C1 : OBSERVING
a)Identify the general characteristics of
a group of items
b)Identify characteristic & quality of
certain concept
c)Identify unique or different
characteristic
d)State the differences & similarities
e)State the changes occurred
phenomenon occurred ( C8b )
C 2 : CLASSIFYING
a)Identify the differences and
similarities (C1d)
b)Classify according to common
characteristics
c)Use other criteria to group objects
d)Explain method of classification used
(same as b)
C 3 : MEASURING AND USING NUMBERS
a)Count and compare items
quantitatively in different groups
b)Use numbers to record phenomenon
c)Compare objects using numbers
d)Use the right apparatus
e)Record reading
f)Use standard unit (SI) ( any
appropriate units)
C 4 : MAKING INFERENCES (INFERRING)
a)Make various possible interpretations
from an observation using past
experiences (2 or > interpretations)
b)Use information from an observation
to make an initial conclusion (C8a)
c)Use the inference made as a tool to
determine the following observation
C 5 : PREDICTING ( a&b _ look in table)
a)Use the previous or present data to
predict a possible occurrence.
b)Use pattern as evidence in making
prediction.
c)Determine the possible outcome from
any activity. (predicting statement)
d)Verify prediction based on a set of
data of past experience
(Use dotted line to show prediction
on graph)
C 6 : COMMUNICATING (Usually found in diagram, table, graph)
a) Identify the general characteristic of a
group of item.
b) Explain ideas (orally / written).
c) Record information.
d) Choose the suitable method.
e) Prepare and plan required materials to be
used. (In displaying data! Use graph paper
to display graph)
C 7 : USING SPACE TIME RELATIONSHIP
a) State changes in parameters (e.g. Location,
direction, shape, mass) with time.
b) Arrange occurrence of phenomenon
chronologically. [in d table]
c) Determine magnitudes of changes based
on rate of changes.
d) Explain the relationship between the
changes in parameters and time.
C 8 : INTERPRETING DATA
a) Gather various data through observation.
(C4b)
b) Detect pattern from the information
gathered ( C1f )
c) State the relationship.
d) Make rational explanations based on the
data gathered.
C 9 : DEFINING OPERATIONALLY
a) Define concepts by describing what must be
done.(operation)
b) Define concepts by describing what should be observed.
C 10 : CONTROLLING VARIABLES
a) Determine the relevant variables in an
investigation
b) Determine the cV, mV and rV
c) Determine the appropriate action on the
mV (look in the procedure)
C 11 : MAKING HYPOTHESIS (HYPOTHESISING)
a) Identify mV & rV
b) Determine the relationship between mV & rV based on ( b)
ELEMENT 1 FOR PEKA ASSESSMENT SCIENCE PMR
