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Elementary ScienceScience Focus LessonGrade 5 Week 8

Week 8 SC.H.1.2.2Benchmark: The student knows that a successful method to explore the natural world is to observe and record and then analyze and communicate the results.

Essential Question:How do scientists use the scientific method to help them explore the natural world?

Vocabulary:Scientific Method Hypothesis Variable Constant DataAnalyze Conclusion

Observe the Natural World Ask QuestionsDesign an Experiment(Materials List Variable/Constant/Control)Purpose/HypothesisProcedure/Step by Step InstructionsCollect/Record/Graph DATAAnalyzing Data/ConclusionCommunicate ResultsSteps in the Scientific Process

Many observations of the natural world lead to questions. Good questions lead to forming a hypothesis on a specific idea that can be tested. Designing an experiment requires you to think about what materials you will need in order to do the experiment, Along with identifying the variable, constant and control. As a scientist you need to write step by step instructions that others can repeat. Next as you complete your experiment, you will collect, record and graph the data. When you analyze your data, you are looking for patterns or trends. Based on what you find, you decide if your data supports or does not support your hypothesis. Finally you share your results with others. 3Asking QuestionsNot all questions are questions can be answered by the scientific method. For an experiment, we need to ask a question about things you can observe or test. An experiment is a scientific investigation that tests a hypothesis.

A hypothesis is an idea that can be tested by an experiment or an observation. It is not a guess. A hypothesis is what you believe will happen based on your research and what you already know.

Which would make a good scientific question that can be tested?1. How is the height of a ramp related to the speed of a toy car?4. How much height does a ball lose with each bounce?2. What is your favorite time of day?3. How can you make a model of a volcano? YES!!!!NO!!No!!!!Yes!!4Designing a Fair TestSuppose your class is going to have a race. We want to see who runs faster, the girls or the boys. Heres the rules for the girls.Each girl will get to run 3 times and use her best time.

Girls will wear special tennis shoes.

Girls will run in the morning.

Girls will run 100 yards.

Heres the rules for the boys.Boys can run only once.

Boys must run barefoot.

Boys will run in the afternoon.

Boys will run 1000 yards.

Would this be a fair test???How would you make it a fair test?Talk with students about making the rules fair for the race.5Setting up a good experiment is like making fair rules for a game.

To keep an experiment fair, you must try to control all the variables. A variable is something that can change, or vary, in an experiment.

You want to only change the variable you are testing. This keeps the test fair.

On the next slide, compare a fair race to a fair experiment.Running ContestScience TermScience ProjectWho are faster runners, girls or boys?Question(Purpose)Which type of car will go fastest down the ramp?Choose a team to cheer for.HypothesisUsing knowledge from your research, predict which will be fastest.Make the contest rules.Test Plan(Procedures)Write a ProcedureGender (Boys vs. Girls)Independent Variable(Manipulated Variable)Type of carStudents same age.Constant Variable(Factors held constant,Controlled Variables)Same height for ramp.Everyone runs the same distance.Constant VariableSame material used for ramp.Everyone has the same amount of warm-up time.Constant VariableTimed the same wayUse the same number of boys vs. girls.Constant VariableSame stopwatch keeper for each trial.The time it took each runner to get to the finished line.Dependent Variable(Responding Variable)The time it took for each car to cross the finish line.Five trials for each runner.Repeated TrailsFive trails for each car.Trial times for each runner are recorded immediately in same place.Collect the dataAll data and observations are written in the Daily Log right away.7SummarizingIn your science notebook write the answer to the question below.How is designing an experiment like making rules for a game?

To make a good plan you will need toMake a list of materials you will need. You will also identify the variable, constant and control.List each step you will take to complete your experiment. Make certain you are specific enough so someone else can replicate the experiment.In your journal create a place to record and graph the data you collect.

Variable The one "thing" you change on purpose in an experiment. Constants Factors that are held constant throughout the experiment.Control The control in an investigation is the trial done without changing the original factors. Not all experiments have a control.

9Making Scientific ObservationsOnce we have a good plan, now we are ready to make observations and collect data.Scientists use tools to make observations and collect data. Scientists are trained observers.

What is a scientific observation? It is an observation that everyone agrees on. Using specific tools, along with your senses, we make observations.

Talk to your shoulder partner.Is the example below a good observation or a poor observation? Why?

The plant is a weird shape with a lot of leaves. The color is pretty.

The observation is a poor scientific investigation because it is nonspecific. A good observation might be the plant is 4 meters in height. It has 6 leaves per stem.Using tools to make observationsTools help you make scientific observations beyond those you could make with just your senses.

Talk to your shoulder partnerLets see what you know. Discuss several science tools and what they measure.

Tools to consider: Triple Beam Balance Mass Scale weight Thermometer temperature Beaker volume Graduated Cylinder volume Ruler lengthstopwatch - time11DataDataDataGraphing the data collected will sometimes make it easier to identify trends or patterns. When you analyze data, you are trying to uncover patterns and trends in the data.A conclusion explains the patterns you see in the data. Our conclusion will either support our hypothesis or not support it. Either way, we have learned important information.

Data collection is the systematic recording of information; data analysis involves working to uncover patterns and trends in data sets; data interpretation involves explaining those patterns and trends.

Scientists interpret data based on their background knowledge and experience, thus different scientists can interpret the same data in different ways.

By publishing their data and the techniques they used to analyze and interpret that data, scientists give the community the opportunity to both review the data and use it in future research. Communicate the results

An important part of the Scientific Method is sharing your results with others. One persons discovery can lead to new discoveries by others.

Scientists communicate their results by publishing them in scientific journals. Other scientists can replicate their experiments to confirm they get the same results. If many people get the same results, everyone can be pretty sure the results are correct.

What are some ways you can share your results with others?Ways to share your resultsYou can give an oral report.You can do a written report for others to read.You can make a display of your results for other students and your parents.You can post your report on a computer.

Summarizing

In your Science notebook, explain why it is important for scientists to share information about their experiments.

Think, Pair, ShareAs a review from yesterday, discuss the scientific process. Explain why it is important to share the results.

Place these words in the order of the scientific process. Conclusion Communicate

ResultObserveAsk QuestionsAnalyze Data Purpose/Hypothesis Procedure Design an ExperimentCollect Data

Observe (the natural world) - Ask questions Purpose/Hypothesis Design an Experiment Procedure Collect data Analyze data Conclusion Communicate Results

171. Shelby wants to know what type of bird comes to the feederoutside her window most often. She observes the bird feeder foran hour at the same time each day.

What else should she do to draw an accurate conclusion?

A. write down how long each bird stays at the feederB. put up two more bird feedersC. count and record the number and type of birds she seesD. measure the amount of seeds the birds eat

Complete together.182. Danielle wants to investigate how high a ball bounces when it is dropped from different heights. What should she do first?

create a hypothesis and write it down in a lab book

determine what heights the ball will be dropped from

record how high the ball bounces when dropped from different heights

write in her lab book about possible sources of error in the experiment

Patrick is conducting an investigation to find out how the shape of a seed affects how fast it falls to the ground. Patrick has a question and formed a hypothesis. He has also designed an experiment to test his hypothesis. What should he do next?

A. Communicate his findingsB. Make observationsC. Draw conclusionsD. Analyze his data

Check your work1. C . count and record the number and type of birds she sees

2. A. create a hypothesis and write it down in a lab book

3. B. Make observations

It is very important to collect and record data in order to form accurate conclusions. 21Answer the Essential Question for the lesson in your Science notebook.

Essential Question:

How do scientists use the scientific method to help them explore the natural world?

Summarizing

Check Your Understanding1. Jamie did an experiment to find out whether cola, diet cola, or water would freeze quickest. She poured three equal amounts of eachliquid into paper cups and put all the cups in the same freezer. Thenshe timed how long it took the liquid in each cup to freeze.

What should Jamie do to analyze her data?

A. find the average time it took each liquid to freezeB. look at her data and estimate the answerC. repeat the experiment two more timesD. conduct another experiment with other liquids

2. Emma has done the experiment for her science fair project and has collected her data.

What should she do next?

A. change any of her data that is different from the restB. analyze her data to draw a conclusionC. write a new hypothesis to agree with her dataD. estimate some additional data to make her conclusion stronger3. A researcher has completed several experiments to test a new medicine, and his conclusions show that he might have found a cure for a serious disease.

What is the next thing the researcher should do?

A. communicate his results to other scientists so they can repeat his experimentsB. make sure no other researchers know about his results so he can become famousC. tell other scientists his experiments were not successful so they will do their own experimentsD. refuse to share his data with anyone because they might not agree with him4. A scientist wants to learn more about the behavior of pelicans in Florida.

Which of the following would be the BEST way for the scientist to study pelican behavior?

A. make a hypothesis, observe the pelicans in their Natural environment in Florida, and record behaviors that agree with the hypothesisB. read books about pelicans that live in many different states and draw conclusions from her readingC use the information she knows about pelicans to write down how she thinks pelicans should behaveD. observe pelicans in their natural environment in Florida, record all behaviors she observes, and analyze her observationsCheck Your Answers1. A. find the average time it took each liquid to freeze2. B. analyze her data to draw a conclusion3. A. communicate his results to other scientists so they can repeat his experiments4. D. observe pelicans in their natural environment in Florida, record all behaviors she observes, and analyze her observations

Write in your Science Notebook

3 questions you could plan an experiment around

2 examples of a good observation

1 way you can share results from an experiment

Summarizing

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