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Multi purpose river projects and Integrated water resources ManagementStd X CBSE
As per NCERT geography textbookContemporary India II
Dam it!
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Villagers downstream celebrated and set off
fireworks
October 1963
Dakotas of the Indian Air Force dipped their wings overhead.
Pundit Nehru flicked on the switch of the powerhouse
and opened the sluice gates of the dam.
In his speech dedicating the dam to the nation,he called dams as the
Temple of modern India
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Bhakra Dam
Which project are we talking about?
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Was this the first water regulating structure to
be built in India?
Photo by Claire Arni and Oriole Henri
The Grand Anicut was built during the Chola Dynastyin the 1st / 2nd century A.D. to harness the waters of the
riverCauvery.
Made of stone, it is as long as 3 football fields
It is the oldest water regulating structure and is still
very much in use.
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A dam is a barrier across flowing water
It obstructs, directs, or retards the flow of water. It usually creates a reservoir
Surplus water flows out overspillways
Sluice / Radial Gatescontrol the flow of water downstream (most gates today
are radial gates)
Power House
Long Distance Power Lines
Generator
Intake
Gate
Spillways
River
River
Reservoir
Turbine
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Based on size Large dams (>15 meters)Major dams (over 150 meters in height)Sometimes also classified as low, medium and high.
Based on structure and material used Timber dams,
Arch gravity dams, Embankment dams or Masonry dams,
with several sub types.
Based on purpose- Saddle dam, Dry dam, Diversion dam
Classification of Dams
Why do you think dams are broaderat the bottom than at the top?
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Multi-purpose river projects
Earlier water regulating structures impounded water forirrigation
Today, as the name suggests they are
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Tehri
Power
Irrigation
DomesticWater Supply
Flood Control
1204 MW
1181MW
815.6 MW
1920 MW
Kutch ,Saurashtra
10 million acres in Punjab,Himachal Pradesh, Delhi,Haryana and Rajasthan
270 million gallons of drinking waterper day to the industrialized areas of
Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand
controls flooding of thelower delta region by theMahanadi river
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Tehri
Inland Navigation
Recreation
Fish Breedingdiverts water from theGanga into the Hooglyduring the dry season toflush out accumulated siltand allow navigationthrough the Hoogly intothe port of Kolkata
water-skiing, sailing,kayaking, speed boatingand water scooter racing
fifty one species and sub
species of fish. Also a waterfowl refuge
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Temples of modern Indiaindustries
hydropower for
electricity
livelihood +
fishing
irrigation
water supply
Inland Navigation
Flood Control
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Temples of modern India?
Evaporation,
Green House
Gas emission
Displacement of local tribes
Destruction of historicaland archaeological sites
Loss of natural biodiversity
Loss of Livelihood
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Fragmentation of river ecosystems and
Impacts biodiversity
Barrier for movement of migratory fish like the
salmon, thereby affecting its population
Reduction in natural biodiversity along
riverbanks due to reduced
natural flooding
Alters water temperature downstream,
affecting plant and animal life in the
reservoir and the river
Temples of modern India?
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Reservoir Sedimentation
Sediments that naturally flow in a river are blocked
Reservoir storage capacity reduces
Power generation and water availability reduces
Downstream erosionLesser sediments reach downstream
Water flow eats into riverbed and shore (erosion)
affects biodiversity in and along the river and
increases coastal erosion
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Temples of modern India?
Cropping patterns changed to more
water intensive crops affects soil quality
Inter-state water disputes
Maharastra vs. Karnataka and AP
Karnataka vs. TN
Between farmers and urban areas
Sabarmati basin
Cauvery basin
Water disputes
Other social and ecological impacts:
But are water disputes caused by a mismatch in
demand and supply? Do dams actually ease
disputes by providing water during lean periods?
Debate this in class.
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the disputes.
Lets play a game
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Divide the class into 5 teams
Draw as many dashes as in the name of a dam / reservoir / barrage.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Team A starts. They guess a letter. The teacher puts in the letter at the
correct place, if it is there in the name of the dam. Else, the letter iswritten down on one side.
A maximum of 10 wrong guesses are allowed.
The team gets as many points as letters on the side (maximum of 10).
The team with the lowest number of points wins
Hangman
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Point the correct position
of the dam/ reservoir /
barrage on the map and
get 2 points reduced from
your points tally
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Activity 1
A bench of 5 Supreme Court Judges
A person who will lose his home and lands by construction of a dam
A passionate environmentalist
A farmer downstream, plagued by seasonal floods and drought
An industrialist
A politician from a nearby urban constituency
Assign the following roles to students
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Activity 1
Select a river in your state
Let each party put forward their views on the construction of a
multi-purpose river project that will directly affect them
Let each party also put forth solutions for opposing factions
The judges can take a decision on the project depending
on the case put forth
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Activity 2
Divide the class into 2 teams
Discuss the pros and cons of the dam built at Tehri or Koyna
(let the students research the facts before the classroom discussion)