backup

Before:

Uncontrolled Bandwidth

VoIP/Lync

Email/HTTP

SAP

Backup

After:

Controlled Bandwidth

• Identify traffic• DSCP• CoS• ACLs• IP PREC

• Remap Traffic• Like to Like (i.e CoS to CoS)• Like to Unlike (i.e DSCP to COS)

• Needs mapping tables• Also called Mutation


Policing – limit misbehaving traffic

17

Mad Max (1979)

• Single rate Two Color Policer• Conform Action (permit)• Exceed Action (drop)

Tokens

Burst Limit

Conforming Traffic

Excess Traffic

• Two rate Three Color Policer• Conform Action (permit)• Exceed Action (markdown)• Violate Action (drop)


Congestion Management Tools

• Buffering• Storing packets in memory

• Queuing• Buffering packets according to traffic class

• Scheduling• Order of transmission of buffered packets

• Shaping• Smooth bursty traffic


Buffering – Why do we need it?

• Speed Mismatch• Client to WAN to Server

19

• Many to One Conversations• Client to Server• Server to Storage• Aggregation Points

1 GE

1 GE

1 GE

1 GE

10 GE10 GE


Scheduling – Who goes first• Defines Order of transmission

• The Priority-Queue always serviced first

• Normal Queues serviced only after Priority Queue empty

• Different Scheduling algorithms for normal queues

20


Common Scheduling Algorithms

• Round Robin (RR)• Simple and Easy to implement• Starvation-free

• Weighted Round Robin (WRR)• Serves n packets per non-empty

queue• Assumes a mean packet size

• Deficit Weighted Round Robin– Variable sized packets– Uses a deficit counter

• Shaped Round Robin– More even distributed ordering– Weighted interleaving of flows


4 Class Queuing Model example

Class CoS Queues

Priority 5-7 PQ

No-Drop 3, 4 Q2

Better than Best-Effort 2 Q1

Best-Effort 0, 1 Default-Q


Congestion Avoidance Tools

• Tail Drop (TD)• Drop packets at tail of the queue• Single threshold per queue

• Weighted Random Early Drop (WRED)• One or more thresholds per queue• Threshold associated with DSCP or COS


Putting it all together!

25

Egress Port

PQ1

Q2

Q3

Q-Default

Sch

edu

ler

DW

RR

Drop Threshold 4

Drop Threshold 3

Drop Threshold 2

Drop Threshold 1

Normal Queue

Packet is placed in the Egress Queue according to CoS/DSCP value.

1

Normal Queues have Threshold and drop packet accordingly

4

Priority Queue always served first

2

Normal Queues served after PQ is empty according to Scheduler

3

dataL2

CoS [3]L3

DSCP [24]

COS Queue

5, 6, 7 PQ1

3, 4 Q3

2 Q2

0, 1 Q-Default


Congestion could result in…..

26

Head Line Blockingof


Head of Line BlockingWhat is the Problem?

27

No CongestionRed Cars blocked!

congestion


Head of Line BlockingSolution – Create Separate Lanes but…

28

Cars turned back

Stadium Full


Head of Line BlockingSolution – Have an arbiter

29

Supermarket Not Full

Stadium Full


Head of Line BlockingWhat is the Problem?

30

Ingress Module Egress Module



CrossbarFabric

congestion

buffer

backpressure

for all Traffic

drop


Virtual Output QueuesAvoid Head of Line Blocking

31




CrossbarFabric

IngressVOQ


Virtual Output QueuesAvoid Head of Line Blocking

32




CrossbarFabric

IngressVOQ

congestion

drop

buffer





• Nexus 7000/7700 QoS

• Nexus 5600/6000 QoS

• Nexus 2000 QoS


• Conclusion

33


QoS Implementation on Nexus


3 Block Construct

Nexus uses Modular QOS CLI (MQC)

35

What Traffic do we care about?• DSCP• CoS• IPPREC• ACLs

Class-Map

Where do I apply this policy?• System Wide• Vlan• Interface (in/out)• Port-channels

Service-Policy

What action do I take on these classes?• Policing• Marking• Scheduling

Policy-Map


New QoS CapabilitiesPriority Flow Control (802.1Qbb)

• Enables Lossless Ethernet using per COS pause

• During congestion, no-drop COS is paused

• Primarily for FCoE (COS 3)

36


New QoS Capabilities• DCBXP (802.1Qaz)

• LLDP with new TLV Values• Negotiates capabilities (like PFC) with other

devices

• ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification)• Congestion Notification without dropping

packets• Uses two LSB bits in DiffServ field in IP header

37

DiffServ Field Values

0x00 – Non ECN Capable

0x10 – ECN Capable Transport (0)

0x01 – ECN Capable Transport (1)

0x11- Congestion Encountered


Network-QoS Policy • Should be consistent across all switches in network

• Supported on F-cards on Nexus 7x00 and Nexus 5x00,6000,9000

• Applied on the system-qos target in admin (or default) vdc

• Configures the following• Pause Behavior (PFC)• MTU (per VL)• Congestion Control (TD or WRED)

38

Nexus(config)# system qos Nexus(config-sys-qos)# service-policy type network-qos my_template


Three Different Types

39

Network-QoS•Congestion-Control•Pause / MTU per VL

QoS•Marking•Policing•Mutation

Queuing•Buffering•Queuing•Scheduling

Policy-map

QoS•CoS•DSCP•PREC•ACLs

Queuing•CoS•DSCP

Class-map Service-policy

QoS•Interfaces•Vlans•Port-channel•System-qos

Queuing•Interfaces•Port-channels•System-qos

Network-QoS•System-qos

Network-QoS•CoS•Protocol (fcoe)


To Trust or Not To Trust?

• Data Centre architecture provides a new set of trust boundaries

• Virtual Switch extends the trust boundary into the Hypervisor

• Nexus Switches always trust CoS and DSCP

43





• Nexus 7000/7700 QoS

• Nexus 5600/6000 QoS

• Nexus 2000 QoS


• Conclusion

44


Nexus 7000/7700 QoS


M Series Modules

Nexus 7000 / 7700 I/O Module Families

M1 1G and 10GM2 10G / 40G / 100G

F Series Modules

NEXUS 7000

NEXUS 7000

NEXUS 7700

F1 10G F2 10GF2E 10G F3 40G

F2E 10G

L2/L3/L4 with large forwarding tables and rich feature set

High performance, low latency with streamlined feature setF3 10G / 40G / 100G


12 X 10G MAC / LinkSec

ForwardingEngine

VOQs

Fabric 2 ASIC

To Fabric Modules

ReplicationEngine

ReplicationEngine

Front Panel Ports

LCCPU

EOBC

VOQs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

12 X 10G MAC / LinkSec

ForwardingEngine

VOQs

ReplicationEngine

ReplicationEngine

VOQs

242322212019181716151413

To Central Arbiters

ArbitrationAggregator

…

M2 I/O Module Architecture

47

BRKARC-3470Cisco Nexus 7000 / 7700 Switch Architecture


Ingress Module Egress ModuleCrossbarFabric

M2 I/O QoS Packet-Flow (10G)

48

Ingress VoQ-ASIC

1p3q1t

1 2 3 4 VOQIngress port-ASIC

Ingress1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8q2t

Egress port-ASIC

Egress

1p7q4t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Egress VoQ-ASIC

Egress

FIFO

1

Arbiter

8

3

8

1

ForwardingEngine

CoS to Queue-Mapping>Policy Type “queuing”(Scheduling, Buffering)

1

Default CoS-to-Queue map:CoS [2] to Default-Q (8)

2

>Policy Type “qos”(Mutation, Classification, Marking, Policing)

3

VoQ gets assigned based on Dest + CoS value

4

Credit Grant for Fabric Access

5

Traffic gets forwarded over

Fabric

6

Return Credit to Pool

8

Traffic gets Received on Egress VoQ

7

CoS to Queue-Mapping>Policy Type “queuing”(Scheduling, Buffering)

9

Default CoS-to-Queue map:CoS [2] to Default-Q (8)

10

dataL2

CoS [2]L3

DSCP [24]data

L2CoS [2]

L3DSCP [24]


8 X 10GSoC 1

Nexus 7700 F3 48-Port 1G/10G Module ArchitectureTo Fabric Modules

FSACPU

EOBC To Central Arbiters

ArbitrationAggregator

8 X 10GSoC 2

8 X 10GSoC 3

8 X 10GSoC 4

8 X 10GSoC 5

8 X 10GSoC 6

55Gbps

6 X 110Gbps

Fabric ASIC Fabric ASIC

6 X 110Gbps

55Gbps

LC Inband

1G per SOC … x 6

1

Front Panel Ports (SFP/SFP+)2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

LinkSec-capable

to LCCPU


Decision Engine

Ingress Parser

F3 SoC

VirtualQueuing

IngressBuffer

Port Logic

Egress Buffer

F3 SoC Architecture

Egress Parser

Layer 2 LookupsLayer 3 Lookups

ClassificationMarking / Policing

Front Panel Ports8x10G2x40G1x100G

To CentralArbiter

To LocalFabric

From LocalFabric


Decision Engine

Ingress Parser

CL TCAM

F2E/F3 SoC

Port Logic

VirtualQueuing

IngressBuffer

Layer 2 LookupsLayer 3 Lookups

ClassificationMarking / Policing

F2E/ F3 SoC

Port Logic

Egress Buffer

Module 2

e2/1

Fabric ASIC

Fabric Module 1

Fabric ASIC

Supervisor Engine

Central Arbiter

Module 1

e1/1

Fabric Module 2

Fabric ASIC

Fabric Module 3

Fabric ASIC

Fabric Module 4

Fabric ASIC

Fabric Module 5

Fabric ASIC

Fabric ASIC

e1/1

e2/1

e2/1

DWRRSP

F2E/F3 QoS Packet Walk

PKT HDR

HDRPKT

Req

Credit

Credit

PKT HDR

Receive packet from wire

Ingress packet parsing

Packet headers sent to DE

Payload queued in port buffer based on

COS / DSCP

Buffer credit granted

Check VQ drop

thresholds

All L2 + L3 lookups /Ingress + egress QoS classification /

Ingress + egress marking and policing

CL TCAM contains QoS classification

rules

Final lookup result: destination + priority

Transmit to fabric

Receive from fabric

Schedule and transmit

on wire

Buffer on egress based on dest+ priority

Queue packet descriptor in VOQ

(dest + priority)

Return buffer credit (dest + priority)

Request buffer credit for dest +

priority


Ingress Queuing – Logical View

60

CoS 0-4(Q-Default)

CoS 5-7(Q1)

8e Template

CoS 3(Q4)

CoS 5-7(Q1)

7e Template

CoS 0,1(Q-Default)

CoS 2,4(Q3)

CoS 0-2(Q-Default)

CoS 5-7(Q1)

6e Template

CoS 4(Q3)

CoS 3(Q4)

CoS 0(Q-Default)

CoS 5-7(Q1)

4e Template

CoS 4(Q3)

CoS 1-3(Q4)

High (Pause) Threshold

Low (Resume) Threshold

8e-4q4q Template

CoS 3-4(Q3)

CoS 5-7(Q1)

CoS 2(Q4)

CoS 0-1(Q-Default)


Egress Queuing – Logical View

61

Egr

ess

Por

t

Q2

PQ

1

Q3

Q-D

ef

default-4q-7e-out-policy

Q-Def.(0,1)

PQ1(5,6,7)

Q3(2,4)

Q2(3)

DWRR

Priority

DWRR

50% 50%

Egr

ess

Por

t

PQ

2 (

H)

PQ

3 (

L)

PQ

1

Q-D

ef


Q-Def.(0-2)

PQ3(3)

PQ1(5,6,7)

PQ2.(4)

DWRR

PrioPrio

DWRR

100%

Egr

ess

Por

t

PQ

1 (

H)

Q-D

ef

PQ

2 (

L)

Q3


Q3(1,2,3)

Q-Def.(0)

PQ2(4)

PQ1(5,6,7)

DWRR DWRR

PrioPrio

DWRR

100% 100%

red indicates no-drop

Egr

ess

Por

t

PQ

1

Q2

Q3

Q-D

ef

DWRR


Q-Def.(0,1)

Q2(3,4)

Q3(2)

PQ1(5,6,7)

Priority

33%33%33%

Egr

ess

Por

t

PQ

1

Q2

Q3

Q-D

ef

DWRR

default-4q4q-8e-out-policy

Q-Def.(0,1)

Q2(3,4)

Q3(2)

PQ1(5,6,7)

Priority

33%33%33%


CoS or DSCP to Queue Mapping• Default CoS to Queue Mapping for Nexus 7000/7700 (F- and M-Series I/O

Module)• Ingress: CoS to Queue• Egress: CoS to Queue

• DSCP to Queue Mapping for Nexus 7000/7700 (F- and M-Series I/O Module)• Ingress: DSCP to Queue• Egress: CoS to Queue

• Global Configuration (Admin/Default VDC) required to enable DSCP to Queue Mapping:

64

N7k(config)# hardware qos dscp-to-queue ingress module type {all | f-series | m-series}


Changing the Default Trust

65

802.1q Trunk / Access Port

Ingress Queues

Egress Queues

routed/bridged

CoS

CoSq-1

q-n

Note: CoS is used for egress queue selection, even if the egress interface does NOT carry CoS in the frame

q-default

Set CoS 0(will only set CoS to 0) data

L2CoS [0]

L3DSCP [24]

Set DSCP 0(will set DSCP + CoS to 0)

L3DSCP [0]

dataL2

CoS [0]L3

DSCP [0]data

L2CoS [2]

L3DSCP [24]

802.1q Trunk


Nexus 7000 QoS Golden Rules• QoS is enabled by default and cannot be disabled

• CoS and DSCP are TRUSTED by default

• Default Queuing and QoS policies are applied to all physical interfaces across all VDCs

• For bridged traffic, CoS is preserved, DSCP is unmodified

• For routed traffic, DSCP is copied to CoS (first 3 bits)• Ex: DSCP 40 (b101000) becomes CoS 5 (b101)





• Nexus 7000/7700 QoS

• Nexus 5600/6000 QoS

• Nexus 2000 QoS


• Conclusion

69


Nexus 5600/6000 QoS


Cisco Nexus 5600/6000 Overview

71

High Performance High Scalability Feature-Rich Visibility and Analytics

• Line rate L2 and L3 • 1-us port-to-port

latency • 25-MB buffer per port

ASIC

• 10 GE and true 40 GE

• Up to 224,000 MAC

• Up to 128,000 ARP

• L2 and L3 features

• vPC and FabricPath

• FC and FCOE

• VXLAN Bridging and Routing

• Line-rate SPAN

• Sampled NetFlow

• Micro-burst monitoring

• Latency monitoring


EgressVOQ buffer

IngressVOQ buffer


Ingress Module

Ingress Module

CrossbarFabric

Ingress Buffering ModelNexus 5600/6000 compared to Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Module

72

Ingress VOQ buffer – Manages congestion toward egress destinations

Egress VOQ buffer – Receives frames from fabric; also buffers multi-destination frames

EgressVOQ buffer

IngressVOQ buffer

Nexus 7000F-Series I/O Module


Key Concepts – Common Points

• Nexus 5000/6000 & Nexus 7000 F-Series I/O Modules share the Ingress Buffer Model

• Ingress buffering and queuing occur at VOQ of each ingress port

• Egress scheduling enforced by egress port

• No Egress QOS Policies

Nexus 7000 compared to Nexus 5000/6000 QoS

73


Cisco Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Features• Traffic classification

‒ DSCP, CoS, IP Precedence and ACL

• Packet marking

‒ DSCP, CoS, and ECN

• Strict Priority Queuing and DWRR

‒ Priority Flow Control

‒ DCBX 802.1Qaz

• Ingress policing (No egress policing)

‒ 4096 policers per ASIC

• Flexible buffer management


Unified Ports

Nexus 5672UP Architecture Overview

UPC 1

24xSFP+

Fabric

6xQSFP+ CPU

Supervisor

UPC-0UPC 2 UPC 3 UPC 4 UPC 5 UPC 6

24xSFP+

Slot 1 Slot 2


Packet Buffering• 25MB packet buffer is shared by every three 40 GE ports or twelve 10 GE ports.

• Buffer is 16MB at ingress and 9MB at egress.

• Unicast packet can be buffered at both ingress and egress.

448Gbps

224Gbps

Ingress UPC

Egress UPC

Un

ica

st

VO

QM

ult

ica

st

VO

Q

Unified Crossbar

Fabric

16MB 9MB


Nexus 5600 QoS Packet Walk C

rossb

arF

abric

MAC TrafficClassification

IngressCos/DSCP

MarkingForwarding

VoQs(8 per egress port)

Egress Queues

Trust CoS/DSCP andMatch on COS/DSCP/ACL

Make a forwarding decision

If Buffer Usage Crosses Threshold:• Tail drop for drop class• Assert Pause for no-drop COS

Strict Priority +DWRR Scheduling

MAC

Ingress UPC

IngressPolicing

WRED/ECNMarking

EgressScheduling

Egress UPC

Per-classBuffer Usage

Monitoring

Ingress Buffer

Egress Buffer


Flexible Buffer ManagementIngress Buffer

• Shared buffer is good for burst absorption.

• Dedicated buffer is good for predictable performance for each port.

• On by default, no configuration needed

• Long-distance FCoE, video editing (i.e., AVID), Big Data, and distributed storage

Port 1 Dedicated

Port 2 Dedicated

Port 3 Dedicated

Shared Packet Buffer

SPAN Control

UPC Ingress Buffer (16MB)


WRED/ ECN Configuration

• ECN parameters are configurable only at system level.

• ECN is enabled by default along with WRED

• Packet Threshold below minimum – Transmit

• Packet Threshold between minimum and maximum – Mark ECN bits

• Packet Threshold above maximum – Drop

switch(config)# hardware random-detect min-thresh 10g 10g-min-threshold 40g 40g-min-threshold max-thresh 10g 10g-max-threshold 40g 40g-max-threshold ecn qos-group qos-group-number


Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Configuration Model

• Uses QOS-Groups to tie together QoS, Queuing and Network-QoS policies

• QoS-Group has no direct relation with CoS value

• QoS-Groups defined (set) in policy-map type qos.

• QoS-groups referenced (match) in policy type queuing and policy-map type network-qos


Putting it all together

class-map type qos class_foo match cos 3-4

policy-map type qos pm1 class type qos class_foo set qos-group 1 police cir 20 mbytes conform transmit violate drop class type qos class-default set qos-group 0

interface ethernet 1/1 service-policy type qos input pm1

class-map type queuing class-foo match qos-group 1

policy-map type queuing policy-foo class type queuing class-foo bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 80

interface ethernet 1/3 service-policy type queuing input policy-foo

Create class-map type qos and

match on cos/dscp/acls

Create policy-map type qos and set qos-group and/or add policing rule

Attach policy-map type qos as input to

an interface

Attach policy-map queuing to interface

Create policy-map type queuing and

create actions

Create class-map type queuing and

match on qos-group


Nexus 5600/6000 QoS Golden Rules• ECN/WRED is enabled by default and cannot be disabled

• CoS and DSCP are TRUSTED by default

• Use QoS-Groups to tie policies together

• No Egress QOS policies





• Nexus 7000/7700 QoS

• Nexus 5600/6000 QoS

• Nexus 2000 QoS


• Conclusion

86


Nexus 2000 QoS


FEX Overview• Scalable and Extensible Fabric

• Single point of management

• Homogeneous and consistent policies


Cisco Nexus 2000 QoS Features• Traffic classification

‒ DSCP, CoS

‒ ACL classification (FEX offload) –only on 5600/6000

• Strict Priority Queuing and DWRR

‒ Priority Flow Control

• Queue-limit Carving


Nexus Parent

FEX QoS Policies• Support for ingress port-based QoS policies on FEX HIF ports

• Support for ingress/egress VLAN-based QoS policies on FEX VLANs

• FEX QoS policies applied at ingress module of parent switch• No support for remarking, policing policies

FEXModule

/PortModule

/PortFEX

Ingress port-based QoS

policy

Ingress/egress VLAN-based QoS

policy

Ingress FEX Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module


Nexus ParentFEX Module Module FEX

Ingress queue / egress schedule based on COS 0

Ingress FEX(FEX 101)

Egress FEXIngress Module Egress Module

FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0

Ingress queue at input port based on

COS 0

Egress schedule based on COS 0

Ingress queue / egress schedule based on COS 0

1Q trunk

FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (CoS2Q)


Nexus Parent

FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (DSCP2Q)

FEX Module Module FEX

Ingress queue / egress schedule based on DSCP 0



Fabric


DSCP 0



PKT DSCP 0 COS 0


Ingress QoS policy:policy-map type qos marker class ClassA set dscp cs3!interface ethernet 101/1/1 service-policy type qos input marker

Nexus 7000

FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (With Ingress Marking Policy and DSCP-to-Queue)





FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0 PKT DSCP CS3 COS 3


DSCP 0

Classify and remark to DSCP CS3/COS 3 at

ingress Decision Engine


Ingress queue / egress schedule

based on DSCP CS3


Ingress QoS policy:policy-map type qos marker class ClassA set dscp cs3!interface ethernet 101/1/1 service-policy type qos input marker

Nexus 7000

FEX QoS Packet Flow Example (With Ingress Marking Policy and DSCP-to-Queue)





FabricPKT DSCP 0 COS 0 PKT DSCP CS3 COS 3


DSCP 0

Classify and remark to DSCP CS3/COS 3 at

ingress Decision Engine


Ingress queue / egress schedule

based on DSCP CS3


FEX Policy Offload (Nexus 5600/6000 only) • TCAM resources on a FEX to perform ACL-based classification

• The feature is disabled by default

• By default, a FEX classifies packets on CoS value

• Both system level and interface level policies are offloaded to the FEX

switch# configure terminalfex chassis_IDhardware card-type qos-policy-offload


FEX Queuing Policies• FEX queuing driven implicitly by parent switch queuing configuration

• Network QoS template drives:• Number of queues• MTU

• Ingress queuing class-maps drive:• BOTH ingress and egress COS/DSCP-to-queue mapping

• On Nexus 7000 with FEX + M-Series parent modules, network-qos and F-series ingress queuing class-maps still drive FEX queuing configuration


DSCP-to-Queue on FEX• Enabling DSCP-to-queue on parent switch enables DSCP-to-queue on FEX

• Currently active DSCP mappings pushed to FEX when enabled

• DSCP-to-queue only active in the HIF→NIF direction• NIF→HIF direction always uses COS-to-queue mapping, based on COS transmitted by

parent switch to FEX


FEX Queue-Limit• Provides FEX queue-limit configuration option

• Manages buffer thresholds on FEX based on platform capabilities

• Default has queue-limit disabled

• Configuration applied per-VDC (on Nexus 7000/7700)

• Different FEX models have different capabilities


Nexus 2000 QoS Golden Rules• FEX QOS classification on COS or DSCP unless FEX offload enabled

• FEX queuing driven implicitly by parent switch queuing configuration

• No support for per-queue shaping, policing or marking

• Drop thresholds are tail-drop only, no WRED support





• Nexus 7000/7700 QoS

• Nexus 5600/6000 QoS

• Nexus 2000 QoS


• Conclusion

100


Real World Configuration Examples


What do we want to achieve?Company Foobar’s Business Goals

102

• Make sure no disruption in network services

• Put control traffic in priority queue

• Video/voice hosting also an business objective

• Put voice traffic in priority queue

• Dedicated bandwidth to video traffic

• Flexibility in moving applications across servers

• Dedicated bandwidth to vmotion/mobility

• Everything else best-effort


Translating to the language of QoS

103

Application CoSQueuing

(Scheduling)Queue-Limit

(Buffer)Character

Best Effort 0, 1BW remaining

50%60%

High Volume / Less Important

vMotion / Live Migration

2BW remaining

20%10%

Medium Volume / Important

Multimedia 3, 4BW remaining

30%20%

Medium VolumeVery Important

Strict Priority 5

Priority Queue 10%

Low Volume / Important /

Delay Sensitive

Network Control 6,7Low Volume / Very important


Topology

104

vpc peer-link

vpc peer-link vpc peer-link vpc peer-link

Core

Nexus 7000

Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000Nexus 5000 Nexus 5000Nexus 5000

Nexus 2000

Nexus 7000

Nexus 2000 Nexus 2000 Nexus 2000Nexus 2000Nexus 2000

M2 cards facing core and F2/F3

cards facing access

VPC from access to

aggregation

Host VPC, Straight-through

FEX

Enhanced VPC (evPC)

Straight-through FEX, No VPC


Classification, Marking & Trust on Nexus 5000/7000

105

vpc peer-link


Between the different Tiers, all ports are TRUSTED

Type:QoS

Mark Traffic from Core

(policy-map type qos)or just TRUST

(default)

Core

Mark Traffic from Servers(policy-map type qos)

or just TRUST (default)


Classification & Marking: Nexus 7000ip access-list ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO 10 permit …ip access-list ACL_QOS_VMOTION 10 permit …ip access-list ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA 10 permit …ip access-list ACL_QOS_SCRICTPRIO 10 permit …!class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 match access-group name ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO!class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 match access-group name ACL_QOS_VMOTION!class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 match access-group name ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA!class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 match access-group name ACL_QOS_STRICTPRIO

policy-map type qos PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN class CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 set cos 5 class CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 set cos 4 class CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 set cos 2 class CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 set cos 1!interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type qos input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN!vlan configuration 100 service-policy input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN

106

Type:QoS


Classification & Marking: Nexus 5600/6000 (1)ip access-list ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO 10 permit …ip access-list ACL_QOS_VMOTION 10 permit …ip access-list ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA 10 permit …!class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 match access-group name ACL_QOS_LOWPRIO!class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 match access-group name ACL_QOS_VMOTION!class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 match access-group name ACL_QOS_MULTIMEDIA!class-map type qos match-any CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 match cos 5

policy-map type qos PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN class CM_QOS_STRICTPRIO_COS5 set qos-group 5 class CM_QOS_MULTIMEDIA_COS4 set qos-group 4 class CM_QOS_VMOTION_COS2 set qos-group 3 class CM_QOS_LOWPRIO_COS1 set qos-group 2!system qos service-policy type qos input PM_QOS_MARK_COS_IN

107

Type:

Network-QoS

QoS

QoS-Group # is mapping between Slide 1 & Slide 2


Classification & Marking: Nexus 5500/6000 (2)class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG2_COS1 match qos-group 2class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4class-map type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5

policy-map type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG2_COS1 set cos 1 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 set cos 2 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 set cos 4 class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 set cos 5 queue-limit 20480 bytes!system qos service-policy type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM

108

Type:

Network-QoS

QoS

QoS-Group # is mapping between Slide 1 & Slide 2


Classification & Marking (Nexus 2000)

109

vpc peer-link


Type:Queuing

Traffic Classification based on ACL happens here!

Core

Traffic Classification based on CoS happens here!


Queuing (M2-cards)

110

vpc peer-link


Modify CoS to Queue mapping

in Admin-/Default-

VDC

Assign a egress policy-map to each interface with priority, bandwidth and queue-limit to alter default queuing policy

Type:Queuing

Assign ingress policy-map to each

interface with bandwidth and

queue-limit

Core


CoS to Queue Mapping – M2 I/O ModuleExample

111



(Buffer)Queue

(8q2t / 1p7q4t)Character

Best Effort 0, 1BW remaining

50%60%

8q2t-in-q-default / 1p7q4t-out-q-default



2BW remaining

20%10%

8q2t-in-q6 / 1p7q4t-out-q6



30%20%

8q2t-in-q2 / 1p7q4t-out-q2


Strict Priority 5

Priority Queue 10%8q2t-in-q1 /

1p7q4t-out-pq1


Delay Sensitive



CoS to Queue Mapping (on M2 cards)Exmple (Admin- / Default-VDC)

112

Core class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q2 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q6 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 8q2t-in-q-default match cos 0-1 ! class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-pq1 match cos 5-7 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q2 match cos 3-4 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q6 match cos 2 class-map type queuing match-any 1p7q4t-out-q-default match cos 0-1

Type:Queuing

Admin-VDC

Admin-VDC

Changes apply to ALL ports of specified type in ALL VDCsChanges are traffic disruptive for ports of specified type


Ingress Queuing Configuration on M2 cardsExample (Payload-VDC)

113

Core policy-map type queuing PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_IN class type queuing 8q2t-in-q1 queue-limit 10 bandwidth remaining percent 10 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q2 queue-limit 20 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q6 queue-limit 10 bandwidth remaining percent 10 class type queuing 8q2t-in-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth percent 50 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_IN

Type:Queuing

All Policy-Map and Service-Policy are done in relevant Payload-VDC and only affect the interface to which they get applied


Egress Queuing Configuration on M2 cardsExample (Payload-VDC)

114

Core policy-map type queuing PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_OUT class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-pq1 priority level 1 queue-limit percent 10 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q2 queue-limit percent 20 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q6 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth remaining percent 20 class type queuing 1p7q4t-out-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth remaining percent 40 ! interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing output PM_QUEUE_10G-40G-100G_OUT

Type:Queuing



Network-QoS Configuration on F2/F3-Series

115

vpc peer-link


Use the network-qos policy for 8e-4q4q i.e 4 ingress

queues

Type:

Network-QoS

Core


Network-QoS Configuration –F2/F3 cardsExample (Admin- / Default-VDC)

116

Core

system qos service-policy type network-qos default-nq-8e-4q4q-policy policy-map type network-qos default-nq-8e-4q4q-policy template 8e-4q4q class type network-qos c-nq-8e-4q4q match cos 0-7 congestion-control tail-drop mtu 1500

Type:

Network-qos

Admin-VDC

Admin-VDC



Queuing (F2/F3 cards)

117

vpc peer-link


Modify CoS to Queue mapping in

Admin-/Default-VDC

Type:Queuing

Assign a ingress policy-map for buffer allocation, no ingress

scheduling

Core

Assign a egress policy-map to each interface with priority, bandwidth and

queue-limit to alter default queuing policy


CoS to Queue Mapping – F2/F3 I/O ModuleExample

118


(Scheduling)-egress

Queue-Limit(Buffer)-ingress

Queue(Ingress/Egress)

Character

Best Effort 0,1 BW remaining

50%50%

4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default



2BW remaining

20%10%

4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3



30%30%

4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 / 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2


Strict Priority 5

Priority Queue 10%4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 /

1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1


Delay Sensitive

Network Control 6/7Low Volume / Very important


CoS to Queue Configuration –F2/F3 slidesExample (Admin- / Default-VDC)

119

Coreclass-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 match cos 5-7class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default match cos 0-1class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 match cos 3-4class-map type queuing match-any 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 match cos 2

class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1 match cos 5-7class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2 match cos 3-4class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3 match cos 2class-map type queuing match-any 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default match cos 0-1

Type:Queuing

Admin-VDC

Admin-VDC



Ingress Queuing Configuration for F2/F3 cardsExample (Payload-VDC)

120

Coreqos copy policy-map type queuing default-8e-4q4q-in-policy prefix Custom-

policy-map type queuing Custom-8e-4q4q-in class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q1 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q-default queue-limit percent 50 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q3 queue-limit percent 30 bandwidth percent 25 class type queuing 4q1t-8e-4q4q-in-q4 queue-limit percent 10 bandwidth percent 25

interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing input Custom-8e-4q4q-in

Type:Queuing



Egress Queuing Configuration for F2/F3 cards Example (Payload-VDC)

121

Core

qos copy policy-map type queuing default-8e-4q4q-out-policy prefix Custom-

policy-map type queuing Custom-8e-4q4q-out class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-pq1 priority level 1 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q2 bandwidth remaining percent 30 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q3 bandwidth remaining percent 20 class type queuing 1p3q1t-8e-4q4q-out-q-default bandwidth remaining percent 50 !

interface Ethernet1/1 service-policy type queuing output Custom-8e-4q4q-out

Type:Queuing



CoS to Queue Mapping - Nexus 5600/6000Example

122



(Buffer)Queue

(6q1t / 1p6q0t)Character

Best Effort 0,1BW percent

40%remaining(226kByte)

qos-group 0 (default)High Volume / Less Important


2,3BW percent

20%41kByte qos-group 3


Multimedia 4BW percent

30%41kByte qos-group 4


Strict Priority 5BW percent

10%20kByte

(min)qos-group5 / priority


Delay Sensitive



Egress Queuing Configuration: Nexus5600Example

123

Core class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5 ! policy-map type queuing PM_QUEUING_SYSTEM_OUT class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 bandwidth percent 30 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 priority bandwidth percent 10 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 40

Type:Queuing


Queue-Limit (Buffer) ConfigurationExample

124

Core policy-map type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG3_COS2 set cos 2 queue-limit 40960 bytes class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG4_COS4 set cos 4 queue-limit 40960 bytes class type network-qos CM_N-QOS_MATCH_QG5_COS5 set cos 5 queue-limit 20480 bytes class type network-qos class-default

system qos service-policy type network-qos PM_N-QOS_SYSTEM

Type:

Network-QoS


Queuing: Nexus 2000

125

vpc peer-link


Type:Queuing

Queuing on NIF controlled by Fabric

Interface INPUT policy

Core

Queuing on NIF (multiple no-drop queues) only

available with CoS based marking on HIF


Queuing Configuration (Nexus 2000)Example

126

Core class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 match qos-group 3 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 match qos-group 4 class-map type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 match qos-group 5 ! policy-map type queuing PM_QUEUING_SYSTEM_N2K class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG3_COS2 bandwidth percent 20 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG4_COS4 bandwidth percent 30 class type queuing CM_Q_MATCH_QG5_COS5 priority bandwidth percent 10 class type queuing class-default bandwidth percent 40

Type:Queuing

Amount of Queues depend on FEX (Nexus 2000) Model





• Nexus 7000/7700 QoS

• Nexus 5600/6000 QoS

• Nexus 2000 QoS


• Conclusion

127


Conclusion


Why QoS in the Data Center?

129

Assign Color to Traffic

Maximize Throughput

ManageCongestion


Maximize Throughput and Manage Congestion!


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Documents

End-to-End QoS Implementation and Operation with Cisco Nexus Rohan Grover @mountainviewer Technical Marketing Manager