Electromobility for Heavy Duty Vehicles - … · Electromobility, Ola Styrenius . Volvo Group Trucks Technology xCCS is available for 7900 Electric. xCharging is done easily by plugging

Electromobility for Heavy Duty Vehicles

Volvo Group Truck Technology, Volvo Powertrain, AE Staffan Lundgren

Volvo Group Trucks Technology

2 March 24, 2017

Energy efficiency in four steps

xEnergy carrier

xEnergy usage

xEnergy recovery

xEnergy conversion

Electrification – zero or near zero emission LH

Diesel engine system efficiency

Autonomous drive

Digitalisation


3

Volvo Full Electric & Hybrids examples

ATR – AVP eMobility Program 3

Volvo Buses Full Electric & Hybrids x One charging station in each

end of the line x 12 m Electric Hybrid bus - 150

kW charging station x Artic and electric buses - 300

kW charging station


x Volvo 7900 Hybrid Top ranked in fuel efficiency and uptime.

x Volvo 7900 Hybrid Articulated Adds hybrid performance to high capacity routes and BRT systems.

x Volvo 7900 Electric Hybrid Runs on electricity up to 70% of the route, and charging is done during the operation.

x Volvo 7900 Electric Charging is done during the operation on the route. 100% emission free.

Volvo Bus 7900 range Transform your city

4 2017-02-06


Optimum vehicle based on the operation

5 2017-02-06 Electromobility, Ola Styrenius


Volvo Bus 7900 Hybrid

x More than 3,600 buses sold in 21 countries.

x Volvo hybrid product range: Hybrid and Articulated Hybrid.

x Reduces fuel consumption by up to 39%.*

x Reduces CO₂ by up to 39%.*

x Reduces hazardous emissions by close to 50%.

x Noise reduction at bus stops, silent take off in electric mode.

.

Offering - Reduce fuel consumption up to 39%

* Compared to a Euro 6 diesel bus.

6 2017-02-06

Electromobility, Ola Styrenius


Volvo Bus 7900 Electric Hybrid

x Buses in regular operation in Gothenburg, Hamburg, Namur, city of Luxembourg.

x Allows indoor bus stops and operation in sensitive city centre areas.

x Runs in electric mode for up to 70% of the route – quietly and emission-free.

x Up to 75% fuel savings* and lower exhaust emissions.

x 60% total energy savings.

x Fast charging at bus terminal in just a few minutes.

Offering – Total energy savings 60%


7 2017-02-06



Total energy savings

• Zero emissions when using renewable electricity.

• 80% energy savings.*

• Runs on electricity the whole route, silently and emission-free.

• Suitable for shorter routes in the city centre.

• Flexible urban planning.

Volvo Bus 7900 Electric


80%

8 2017-02-06


x Advanced Driver support systems

x Superior braking system with electronically controlled disc brakes (ABS, EBS)

x World-class driver’s environment with visibility, superior HMI and minimised distraction

x Volvo I-Coaching

x Volvo Buses’ driver training

Driver in control

9 2017-02-06



Driveline Common driveline for Hybrid and Electric Hybrid

10

I-Shift AT2412E gearbox 12 gears

Electrical machine generator/motor

800 Nm, 110 kW for 4x2 1200 Nm, 130 kW for Artic/Electric Hybrid

D5K240 diesel engine 918 Nm, 177 kW, 240 Hp

Euro 6 Compatible

Power electronics Electric Motor Drive

(EMD)

2017-02-06



Charging solutions for Volvo Electric Buses

x Volvo work directly with city stakeholders to implement new transport solutions based on electric vehicles.

x A complete system including vehicles, charging infrastructure and information services.

x Two different charging systems available: OPPCharge and CCS

11 2017-02-06



Bus charging schemes

Opportunity charging Depot charging

Buses operate on pre-defined routes, performing mass transportation with round the clock operation. Bus battery energy capacity impact the passenger capacity (range flexibility vs. transport capacity). Charging schemes will vary for different operations. Electric grid considerations are important.

Different customer operations (routes & operating conditions) will require different mix of energy storage capacity and charging methods

12 2017-02-06 Electromobility, Ola Styrenius


Bus charging schemes

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Time (h)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Time (h)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Time (h)

14 2017-02-06


x The bus is automatically charged on route and in depot through the OPPCharge System.

x The Electric offers an extremely flexible charging pattern, with charging at end stops and/or in the depot.

x Silent and clean

OPPCharge Electric Hybrid and Electric

15 2017-02-06



x Open architecture means simple adaptations and freedom in choosing supplier of electrical equipment.

x Volvo is one of the main drivers behind the open architecture OPPCharge, a charging system and charging interface agreed on and recommended by the industry.

x Volvo cooperates with several leading suppliers of equipment for electrical power distribution.

x For more information https://www.oppcharge.org/

OPPCharge Open architecture

16 2017-02-06



x CCS is available for 7900 Electric.

x Charging is done easily by plugging in the connector manually to the vehicle.

x With this system, front charging comes as standard. For extra flexibility, side and rear charging are optional features.

x European Standard Connector

Combined Charging system (CCS) Electric

17 2017-02-06



18

Hybridisation Enables Efficient Trucks

ATR – AVP eMobility Program

Volvo Concept Truck: Electric hybrid powertrain • Recovers energy when driving downhill on slopes

steeper than one per cent, or when braking. • An enhanced version of Volvo Trucks' driver

support system I-See. • Using an advanced algorithm, based on the

road's elevation and expected speed, • The system calculates the most economical

and efficient use of both the diesel engine and the electric motor, as well as the optimal times to use the recovered energy.

• In long haul transportation the hybrid powertrain allow the combustion engine to be shut off 30 % of driving time.

• This saves between 5-10 per cent in fuel, depending on the vehicle and its drive cycle.

VIDEO


19

Electrification & Automation yield energy and operational efficiency


• The LX1 electric hybrid wheel loader can deliver up to a 50% improvement in fuel efficiency.

• The machine also offers a significant reduction in emissions and noise pollution compared to its conventional counterparts

VIDEO


20 March 24, 2017

Energy efficiency in four steps

xEnergy carrier

xEnergy usage

xEnergy recovery

xEnergy conversion

Electrification – zero or near zero emission LH

Diesel engine system efficiency

Autonomous drive

Digitalisation

Many Elctrification alternatives

More than one solar energy path


Solar energy boom Three pathway at least?

21 Date

CH

H2

80% efficiency in prototype plants claimed


22 March 24, 2017

Addressing the CO2 challenge Long term energy supply

H2

Electricity Electric roads

Renewables HxCx


Batteries: Maturity of technology. x Li-ion battery (graphite or silicon anode & liquid

electrolyte chemistry is evolving continuously but:

– Energy density slight increase, power cells closing up to energy cell

– Significant price drop, Durability increases

– Quality in layer production & control strategies improves

23 Date

Fuel cells vs. batteries for electrical vehicle

Anode material: Natural & Artificial graphite

or Silicon

Cathode material: NCA – Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2); NMC (NCM) – Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (LiNiCoMnO2); LFP – Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4); LMO – Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4); LCO – Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2).

Electrolyte material:

Liquid electrolyte: Solid eletrolytes?

Lithium salt in an organic solvent

E.g.: LiPF6

In ethylene carbonate

Production 2016: 104 GWh


Solid-state batteries Many actors, e.g. Imec and Panasonic. Could this yield a significant step in power density?

How:

x Leverage state-of-the-art semiconductor knowledge.

x Novel solid nano-composite electrolyte (SCE) which is deposited from solution.

x The wet chemical preparation route allows the solid-state electrolyte to be casted into powder electrodes, where it solidifies while remaining mechanically pliable.

x This paves the way to batteries in flexible form factors.

What:

x A mesoporous silica monolith functionalized with specific surface chemistry and ionic salts.

x It has achieved Li-ion conductivities of 3 to 10 mS/cm at room temperature! which is exceptionally high for solid electrolytes applied via wet chemical coating.

x Demonstrated rechargeable solid-state Li-ion batteries with lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) as negative electrode and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as positive electrode.”

x Results presented at 58th Battery Conference in Fukuoka (Japan) (November 14-16), in the international

ATR MT Strategy Meeting - Sep 2016 24


25 Date

Fuel cells similar batteries ?

x Other technologies:

– Flow batteries: Power density, complexity of charging stations

– Lithium-Air ???


Fuel cells: Maturity of technology. x Two main technologies;

– Proton Exchange Membrane and Solid Oxide: PEM and SOFC

PEM run on pure H2 (very sensitive to Sulphur) (system eff. 50-55%)

x Durability: High load ~ 5000 hours, steady state load ~10-20 000 hours (PowerCell)

x In small /medium volume production: Toyota, Hyundai Power cell, etc

x Very few membrane (MEA) suppliers, more integrators

SOFC run on Hydro Carbon fuel (Methane w. mild reforming) (system eff. 50-60%)

x Durability: less mature , but 40 000 power plant applications

x In small volume production for Nissan with Ethanol as fuel

x Limited number of solid electrolyte producers

26 Date

Fuel cells ?


27

Storage of Hydrogen 350 or 700 bar

Liquid tanks

Molecule carrier tanks – re-fueling

Power density (700 Bar)

CO2 aspects = to Energy aspects


28

Nikola One fuel cell


Fans keep the truck, batteries, cab, fuel cell, motors

320 kilowatt hour (kWh) battery pack.

Power Electronics, 800 V 200 kW Fuel cell

300 kW High pressure tanks 1200 miles

Double electric motor (Meritor?) & gear box 4 motors (1000 Hp)

Aluminium Fifth wheel

Front wheel drive Two motors & gearbox Torque vectoring .

Tanks Battery Fuel cell Power Electronics Front wheel drive???

x 2 Mirai 114 kW: 228 kW fuel cell

– Cell power density 3,1kW/ liter

– Voltage step-up transformer

– Electric motor: 670 horsepower and 1325 pound feet of torque

x Battery buffer 12kWh

x Weight capacity is 80,000 lbs.

x 70 Mpa Carbon fiber reinforced tanks

x Driving range is 200 miles ~32 EU mil per fill – (Passenger car Mirai: Fuel consumption

equivalent 3,5 L /100 km ~ equal to normal hybrid car)

Toyota fuel cell

Fuel Cell Truck examples

A battery buffer between the fuel cell and electric engine is essential for durability


29

Example: Swiss Coop/Hydrogen, Powercell 100 kW Prototype

Swiss Coop: • 34 tons max Weight • Fuel cell: 100 kW, 55% efficiency • 250 kW Electric motor • 120 kWh Battery • Storage cooler APU: el driven • 400 km H2-range • H2 tanks: 7 unit 350 bar • H2 Capacity of 34,5 kg. Refuling10 min

Passenger car application


30

New Electric powertrain technology and its Infrastructure dependence, based on Solar-el power base

”Zero emissions”, (zero or H2O) ”Near zero emissions” (Calif. emissions + renewable CO2

)

Plug-in charging

El- roads

H2 production

filling station

H-carrier Production

/filling station

Large battery

Small battery

Pick-up

H2 tanks

Fuel tank

Return tank e.g. Barium-Hydroxide Methanol-Amin Hydrogen-Peroxide

Electric Propulsion only

(Serial)

Solar electric to Methane base

LNG tank

CNG tank

Methane production

(Light weight)

~30%

~5%

~ 5%

~ 10% ~ 10%

PEM Fuel Cell

SOFC Fuel Cell

~ 50%

~ 50%

~5-10%

~3%

~30%

~30%

~30-50%

Solar electric base

Battery ~ 10-20%


31

”Zero emissions”, (zero or H2O) ”Near zero emissions” (Calif. emissions + renewable CO2

)

Plug-in charging

El- roads

H2 production

filling station

H-carrier Production

/filling station

Large battery

Small battery

Pick-up

H2 tanks

Fuel tank

Return tank e.g. Barium-Hydroxide Methanol-Amin Hydrogen-Peroxide

Electric Propulsion only

(Serial)

Solar electric to Methane base

LNG tank

CNG tank

Methane production

(Light weight)

~30%

~5%

~ 5%

~ 10% ~ 10%

PEM Fuel Cell

SOFC Fuel Cell

~ 50%

~ 50%

~5-10%

~3%

~30%

~30%

~30-50%

Solar electric base

Battery ~ 10-20%

ICE

TWC Lambda=1

Methanol tank

Ethanol tank

Medium battery

Methane based

production ~30% ~ 10%

~ 40%

New Electric powertrain technology and its Infrastructure dependence, based on Solar-el power base


BEV Long haul Truck are possible!

(Large battery make Installation limitations vs US tractor possibility)

EU operation example 300 km range, charging at lunch 18-28 min

Battery size example:

• 450 kWh usable, @ 120 kW average use • 643 to 900 kWh need for energy or power

optimized battery �2,5 to3,6 M3 and 6,4 - 9 ton weight

Picture of Tesla Tractor for US market

Claes Nilsson, President Volvo Trucks, commented on the announcement:

x “Electromobility is fully in line with Volvo Truck’s long term commitment for sustainable urban development and zero emissions.

x We belive in full electrification for urban distribution as a first step. However we are working with electrification for other transport applications. This is only the beginning.

Battery evolution defines


Example: Electrification of the railway. From steam to Electrification…

x Rapid growth timing ~1890- ~1920 : ~30 Years

x Electric standard still not in place..

x Electrification still not complete!

x Combustion engines are still as of Today propelling 40% of the operations….

33

In summary 1: Transitions takes time when infrastructure is involved….

Modern train engine



35

Thanks for your attention!

Documents

Electromobility for Heavy Duty Vehicles - … · Electromobility, Ola Styrenius . Volvo Group Trucks Technology xCCS is available for 7900 Electric. xCharging is done easily by plugging