Elastisitas Permintaan untuk Berbagai Barang di Indones ia : Penerapan Metode F r i s ch *

O l e h B o e d i o n o

S u m m a r y

The principal aim of this paper is to show that it is possible to obtain a complete

elasticity matrix for various consumption demands (41 commodity groups) in Indone­

sia only by using the, already available data, in particular the published (cross sec­

tional) 1976 S u s e n a s data. The method used was first expounded by Ragnar Frisch

(1959), who showed that once we obtained the relevant set of income elasticities,

budget shares, and the so-called Frischs parameter, all other direct and cross price

elasticities could also be derived. This "trick" considerably reduces the data re-

quiremerit for econometric estimation of demand elasticities, which is a useful trick

when we are faced with scarcity of reasonably adequate time series data. The applicar

tion of the Frisch method to Indonesia yields 'reasonable' estimates of various relevant

elasticities of demarfd.

S e r i n g k a l i k i t a m e n d e n g a r b a h w a s e b a b u t a m a m e n g a p a s a m p a i s e k a r a n g

t i d a k b a n y a k k i t a j u m p a i t a k s i r a n - t a k s i r a n ' e m p i r i s d a r i e l a s t i s i t a s - e l a s -

t i s i t a s h a r g a d a r i p e r m i n t a a n a k a n b a r a n g - b a r a n g d i I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h

k a r e n a t i d a k t e r s e d i a n y a d a t a y a n g c o c o k u n t u k s t u d i s e m a c a m i t u .

K a r a n g a n i n i m e n c o b a m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a d e n g a n h a n y a m e n g g u n a k a n

d a t a y a n g m i n i m a l , k h u s u s n y a d a t a p o l a p e n g e l u a r a n k o n s u m s i r u m a h

t a n g g a ( S u s e n a s 1 9 7 6 d a n S u s e n a s 1 9 6 9 / 7 0 ) , k i t a b i s a m e n d a p a t k a n t a k s i r ­

a n u n t u k s e m u a e l a s t i s i t a s l i a r g a s e c a r a l e n g k a p . M e t o d e y a n g d i p a k a i d i

s i n i p e r t a m a k a l i d i u n g k a p k a n o l e h a h l i e k o n o m i N o r w e g i a p e m e n a n g

h a d i a h N o b e l , R a g n a r F r i s c h d a l a m t a h u n 1 9 5 9 . C i r i k h a s ' d a r i m e t o d e j n i

a d a l a h d i p e r l u k a n n y a d a t a y a n g j a u h l e b i h s e d i l J t d i b a n d i n g d e n g a n c a r a -

c a r a y a n g k o n v e n s i o n i l d a l a m e k o n o m e t r i , s e h i n g g a s a n g a t c o c o k u n t u k

d i t c r a p k a n p a d a n e g a r a - n e g a r a s e d a n g b e r k e m b a n g y a n g p a d a u m u m n y a

t i d a k m e m p u n y a i d a t a ^ d a t a s t a t i s t i k y a n g l e n g k a p . K e g u n a a n d a r i t a k s i r -

a n - t a k s i r a n e l a s t i s i t a s n a r g a , m a u p u n e l a s t i s i t a s p e n d a p a t a n t a k p e r l u d i -

• H a s i l - h a s i l y a n g d i l a p o r k a n d i s i n i a d a l a h s e b a g i a n d a r i h a s i l - h a s i l d a r i p r o y e k p e n e i i t i a n -y a n g l e b i h l u a s , y a n g b e r t u j u a n i n e m b u a t m o d e l p e r e k o n o m i a n I n d o n e s i a s e c a r a m e ­n y e l u r u h . P e r h i t u n g a n - p e r h i i u n g a n d i l a k u k a n ' p a d a P u s a t K o m p u t e r U n i v c r s i t a s G a d j a h M a d a . P e n u l i s b e r t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a D r . D o u g l a s M e d l e y a t a s s e g a l a b a n t u a n r i y a .

E K I , V O L . X X V I , N O . S, S E P T E M B E R 1978' 343

Y, ' I f i i y i ' . s - . j t i i j j I i - j A v ' J ' . t f " ", > • " 1 V •< -. !:'

t c k a n k a n l a g i . P r o y e k s i - p r o y e k s i d a n a n a l i s a - a n a l i s a k e b i j a k s a n a a n s e r i n g ­

k a l i h a r u s d i l a n d a s k a n p a d a k o n s e p - k o n s e p s e m a c a m i n i . D a n b i l a k i t a

t i d a k b i s a m e n j u m p a i t a k s i r a n m e n g e n a i p a r a m e t e r - p a r a m e t e r i n i k i t a

a k h i r n y a h a r u s m e n e r k a - n e r k a a t a u h a n y a m e n g a t n b i l t a k s i r a n y a n g t e l a h

d i h i t u n g u n t u k n e g a r a l a i n . S e d a n g k a n y a n g d i p e r l u k a n s e b e t u l n y a a d a l a h

t a k s i r a n y a n g m a n t a p y a n g d i h i t u n g d a r i d a t a - d a t a I n d o n e s i a .

M e t o d e F r i s c h - ?

D a r i t e o r i e k o n o m i k i t a m e n g e t a h u i b a h w a b e n t u k f u n g s i p e r m i n t a a n k o n ­s u m e n t e r g a n t u n g p a d a b e n t u k f u n g s i - g u n a ( u t i l i t y f u n c t i o n ) y a n g n i c -l a i i d a s i p e r i l a k u k o n s u m e n t e r s e b u t . D a r i b e r b a g a i b e n t u k f u n g s i - g u n a y a n g m e m e n u h i p e r s y a r a t a n - p e r s y a r a t a n t e o r i t i s a d a s a t u b e n t u k y a n g m e m p u n y a i k a r a k t e r i s t i k y a n g u n i k k a r e n a s a n g a t m e m p e r i n g a n t u g a s k i t a b i l a k i t a i n g i n m e n a k s i r s e c a r a e m p i r i s f u n g s i - f u n g s i p e r m i n t a a n y a n g d i ­t u r u n k a n d a r i p a d a n y a . F u n g s i - g u n a t e r s e b u t d i k a t a k a n m e m p u n y a i b e n ­t u k " p e n a m b a h a n l a n g s u n g " ( d i r e c t l y a d d i t i v e u t i l i t y f u n c t i o n ) d a n b e n ­t u k u m u m n y a a d a l a h :

U = U l ( X i ) + U j ( X j ) - + . . . + U n ( X n ) (1)

P a d a h a k e k a t n y a f u n g s i - g u n a s e m a c a m i n i m e n g g a m b a r k a n k e a d a a n d i

m a n a k e p u a s a n t a m b a h a n ( m a r g i n a l u t i l i t y ) y a n g d i p e r o l e h o l e h k o n ­

s u m e n d a r i k o n s u m s i n y a a k a n b a r a n g X i t i d a k d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h t i n g k a t

k o n s u m s i n y a a k a n b a r a n g X j ( i = j ) . S e b a g a i c o n t o h , k e p u a s a n t a m b a h a n

y a n g d i n i k i n a t i n y a d a r i s e p i r i n g n a s i g o r e n g ( X i ) t i d a k t e r g a n t u n g a p a k a h

i a s e d a n g m e n g e n a k a n s e p a t u b a r u ( X j ) a t a u t i d a k . P a r a a h l i n a m p a k n y a

m e n c a p a i k o n s e n s u s b a h w a a s a i s a j a k i t a m e n g g o l o n g k a n b a r a n g - b a r a n g

k o n s u m s i d a l a m k e i o t t i p o k - k e i o m p o k y a n g c u k u p b e s a r m a k a p e n g g u n a ­

a n b e n t u k f u n g s i - g u n a t e r s c b u t m u n g k i n t i d a k t e r l a l u m c m p c r k o s a r c a i i t a .

J a d i , m i s a l n y a k i t a t i d a k b o l e h m e n y e b u t X i s e b a g a i k o n s u m s i n a s i g o r e n g

d a n X j s e b a g a i k o n s u m s i n a s i g u l a i . D a l a m h a i i n i t e n t u s a j a k e p u a s a n

t a m b a h a n d a r i k o n s u m s i s a t u p i r i n g n a s i g o r e n g t e r g a n t u n g s e k a i i k e p a d a

b c r a p a b a n y a k n a s i g u i a i y a n g t e l a h m a s u k p e r u t k o n s u m e n k i t a i n i s e -

b e l u m i a m c n g l ^ o n s u m s i k a n s e p i r i n g n a s i g o r e n g t e r s e b u t . U n t u k b i s a

m e n g g u n a k a n f u n g s i - g u n a y a n g b c r b e n t u k " p e n a m b a h a n l a n g s u n g " t e r ­

s c b u t , p e n g g o i o n g a n b a r a r i g h a r u s c u k u p b e s a r , m i s a l n y a X 1 = m a k a n a n ,

X J = p a k a i a n , X , = p e r u m a h a n d a n s e t e r u s n y a .

A d a d u a h a i y a n g p e r i i i d i c a t a t m e n g e n a i s i f a t - s i f a t d a r i f u n g s i i n i .

Pertama, f u n g s i t e r s c b u t tidak b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n p e r s y a r a t a n - p e r s y a r a t ­

a n d a s a r d a r i s u a t u f u n g s i - g u n a , d a l a m t e o r i e k o n o m i . B e n t u k f u n g s i t e r ­

s e b u t m i s a l n y a m e m u n g k i n k a n a d a n y a k e p u a s a n t a m b a h a n y a n g m a k i n

3 4 6 E K I , V O L . X X V I , N O . S, S E P T E M B E R 1978

m e n u r u n ( d i m i n i s h i n g m a r g i n a l u t i l i t y ) d a n k e p u a s a n m a k s i m u m y a n g t a k

k i i n j i i n g t e r c a p a i ( n o n - s a t i e t y ) .

Kedua, b e n t u k f u n g s i - g u n a t e r s e b u t s a n g a t m e n y e d e r h a n a k a n p e n a k s i r a n

e m p i r i s d a r i p a r a m e t e r - p a r a m e t e r f u n g s i p e r m i n t a a n k o n s u m e n . I n i b i s a

k i t a l i h a t d e n g a n i n c m b a n d i n g k a n n y a d e n g a n b i l a k i t a m e n g g i m a k a n

f u n g s i - g u n a l a i n n y a . D a r i s u a t u f u n g s i - g u n a y a n g u m u m U = U ( X j , X j ,

. . . , X „ ) k i t a b i s a m e m p e r o l e h s a t u s e t f u n g s i p e r m i n t a a n u n t u k b a r a n g -

b a r a n g X ] , . . . , X n .

X , = F i ( h | i , h i 2 l i i n . K i )

X n = f „ ( h n | , h „ 2 , . . . , h „ n , g n )

i l l ] a d a l a l i p a r a m e t e r d a r i l i a r g a b a r a n g X j d a l a m f u n g s i p e r m i n t a a n X j ,

m i s a l n y a : k o e f i s i e n e l a s t i s i t a s s i l a n g a n t a r a h a r g a j d e n g a n k o n s u m s i i . g j

a d a l a h p a r a m e t e r d a r i p e n g e l u a r a n t o t a l d a l a m f u n g s i p e r m i n t a a n a k a n

l i a i a n g X j , m i s a l n y a : k o e f i s i e n e l a s t i s i t a s p e n d a p a t a n . J a d i d i s i n i a d a n ' +

n p a r a m e t e r y a n g h a r u s d i t a k s i r s e c a r a s c n d i r i - s e n d i r i . U n t u k n = l O s a j a

i n i h e r a i i i I t a h w a s e l i a n y a k 1 1 0 p a r a m e t e r h a r u s d i t a k s i r s c e a r a i n -

d e p e i u i e n . I n i a d a l a h s u a t u t u g - s y a n g s e r i n g k a l i m u s t a h i l u n t u k d i ­

l a k s a n a k a n , k e c u a l i a p a l d i a k i t a k e b e t u l a n m e m p u n y a i d a t a ( k h u s u s n y a

( l a t a time series) y a n g s a n g a t b a n y a k . F r i s c h m e n y a r a n k a n s u a t u j a l a n

k c l u a r . ' I a m e n u n j u k k a n b a i i . v a d e n g a n m e n g a m b i l s c i i a g a i t i t i k a w a l

f u n g s i - g u n a y a n g b c r b e n t u k " p e n a m b a h a n l a n g s u n g " , t e r n y a t a t u g a s p c -

n a k s i i a n e m p i r i s l i i s a s a n g a t d i p e r i n g a n . F s c n s i d a r i m e t o d e F r i s d i a d a l a l i

b a l i w a k i l a I i a n y a h a r u s m c n a k s i r s e b a n y a k 2 n -+ 1 p a r a m e t e r s e c a r a

l a n g s u n g , d a n p a r a m e t e r - p a r a m e t e r l a i n n y a ( s e b a n y a k n ' ) l i i s a d i t u r u n ­

k a n d a r i p a r a m e t e r - p a r a m e t e r t e r s e b u t . K e 2 n - i - 1 p a r a m e t e r y a n g h a r u s

d i t a k s i r s e c a r a l a n g s u n g ( y a i t u d a r i d a t a r i i l ) , a d a l a h :

( i ) k o e f i s i e n e l a s t i s i t a s p e n d a p a t a n u n t u k s e t i a p b a r a n g ( s e b a n y a k n

p a r . i m e t c r ) , 7 ) 1 ( 1 = 1 n )

( i i ) p r o M ' i i i a s e p e i i g e l u a r a i i i m i u k s e t i a p b a r a n g t i a r i p e n g e h u i r a i i t o t a l

( a t a u " l i t i d g e t s l i a r e s ) , s e l i a n y a k n p a r a m e t e r , a ; i ( i = 1 , . . . , n )

( i i i ) s a t u p a r a m e t e r l a g i y a h g d i s c b u t " p a r a m e t e r F r i s d i " , t o ,

S e m u a e l a s t i s i t a s l i a r g a ( s e b a n y a k n ' ) l i i s a d i p e r o l e h s e c a r a t i d a k l a n g s u n g .

I n i d i m u n g k i n k a n k a r e n a d a l a i n k a s u s f u n g s i " p e n a m b a l i a n l a n g s u n g " , s e ­

t i a p e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a m e m p u n y a i h u b u n g a n y a n g u n i k d e n g a n k e 2 n + !

p a r a m e t e r t a d i . H u b u n g a n - l i u b u n g a n i n i a d a l a h :

I R a n i i a r F r i v d i , " A C o i n p l c l r . S t l i c i n c l o r C o i n p i i l i i l K A l l D i r e c t a m ! C n w s D e i n a n c I K l a s l i i i l l f s i l l A M o d e l w i l l i M a n y S c c i o r s " Economelrica ( 1 9 . 5 9 ) .

t

(2)

E K I , V O L . X X V I , N O . S. S E P T E M B E R 1978 - 347

^ i i a d a i a h e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a s e n d i r i ( o w n - p r i c e e l a s t i c i t y ) u n t u k b a r a n g i ,

s e d a n g k a n £ i j a d a l a h e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a s i l a n g ( y a i t u p e n g a r u h p e r u b a h a n

l i a r g a b a r a n g j t e r h a d a p p e r m i n t a a n a k a n b a r a n g i ) . C a r a m e m p e r o l e h

h u b u n g a n - h u b u n g a n i n i d i s a j i k a n d a l a m i a m p i r a n d a l a m k a r a n g a n i n i .

K e u n t u n g a n m e t o d e i n i d a r i s e g i k e b u t u h a n d a t a a d a l a h s a n g a t b e s a r .

E l a s t i s i t a s p e n d a p a t a n u n t u k b e r b a g a i b a r a n g k o n s u m s i b i s a d i p e r o l e h d e - ^

n g a n m u d a h d a r i d a t a c r o j j section, s e p e r t i m i s a l n y a d a t a S u s e n a s . D a t a

" p r o s e n t a s e p e n g e l u a r a n " b i s a j u g a d i p e r o l e h d a r i s u m b e r y a n g s a m a , t e ­

t a p i b i s a j u g a d i p e r o l e h d a r i s u m b e r l a i n . D a l a m p e r h i t u n g a n e l a s t i s i t a s -

e i a s t i s i t a s h a r g a u n t u k I n d o n e s i a k i t a d i s i n i m e n g g u n a k a n d a t a " p r o s e n ­

t a s e p e n g e l u a r a n " ( b u d g e t s h a r e s ) d a r i t a b e l i n p u t - o u t p u t I n d o n e s i a t a h u n

1 9 7 1 . P a r a m e t e r F r i s d i m e m a n g a g a k s u l i t u n t u k d i t a k s i r s e c a r a l a n g s u n g

d a r i d a t a - d a t a e m p i r i s . D a r i L a m p i r a n k i t a k c t a h u i b a h w a p a r a m e t e r

F r i s c h ( w ) a d a l a h " e l a s t i s i t a s d a r i m a r g i n a l u t i l i t y d a r i u a n g ( X ) t e r h a d a p

p e r u b a h a n p e n g e l u a r a n t o t a l d a r i k o n s u m e n ( C ) . " ( L i l i a t L a m p i r a n , p e r ­

s a m a a n ( 1 6 ) . J e l a s k o n s e p i n i s u l i t u n t u k d i k a i t k a n l a n g s u n g d e n g a n d a t a -

d a t a o b s c r v a s i r i i l . U n t u n g n y a a d a i n t e r p r e t a s i l a i n y a n g b i s a d i k a i t k a n d e ­

n g a n d a t a o b s c r v a s i r i i l . I n t e r p r e t a s i d a r i p a r a m e t e r F r i s c h i n i a d a l a h s e ­

b a g a i b e r i k u t :

S a t u b e n t u k k h u s u s d a r i f u n g s i - g u n a y a n g s e r i n g d i p a k a i d a l a m p e n e i i t i a n

e m p i r i s a d a l a h :

U = / 3 , l o g X i + ( I j l o g X J + . . . 4 - ' ' . . i o g X „ (4)

P e r i i a t i k a n b a h w a b e n t u k f u n g s i i n i m a s i h t e r g o l o n g d a l a m g o l o n g a n

f u n g s i " p e n a m b a h a n l a n g s u n g " ( d i r e c t l y a d d i t i v e u t i l i t y f u n c t i o n ) y a n g k i ­

t a b i c a r a k a n d i a t a s , d e n g a n V; ( X j ) m e m p u n y a i b e n t u k k h u s u s ^ j l o g X ; .

K e i s t i m c w a a n d a r i f u n g s i - g u n a i n i a d a l a h b a h w a f u n g s i - f u n g s i p e r m i n t a ­

a n y a n g d i t u r u n k a n d a r i p a d a n y a b c r b e n t u k f u n g s i g a r i s i u r u s ( l i n i e r ) ,

F u i i g s i - f u t i g s i p c r t n i n t a a n s e p e r t i i n i t e r k e n a l d e n g a n s e b u t a n t l i e Linear

Expenditure System, dan scringkaW d i g u n a k a n p e n a k s i r a n e k o n o m e t r i d a r i

f u n g s i j i e r m i i i t a a i i . D i s i n i C a d a l a h p e n g e l u a r a n t o t a l d a r i k o i i s u n i c i i , P j

3 4 8 E K I , V O L . X X V I , N O . . 3 , S E P T E M B E R 1 9 7 8

a d a l a h l i a r g a d a r i b a r a n g i , X , a d a l a h j u m l a h b a r a n g i y a n g d i k o n s u m s i -

k a n ( c l i m i i i i a ) , 7 | o l e h S a m u e l s o n ( 1 9 4 7 - 1 9 4 8 ) d i s e b u t s e b a g a i j u m l a h

h a i a i i g i y a n g m i n i m a l d i l i u i u h k a n k o n s u m e n ( k o n s u m s i s u l i s i s t e n a t a u

k o n s i i i n s i t e r e n d a l i ) , d a n ^ P j T j a d a l a h p e n g e l u a r a n t o t a l y a n g d i p e r l u k a n

i i i u i i k m e m b e l i k e l i u t u h a n - k c b u t u h a n m i n i m a l i n i . ' D a r i p e r s a m a a n ( 5 )

k i l a l ) i s a m e m p e r o l e h r u m u s - r u m u s e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a d a n e l a s t i s i t a s p e n ­

d a p a t a n .

e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a s e n d i r i = - — • . • — — 1 P ; X .

. ( l - P i ) P i 7 i " - J

( 6 ) 1 — 1

e l a s t i s i t a s p e n d a p a t a n V: = 0- £l ' X i

S e k a r a n g k i t a k a i t k a n r u m u s - r u m u s i n i d e n g a n p e r s a m a a n ( 3 ) d i a t a s . D a r i

p e i s a m a a n ( 3 ) t e r s e b u t k i t a p e r o l e h

a , - V * Vi ca = —: C i i + a , - T l i

( 7 )

D r n q a i i m c i n a s i i k k a n r u m u s - r u m u s d a l a m ( 6 ) k e d a l a m p e r s a m a a n ( 7 ) k i t a m e n d a p a t ­

k a n

ca - - — ^ . • ^ ( 8 )

C , y a i t u " p e n g e l u a r a n t o t a l minimum" s e b a g a i p r o s e n t a s e d a r i

" p e n g e l u a r - a n t o t a l . " M c n a k s i r c o d e n g a n r u m u s ( 8 ) a d a l a h j a u h i e b i l i

m u d a h d a r i p a d a d e n g a n r u m u s ( 7 ) . i

. , , • * | ; ; IViu-i ' i ipan pnila Data Indones i a

P e r h i t i i n g i i n t e l a l t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n . m e t o d e F r i s c h u n t u k I n d o n e s i a s e ­

c a r a k e s e l u r u h a n ( d a e r a h k o t a d a n p e d e s a a n t i d a k d i b e d a k a n ) . P a d a p r i n -

s i p n y a m e t o d e i n i b i s a d i t c r a p k a n p a d a s e t i a p d a e r a h d i I n d o n e s i a y a n g

m e m p u n y a i d a t a - d a t a p o l a k o n s u m s i s e p e r t i y a n g d i j u r n p a i d a l a m

S u s e n a s . K l a s i f i k a s i b a r a n g - b a r a n g d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n k l a s i f i k a s i y a n g t e r ­

d a p a t p a d a T a b e l I n p u t - O u t p u t I n d o n e s i a 1 9 7 1 d e n g a n s e d i k i t p e n y e d e r -

l i a n a a n d a n p e n g c l o t n p o k a n k e m b a l i , n =« 4 1 . ( d a l a m t a h a p p e n e i i t i a n

2 P . A . S a m u e l s o n , " T h e I m p l i c a t i o n s o f ' L i n e a r i t y ' " , Review of Economic Studits ( 1 9 4 7 - 1 9 4 8 ) .

E K I , V O L . X X V I , N O . 3, S E P T E M B E R 1978

p e n u l i s y a n g l e b i h l a n j u t , t a k s i r a n - t a k s i r a n e l a s t i s i t a s p e r m i n t a a n i n i a k a n

d i k a i t k a n d e n g a n a n a l i s a I n p u t - O u t p u t ) . S u m b e r d a t a y a n g p a l i n g u t a m a

a d a l a h S u s e n a s 1 9 7 6 y a n g t e l a h d i t e r b i t k a n o l e h B i r o P u s a t S t a t i s t i k , d i

t n a n a p e r l u d i g u n a k a n j u g a d a t a S u s e n a s I 9 6 9 / I 9 7 0 . D a t a - d a t a i n i d i ­

g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g h i t u n g k o e f i s i e n - k o e f i s i e n e l a s t i s i t a s p e n d a p a t a n

d e n g a n m e m a k a i b e n t u k f u n g s i e l a s t i s i t a s k o n s t a n ( d o u b l e - l o g ) . P a r a ­

m e t e r F r i s c h d i t a k s i r d e n g a n r U m u s ( 8 ) d a r i d a t a S u s e n a s 1 9 7 6 . 2 ) i P i 7 i ,

p e n g e l u a r a n t o t a l m i n i m u t n , d i t a k s i r s e b e s a r R p . 3 . 8 0 8 , 1 2 p e r r u m a h t a t i g -

g a p e r b u i a n . A n g k a i n i a d a l a h a n g k a p e n g e l u a r a n r a t a - r a t a r u i n a i i t a n g ­

g a y a n g t e r m a s u k d a l a m g o l o n g a n p e n g e l u a r a n y a n g t e r e n d a h y a i t u y a n g

t e r c a k u p d i d a l a m k e i a s p e n g e l u a r a n d i b a w a h R p . 5 . 0 0 0 , — ( T a b e l 3 d a r i

S u s e n a s 1 9 7 6 — I n d o n e s i a , y a n g d i t e r b i t k a n o i e h - B P S ) . S e d a n g k a n C d i ­

t a k s i r s e b e s a r R p . 2 1 . 3 8 9 , 7 0 , y a n g m e r u p a k a n p e n g e l u a r a n r u m a h t a n g g a

p e r b u l a n r a t a - r a t a d a r i s e l u r u h s a m p l e ( T a b e l 3 , S u s e n a s 1 9 7 6 — I n d o n e ­

s i a , k o l o m t e r a k h i r ) . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n p a - a m e t e r F r i s c h ( c o ) m e m p u n y a i

n i l a i s e b e s a r — 1 . 2 1 6 5 9 7 . D a t a " p r o s e n t a s e p e n g e l u a r a n " ( b u d g e t s l i a r e s )

d i a m b i l d a r i T a b e l I n p u t - O u t p u t I n d o n e s i a 1 9 7 1 d e n g a n h a r g a p e i i i b e l i

( T a b c l B - I , k o l o m 3 0 1 ) .

H a s i l - h a s i l p e r h i t u n g a n d i s a j i k a n d a l a m T a b e l I d a n I I b e r i k u t i n i .

K h u s u s n y a u n t u k e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a ( T a b e l I I ) , h a r u s d i b a c a s e b a g a i b e r i k u t .

A n g k a y a n g t e r i e t a k p a d a b a r i s i d a n k o l o m j - a d a l a h e l a s t i s i t a s p e r m i n t a a n

a k a n b a r a n g n o m o r i t e r h a d a p p e r u b a h a n harga b a r a n g j . N o m o r u r u t d a ­

i i n a m a - n a m a b a r a n g - b a r a n g d i s a j i k a n d a l a m T a b e l I I I .

3 5 0 E K I , V O L . X X V I , N O . S, S E P T E M B E R 1978

T A B E L I Income Elasticities and Budget Shares

No. Income Elasticities Budget Shares

I 0 . 3 0 0 0 7 8 0 . 0 3 7 9 2 9

2 1 . 1 7 0 2 0 9 e\ / \ o t £ O 1 0 . 0 8 1 5 2 1

3 0 . 0 0 . 0

• 4 , 1 . 0 7 0 4 2 1 f\ oono o 1 O ' . 0 2 9 o 9 l

5 0 . 9 3 5 7 0 9 0 . 0 1 1 5 7 4

6 1 . 0 9 3 7 7 1 o ooo e n i 0 . 0 2 0 5 9 7

7 U./:iy^a:D n r\nf\ i l l

8 luo 1 03 U.U2oU05

9 U . U A A 1 B A t ^ O O . U I 3 4 b 2

10 : 1 . 2 7 1 0 0 5 n n c c n o i 0 . 0 6 6 2 3 7

I I U.U U.UUU44D

l a . U.o t ̂ / 0 3 A A9SQ41 1

IS A n U.U

A A U.U

14 A A U.U A A 0 . 0

15 1 . 2 5 2 5 4 5 0 . 0 4 5 5 6 0

16 A £BOCOA 0 , o 5 9 5 9 o

n oriA A C O - 0 . 2 2 0 4 6 8

17 1 i 1 t 979 1.4 1 I / / 2 A nOQ1AO u . U 2 y l u y

18 A OQQ99A U.237225 A AAAAO O 0 . 0 0 0 0 3 3

19 • A A 0 . 0 A 1r\AAA A A 0 . 0 0 0 4 4 4

20 : 1 99ft97C 1 . 2 2 5 2 / 0

A AA A AAA Q . 0 0 4 2 U 9

21 Z . 0 0 4 I 7 5 A AA Q O C O ' 0 . 0 0 3 3 6 8

22 A A 0 . 0

A AAAAAC 0 . 0 0 0 9 9 5

23 1 . 3 1 0 7 5 0 A At ^ t A O 0 . 0 6 7 1 4 2

24 • 1 . 0 3 6 4 6 2 A AA t e e n 0 . 0 0 4 5 6 2

25 0 . 0 A AAAAA J

0 . 0 0 0 0 0 4 26 e\ e\ i o o t t

0 . 9 4 8 8 1 7 A A A J 1 A

0 . 0 2 4 1 2 7 27 1 . 3 1 0 7 8 8 0 . 0 0 0 7 9 5

28 2 . 1 2 4 2 5 2 0 . 0 0 2 3 3 4

29 : ; 0 . 0 0 . 0

30 2 . 1 2 4 2 5 2 A AAOAtO

0 . 0 0 3 0 6 3 31 n 1 o A o c n

2 . 1 2 4 2 5 2 A A A O A O ^

0 . 0 2 3 9 8 7 32 O 1 O 4 O £ O

2 . 1 2 4 2 5 2 0 . 0 1 5 7 4 3

S3 9 1 92 919 A AAQ 0 AO 0 , 0 0 3 8 9 8

34 1 . 7 3 1 3 9 7 0 . 0 0 1 5 7 5

35 1 . 7 3 1 3 9 7 0 . 1 7 6 2 6 0

36 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 1 9

S7 . 0 . 9 3 5 7 0 9 - 0 . 0 2 8 2 7 8

38 v 2 . 1 2 4 2 5 2 . 0 . 0 0 3 5 1 7

39 1 . 3 4 9 2 6 6 0 . 0 0 4 4 0 9

40 0 . 0 0 . 0

4 1 0 . 0 0 . 0

»

E K I . V O L . X X V I . N O . 3, S E P T E M B E R 1978

5W • :-i-»:i»

T A B E L I I

Complete Price Elajt idty Matrix Using Frisch's Parameter - - 1 , 216597

101) 103) (OJ) ( 0 ) ) 10!) ( 0 6 ) ( 0 2 ) (06)

1 . -0.255228 -0.00093S 0.0 -0.001078 -O.0OO8O2 -0.000624 -O.0OOI76 0.006587 2 -O.0SJ4S7 -0.965508 0.0 ' -0.004208 -0.003127 -0.002433 -0.000686 0.025688 5 0.0 0.0 q . o 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 -0.OSO.559 -0.003S27 0.0 -0.8J3695 -0.002860 -0.002226 -0.000627 0.028497 i -0.026737 - 0 002909 0.0 -0.003361 -0.771621 -0.001946 -0.000548 0.020540 6 -O.05I255 -O.0OS400 0.0. -0.003928 -0.002923 -0.901316 -O.O5O641 0.024010 7' -O.00S550 -0.0009S0 0.0 -0.001075 M i . o o o s o p -0.000622 -0.246128 0.006568 S -0.06I95S -0.006 7 55 0.0 -0.007787 -0.005794 -0.004509 -0.001270 - 1 734574 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

10 -0.0S6317 -0.005951 0.0 -0.004565 -0.003396 -O.0O2643 -0.000745 0.027901 I I 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

. 12 -0.02S224 -0.002526 0.0 -0.002919 -0.002172 -0.001690 -0.000476 0 017842 IS 0.0 o . a 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 15 -0.0S5790 -O.0OS895 0.0 -0.004498 -0.003547 -0.002605 -O.0O07S4 0 027495 16 -0.019704 -0.002144 o . o -0.002477 -0.001843 -0.001434 -O.00O404 0015138 17 -0.040S2.5 -O.0O4S87 0.0 -0.005068 -0.0037 71 -0.002935 -0.000827 0050980 IS -0.0O855Q -O.0OO93O 0.0 -0.001075 - 0 . 00800 -0.000622 -0.000175 0.006568 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 20 -0 .0S50I I -O.0OSS09 0.0 -0.004401 -0.008274 -0.002548 -0.000718 0,025897 21 -0.059553 -0.006478 0.0 -0.007485 • - 0 005569 -0.004384 -0.001221 0045751 •22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 -0.057454 -0.004074 0.0 -0.004708 -0.003503 -0.002726 -0.000768 0.028774 24 -0.029616 -0.008222 0.0 -0.003722 -0.002770 -0.002155 -O.0OO607 0,022752 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0 0 26 -0.0271 I I -0.002949 0.0 -O.0OS4O8 • -0.002555 -0.001973 -0.000556 0.020828 27 -0.057454 -0.0O4074 0.0 -0.004708 -0.003503 - 0 002726 -0.000768 0 028774 2S -0.060698 -0.006603 0.0 -0.007629 - 0 005676 - 0 004417 -0.001245 0.016681 29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SO -0.060698 -0.0O660S 0.0 -0.007629 -0.005676 - 0 004417 -0.001245 0 046651 SI -0.060698 -0.006603 0.0 -0.007629 -0.005676 - 0 004417 -0.001245 0 046651 S2 -0.060698 -0.00660S 0.0 '-O.007629 -0.005676 -0,004417 -0.001245 0,046651 SS -0.060698 -0.006603 0.0 -0.007629 -0.005676 -0.004417 -0.001245 0.046651 S4 -0.049472 -0.005382 0.0 -0.006218 - 0 004627 -0.0O360O -0.001014 0.058007 S5 -0.049472 -0.005382 0.0 -0.0O62I8 -0.004627 -0.003600 -0.001014 0,058007 SO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 S7 -0,026737 -0.04)2909 0.0 -0.003861 -0.002500 -0.001946 -0.0OO548 0.020540 SS -0.060698 -0.006603 0.0 -O.0O7629 -0.005676 -0.004417 -0.001245 0 046631 39 -0.03S55S -0.004194 0.0 -0.004846 -0.003606 -0.002806 -0.000791 0.029619 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

352 E K I , V O L . X X V I , N O . 3 , S E P T E M B E R 1 9 7 8

S A M B U N G A N T A B E L 11 Complete Price Elasticity Matrix Using Frisch Parameter =» —1.216597

N: ( 0 9 ) ( 1 0 ) ( I I ) ( 1 3 ) ( l i ) ( H ) ( D ) ( 1 6 )

0 000889 —0.000134 _A A A 9 4 4 9 —U.UUiOOi 0.0 0.0 A 000404 \J ' V W 1 vJI

-0.028658 2 —0 01S7 55 A 005466

U. vUCtxUtl —0 000522 — U. VA/V/J i t.

—0.011238 0.0 0.0 0,001575 -0.111757 0 0 0 0 0 o " " 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0

4 rt n 1 Ai in —U.U 144 lU - 0 000477 A A1A97Q —U,U iU* F S

0 0 0 0 0 00144] -0.102227 5 A n1ocni A AAOlIO

U.UU2f 72 —0.000417 A AASQSJL 0.0 0.0 A AAI OSiA -0.089362

6 A n 1 i t o J —0-014724 A AAff tj A (A005240

—0.000487 A A 1ACAi —U.U IU3U4

0.0 0.0 0.001472 -0.104457 7 A AAA AOH A AAAfl at) A AAA 14 4

—U.WH) 1 33 —0.002874 A f W l i n 4 U.UUU4U3 -0,028576

8 A A<>A 1 0 fl —U-U2y Ioa

A AA/: A o « 0.0UO423

A AAADAit A A0A4'l<) A A 0.0

n A 0.0

0 0^2919 -0.207065 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0

10 A A 1 1 t t A —0-UI 7 1 10

— 1.040956 A AAACCt —0.UOU3OD A A1 lone 0.0 0.0 0.001 7 11 -0.121585 11 0.0 0,0 0.0 0 0 \'i - 0 1)1004 1 0.tH)240H -0.000362 -0,675870 0.0 0.0 0.001004 -0.077620 IS 0*0 0 0 0.0 0.0 O.Q 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 15 —0 016862 0 003710

Xi.vJVJIi 1 Iv —0 000558

V ' V n n i W v —0 012025 0.0 0.0 — 1.02786 -0.119620

i6 —0 000285 A 002045 U.UUiU43

—0 000507 VJ, VIV wVIJVi I

—n 006629 —U.UUDOii

0 0 0 0 0 000928 -0.632681 17 -0.018999 0.004180 -0.000629 -0.013553 0.0 0.0 0.002900 -0.184779 18 - 0 004028 0 000896

ViVJVW JV —0 000133 —0 002874 0.0 0.0 0 000403

VI, VVJVJtv.! J -0028576

19 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 - 0 016495

VI VI s \j V r j 0 003630 —0 000546

—SJ.VW JX u —0 011767 ^-\J-VJ 1 \ 1 V 1

0.0 0.0 0 001650 Ui W 1 VJV

-0.117016 21 -0.028057 0.006174 —0.000929 -0.020015 0.0 0.0 0,002806 -0.199042 22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 -0!o 17645 0.003883 - 0 000584 -0.012588 0.0 0.0 0.001765 -0.125182 24 -0.016963 0.005070 -0.000462 -0.009953 0.0 0.0 0.001395 -0.098984 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 -0.012773 0.002811 -0.000423 -0.009112 0.0 0,0 0.001277 -0.090615 27 -0.017646 0.003883 -0.000584 -0.012588 0.0 0.0 0.001765 -0.125182 28 -0.028597 0.006292 —0.000947 —0 020400 0.0 0.0 0 002860 -0.202889 29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SO -0.028597 0.006292 -0.000947 - 0 020400 0.0 0.0 0.002860 - 0 202869 SI -0.028.597 0 006292 -0.000947 -0.020400 0.0 0.0 0.002860 -0.202869 32 -0,028597 0 006292 -0.000947 -0.020400 0.0 0.0 0.002860 -0.202869 33 -0.028597 0.006292 -0.000947 -0.020400 0.0 0.0 0.002860 -0.202869 34 -0.023108 0.005129 - 0 000772 -0.016627 0.0 0.0 0.002331 -0.165551 35 - 0 023508 0.005129 -0.000772 -0.016627 0.0 0.0 0.002331 -0.165851 36 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37 -0.012597 0.O02772 -0.000417 -0.008986 0.0 0.0 0.001260 -0.089362 38 -0,028597 0.006292 -0.000947 -0.020400 0.0 0.0 0.002860 -0.202869 39 -0.018164 . 0.003997 -0.000601 -0.012957 0.0 0.0 0.001815 -0.12883 40 0.0 0.0 O.Q 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41 0.0 0.0 • 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Jv

s s s

S A M B U N G A N T A B E L I I Complete Price Elasticity Matrix Using Frisch's Parameter - - 1 . 2 1 6 S 0 7

v . . 117) ( I S ) f7W (30) ( 3 1 ) ( 3 3 ) ( 3 3 ) (36)

1 0.001398 -0.000007 -O.OOOISS 0.000009 0.000721 -O.0OO299 0.001560 -0.000209 2 0.005451 -0.000029 -0.0OO520 0.0O0035 0.0O28I1 -0.001166 0.006085 - 0 000790 J 0.0 0.0 0.0 ' . 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.004986 -0.000027 -0.000475 , 0.000052 0.002571 -0.001066 0.005564 -0.000729 i 0.004558 -0.000023 -0.000415 0.000028 0.002247 -0.000932 0.004864 -0,000632 6 0.005095 -0.000027 -0.000486 0.000035 0.002627 -0.001089 0.005686 -0.000739 7 0.0O1594 -0.000007 -0.000158 0.0OOOO9 0.OOO719 -O.0O0298 0.001555 -0.000202 B 0.010099 -0.000054 -0.000963 0.000065 0.005208 -0.002160 0011271 - 0 001465 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0;0 0.0

10 0.005920 -O.000032 -0.000564 0.000038 0.003055 -0.001266 0.006607 - 0 000859 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 0.005786 -0.000020 -0.000361 0.000024 0001952 -0.000810 0.004225 - 0 000549 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 15 0.005854 -0.000031 -0.000556 0.000058 O.U03008 -0.001248 0.006511 -O.OOOB46 16 0.003212 - o . o o o o i ; -0.000506 0.000021 0.001656 -0.000687 0.005585 -0,000466 17 -1.153442 -0.000055 -0.000627 0.000042 0.005590 -0.001406 0.00755} -0.000955 IS 0.001394 -0.246960 -0.000138 0.000009 0.000719 -0.000298 0.001555 -0.000202 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 o . d 0.0- 0.0 0.0 20 0.009707 -0.000050 -O.0O0544 -1.007096 . 0 002945 -0.001220 0.006369 -0.0O0829 21 0.009708 -0.000052 -0.000925 0.000063 -1.708115 -O.002076 0.000834 -0.001408 22 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2J 0.006106 - 0 000053 -0.000582 0.000039 0.003148 -0.001806 -1.070608 -0.0OO828

2« 0.004828 -0.000026 -0.000460 0.000031 0.002489 -O.0010S2 0.005388 -0.952656 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 0.004^420 -0.000024 -0.000421 0.000028 0.002279 -0.000945 0.OO4932 -O.0OO846 27 0.006106 -0.000033 -0.060582 0.000039 O.OOS148 -0.001506 0.000814 - 0 000885 29 0.009895 -0.000055 -0.000943 0.000064 0.005102 -0.002116 0.011042 -0.001635 29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0 0 JO 0.009895 -0.000053 -0.000943 0.000064 0.006102 -0.002116 0.011042 -0.001435 ) l 0.009895 -0.000053 -0.000948 0.0O0O64 0.005102 -0.002116 0.011042 - 0 001435 32 0.009895 -0.000053 -O.P0094S 0.000064 0.005102 -0.002116 0.011042 - 0 001435 JS 0.009895 -O.0OOO53 -0.0O094S 0.000064 0.005102 -0.0O21I6 0.011042 - 0 001435 34 0.008065 -0.OOO053 -0.000769 0.OO0052 0.004158 -0.001724 0 009000 - 0 001178 35 0.008065 -0.00OO43 -0.000769 0.000052 0.004158 -0.001724 0.009000 - 0 001178 36 0.0 0.0 • 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57 0.004358 -0.000028 -0.000415 0.000028 0.002247 -0.000982 0.004864 -0.000632 38 0.009895 -0.0OO053 -O.0OO943 0.OOOO64 0.005102 -0.002116 0.011042 -0,001435 39 0.006285 -0.000034 -0.000599 0.000041 0.003241 -0.001344 0.007014 -0.000911 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 41 .0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

s

354 E K I . V O L . X X V I , N O , 3, S E P T E M B E R 1978

S A M B U N G A N T A B E t I I Complete Price Elasticity Matrix Using Frisch's Parameter •• —1.216597

No. ( S i ) ( 3 6 ) (37) ( 3 1 ) (39) (JO) ( J l ) (J3)

1 -O.OOOOOl - 0 001594 O.OOOOIS 0.000523 0.0 0.000686 0.005370 0.005524 2 - 0 000005 -0.0O62I4 0.000072 0.002038 0.0 0.002674 0.020942 0.015744 9 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 -0.000004 -0.005684 0.000066 0.001864 0.0 O.0O2446 0.019156 0.012572 4 - 0 000004 - 0 004969 0 000058 0001629 0.0 0.002138 0.016745 0,010990 e LOJ100004 - 0 005808 0.000067 0.0OI905 0.0 0002499 0.019574 0.0128(7 7 -0.000001 -0.001589 0.000018 0.000521 0.0 0.000684 0.005355 0.003514 8 - 0 000009 -0.011514 0.000133 0.003775 0.0 0.004955 0.058801 0.025466 9 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ' 0.0 0.0

10 - 0 000005 - 0 006750 0.000078 0.002215 0.0 0.002904 0.022746 0.014921 I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 . 0.0 0 0 12 -0.000005 - 0 004816 0.000050 0001415 0.0 0.001857 0.014545 0 009546 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 -0 000005 - 0 006652 0.000077 0.002181 0.0 0.002862 0.022415. 0.014711 16 - 0 000005 -0.003662 0.000042 0.001201 0.0 0.001376 0.012541 0.0O8899 17 -0.000006 -0.007495 0.000087 0.002457 0.0 0.003225 0.025256 0016576 18 - 0 000001 - 0 001589 0.000018 0000521 0.0 0.000684 0.005555 0.OO3514 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 20 -0.000005 -0.006507 0.000075 0.002154 0.0 0.002800 0.021927 0.014391 21 - 0 000005 - 0 011068 O.0OO128 0.003629 0.0 0.004763 0.057298 0.024479 22 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 -0.0OO0O5 -0.006961 0 000081 0.002282 0.0 0.002995 0.028458 0.015396 24 - 0 000004 - 0 005504 0.000064 0.001805 0.0 0.002369 0.018548 0.012175 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 - 0 000004 -0.754935 0.000058 0.001652 0.0 0.002168 0.016980 0.011144 27 - 0 000005 -0.006961 -1.077341 0.002282 0.0 0.002995 0.023458 0.015396 25 - 0 000008 - 0 001281 0.000131 -1.742362 0.0 0.004854 0,058015 0.024950 29 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 - 0 000008 -0.011281 0.000131 0.003699 0.0 -1.741206 0.058015 0.024950 51 -0,000008 -0.011281 0.000131 0 005699 0.0 0.004854 -1.708046 0.024950 32 -0.0OO008 0.011291 0.000131 0.003699 0.0 0.004854 0.038015 -1.721111 S3 -0.000008 -0 .01 I2S I 0.000131 0.003699 0.0 0.004854 0.038015 0.024950 34 -0.000007 -0.009195 0.000107 0.003015 0.0 0.005957 0.050985 0.020536 35 -0.000007 -O.0O9195 O.OOO107 0.0OS015 0.0 0.003957 0 030985 0.020536 36 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37 - 0 000004 -0.604969 0.000058 0.001629 0.0 0.002158 0.016745 0.010990 33 -0.000008 -0.011281 0.000181 0.003699 0.0 0.004854 0.038015 0.024950 39 -0.000005 -0.007165 0.000083 0.002349 oja 0.003083 0024146 0.015847 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 , 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 f 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0

E K I , V O L . X X V I , N O . 3, S E P T E M B E R 1978 3 5 5

S A M B U N G A N T A B E L I I Complete Price Elaiticity Matrix Using Frisch's Parameter - - 1 . 216597

No. (JJ) ( J l ) (J» ( J 6 ) ( 1 7 ) ( l a ) ( 1 9 ) ( 4 0 ) ( 4 1 )

1 0 . 0 0 0 3 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 8 0 . 0 2 2 3 8 1 - 0 . 0 0 0 3 5 6 - 0 . 0 0 1 9 5 9 0 : 0 0 0 7 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 4 0 . 0 0 . 0

2 0 . 0 7 3 4 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 7 8 0 0 . 0 8 7 2 7 9 - 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 9 - 0 . 0 0 7 6 4 0 0 . 0 0 3 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 5 6 3 0 . 0 o n S 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 o n 4 0 . 0 0 3 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 7 1 3 0 . 0 7 9 8 8 6 - 0 . 0 0 1 1 9 8 - 0 . 0 0 6 9 3 9 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 9 0 . 0 O 0 5 1 5 0 0 0 . 0

5 0 . 0 0 2 7 2 1 0 . 0 0 O 6 2 4 0 . 0 6 9 7 8 9 - 0 . 0 0 1 0 4 7 - 0 . 0 0 6 1 0 9 0 . 0 0 2 4 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 . 0 0 . 0

6 0 . 0 0 3 1 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 7 2 9 0 . 0 3 1 5 7 8 - 0 . 0 0 1 2 2 4 - 0 . 0 0 7 1 4 1 0 . 0 0 2 8 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 2 6 0 . 0 0 , 0

7 0 . 0 0 0 8 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 9 9 0 . 0 2 2 3 1 7 ^ - 0 . 0 0 0 5 3 5 - 0 . 0 0 1 9 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 7 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 4 0 . 0 0 . 0

S 0 . 0 0 6 3 0 5 0 . 0 0 1 4 4 5 0 . 1 6 1 7 1 2 - O . 0 O 2 4 2 6 - 0 . 0 1 4 1 5 6 0 . 0 0 5 6 8 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 4 2 0 . 0 0 . 0

9 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0

1 0 0 . 0 0 5 6 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 3 4 7 0 . 0 9 4 7 9 7 - 0 . 0 0 1 4 2 2 - 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 8 0 . 0 0 8 8 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 6 1 1 0 . 0 0 . 0

I I 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0

1 2 0 . 0 0 2 3 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 5 4 2 0 . 0 6 0 6 1 9 - 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 9 - 0 . 0 0 5 3 0 6 0 . 0 0 2 1 5 5 O . 0 O 0 S 9 1 0 0 0 . 0

I S 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 , 0

1 4 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 - 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0

U 0 . 0 0 3 6 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 5 5 0 . 0 9 8 4 2 0 - 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 2 - 0 . 0 0 8 1 7 8 0 . 0 0 3 2 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 . 0 0 . 0

1 6 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 . 0 5 1 4 3 3 - 0 . 0 0 0 7 7 2 • - 0 . 0 0 - 5 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 3 3 2 OJO n o 1 7 0 . 0 0 4 1 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 4 1 0 1 6 5 2 5 8 - 0 . 0 0 1 5 7 9 - 0 . 0 0 9 2 1 4 0 . 0 O 3 7 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 6 7 9 0 , 0 0 0

I S 0 . 0 0 0 8 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 9 9 0 . 0 2 2 3 1 7 - 0 . 0 0 0 5 3 5 - O . 0 O 1 9 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 7 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 4 0 . 0 0 0

1 9 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0

2 0 0 . 0 0 3 6 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 6 1 7 0 . 0 9 1 3 9 6 - 0 . 0 0 1 5 7 1 - 0 . 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 , 0 0 . 0

2 1 0 . 0 0 6 0 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 3 8 9 0 . 1 5 3 4 4 6 - 0 . 0 0 2 5 5 2 - 0 . 0 1 3 6 0 7 0 . 0 0 5 4 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 . 0 0 . 0

2 2 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0

2 J 0 . 0 O 3 S 1 2 0 . O O O 8 7 4 0 . 0 9 7 7 6 4 - 0 . 0 0 1 4 6 7 - 0 . 0 0 8 5 5 8 0 . 0 0 3 4 3 9 0 . 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 . 0 0 0

2 4 0 . 0 0 3 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 6 9 1 0 . 0 7 7 3 0 8 - 0 . 0 0 1 1 6 0 - 0 . 0 O 6 7 6 7 0 . 0 0 2 7 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 9 8 0 0 0 . 0

2 4 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0

2 6 0 . 0 0 2 7 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 6 3 2 0 . 0 7 0 7 6 7 - O . 0 O 1 0 6 2 - 0 . 0 0 6 1 9 5 0 . 0 0 2 4 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 5 6 0 . 0 0 . 0

2 7 0 . 0 0 3 8 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 7 4 0 . 0 9 7 7 6 4 - 0 . 0 0 1 4 6 7 - 0 . 0 0 8 5 5 8 0 . 0 0 8 4 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 0 0 . 0

2 S 0 . 0 0 6 1 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 4 1 6 0 . 1 5 8 4 8 5 - 0 . 0 O 2 3 7 7 - 0 . 0 1 3 8 6 9 0 . 0 0 5 5 7 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 . 0

2 9 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0

3 0 0 . 0 0 6 1 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 4 1 6 0 . 1 5 8 4 5 5 - 0 . 0 0 2 3 7 7 - 0 . 0 1 3 8 6 9 0 . 0 0 5 5 7 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 n o S I 0 0 0 6 1 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 4 1 6 0 . 1 5 8 4 5 5 - 0 . 0 0 2 3 7 7 - O . O 1 3 8 6 9 0 . 0 O 5 5 7 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 , 0 0 - 0

3 2 0 . 0 0 6 1 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 4 1 6 0 . 1 5 8 4 3 5 - 0 . 0 0 2 3 7 7 - 0 . 0 1 3 8 6 9 0 . 0 0 5 5 7 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 . 0 0 0

J J 0 . 7 3 9 8 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 4 1 6 0 . 1 5 8 4 5 5 - 0 . 0 0 2 3 7 7 - 0 . 0 1 3 8 6 9 0 . 0 0 5 5 7 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0

3 4 0 . 0 0 4 0 3 3 - 1 . 4 2 1 9 9 3 0 . 1 2 9 1 5 4 - 0 . 0 0 1 9 3 7 - 0 . 0 1 1 8 0 4 0 . 0 O 4 5 4 S 0 . 0 0 0 8 3 2 0 . 0 o n 3 4 0 0 0 4 0 3 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 4 - 1 . 2 9 4 0 1 2 - O . 0 O 1 9 S 7 - 0 . 0 1 1 3 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 3 2 n o o n 5 6 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 n o 5 7 0 . 0 0 2 7 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 6 7 4 0 . 0 6 9 7 8 9 - O . O O I 0 4 7 - 0 . 7 7 5 2 2 9 0 . 0 0 2 4 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 6 3 0 o p n o 3 3 0 . 0 0 6 1 7 3 0 . 0 0 1 2 1 6 0 . 1 5 8 4 5 5 - 0 . 0 0 2 5 7 7 - 0 . 0 1 3 8 6 9 - 1 . 7 4 0 4 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 n o 3 9 0 . 0 0 3 9 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 8 9 9 0 . 1 0 0 6 3 4 - 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 0 - 0 . 0 0 8 8 0 9 0 . 0 0 3 5 4 0 - 1 . 1 0 8 3 9 9 0 . 0 0 . 0

4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0

4 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0

356 E K I . V O L . X X V I , N O . S, S E P T E M B E R 1978

T A B E L I I I

N O M O R U R U T D A N N A M A B A R A N G - B A R A N G

No. N ama No. N a ma

1 J a g u n g & : U b i - u b i a n 2 2 B e u a n g T e n u u Sc J a l i i i

2 S a y u r & ; B u a b - b u a h a n 2 3 B a h a n P a k a i a n

3 K a r i l 2 4 K c i i a s Sc I l a s i l - l u i s i l u y a

4 K e l a p a , k e l a p a s a w i l & h a s i l - h a s i l n y a 2 5 P u p u k 5 T e m b a k a u 2 6 B a h a n - l i a h a n K i m i a

6 T e l l & K o p i ' 2 7 H a s i l - b a s i l I n d u s i r * i l a r i K a r e t

7 R e i u p a l i - i e u i p a h 2 8 K a e a Se K e i a m i k

8 T e i i i a k & l i a s l l - l i a s l l n y a 2 9 S e i n e n

9 K a y u Se H a s i l H u l a n L a i n n y a 3 0 H a s i l - h a s i l I n d u s t r i L o g a l i i ,

1 0 P e r i k a n a n 3 1 M e s i n Sc A l a t - a l a t L i s t r i k

I I B a i a n g - l i a r a n g T a m b a n g b u k a n M e t a l 3 2 A l a t - a l a t P e n g a n g k u t a n

1 2 M i n y a k Sc G a s 3 3 H a s i l - h a s i l I n d u s t r i L a i n y a n g b e l u m

1 3 P e i i a i i i b a n g a n L o g a m t e r c a k u p

1 4 l ' e i < l a g a i i g a n 3 4 ( a s a L e m b a g a - l e m b a g a K e u a n g a n

1 3 P e n g a n g k u i a n Sc K o m u n i k a s i 3 5 J a s a - j a s a L a i n n y a 1 6 B e r a s , i 3 6 B a r a n g - b a r a n g y a n g l i d a k I r i s a d i -

1 7 G u l a g o l o n g k a n *

1 8 C e n g k c h 3 7 R o k o k

1 9 K a p a s Sc S e r a t L a i n n y a 3 8 B a r a n g - b a r a n g d a r i K a y u 2 0 M a k a n a n S u d a h J a d i 3 9 L i s t r i k , G a s Sc A i r M i n i m i

2 1 M i n u i i i a n 4 0

4 1

K o n s t r u k s i B a n g u n a n

P e m e r i n i a l i a n

* S e k t o r n o m o r 6 6 d a r i I n p u t - O u t p u t d e n g a n k l a s i f i k a s i 6 6 s e k t o r .

L A M P I R A N i P e n u r u n a n d a r i R u m u s - r u m u s F r i s c h

K o n s u m e n d i a n g g a p m e m i l i k i f u n g s i - g u n a y a n g b e r b e n t u k " p e n a m b a h a n

l a n g s u n g " ( d i r e c t l y a d d i t i v e u t i l i t y f u n c t i o n ) , U . d a n p e n d a p a t a n t o t a l C .

(1) U - L j U j ( X j )

( 2 ) c = S i P i X i J

M a s a l a l i k o n s u m e n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h m e m a k s i m u m k a n U d e n g a n l i a t a s a n C

y a n g i a m i i i k i :

M a x U d e n g a n b a t a s a n C , ; X j

D a n s i n i k i t a p e r o l c i i s y a r a t - s y a r a t m a k s i m u m o r d e p e r t a m a

( 3 ) U i ( X i ) - x P . = o : I V

E K I . V O L . X X V I . N O , 3. S E P T E M B E R 1978 . 857

( 4 ) C = S P j X ; _ ' •• i

| Z . ( X i ) = £ ^ ^ = ^ J i . ; X = m a r g i n a l u t i l i t y d a r i u a n g . ' 3 X i d X j

D a r i ( 3 ) d a n ( 4 ) k i t a b i s a p e r o l e h

( 5 ) X i = = h i ( P i P i P „ , C ) ; ( i - 1 n )

I n i m e r u p a k a n s a t u s e t f u n g s i p e r m i n t a a n

( 6 ) X = X ( P , P i . . . . P n , C )

I n i a d a l a h f u n g s i m a r g i n a l u t i l i t y d a r i u a n g . ;

3 X • S e k a r a n g k i u d e f i n i s i k a n • ' = h i j ,

0 P j

d a n = g j ; ( i , j = 1 , . . . , n ) .

L a n g k a h - l a n g k a h a l j a b a r b e r i k u t i n i d i t u j u k a n u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n r u m u s

y a n g m e n g h u b u n g k a n a n t a r a h y d a n g j , a t a u a n t a r a e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a E y

X ' X ' (— b j j — ! - ) d e n g a n e l a s t i s i t a s p e n d a p a t a n TJ j ( = , g • — - ) .

J P j C

D i f e r e n s i a s i d a r i ( 3 ) d a n ( 4 ) t e r h a d a p P j m e n g h a s i l k a n

( 8 ) P i h i j - - | - ^ P - X £ i j = 0

( 7 ) ? h i j P i = - X j .

a X

a p

,. , a * u d ' U i d i n t a n a p ^ = _ = _ , .

f = 1 b i l a i = j

4 \ = 0 b i l a i i t j

S e k a r a n g k i t a a m b i l d i f e r e n s i a s i d a r i ( 3 ) d a n ( 4 ) t e r h a d a p C d a n k i t a d a p a t -

k a n • .

( 9 ) S g . p . = 1 . d a n

3 5 8 . ; : E K I . V O L . X X V I . N O . 3. S E P T E M B E R 1978

D a r i ( 8 ) k i t a p e r o i e h s

( n ) h i j = - ^ ( | | ^ . P i + x C i j ) V

D a r i ( 1 0 ) k i t a p e r o i e h ' '

j u = O ^ / d C ) P i ^ y ^ ^ g ^ j ^ ^ s u b s t i t u s i k a n k e d a l a m ( 1 1 )

d a n k i t a p e r o l e h

' ) a x / a c ^' o x / a c ) . P i

K i l a k a l i k a n ( 1 2 ) d e n g a n P j d a n k e m u d i a n k i t a g u n a k a n ( 7 ) d a n ( 8 ) , k i t a

p e r o i e h

( 1 3 ) a x i

a x i a c a x / a c

K i t a S u b s t i t u s i k a n k e m b a l i ( 1 3 ) k e d a i a m ( 1 2 ) ,

" ^ ' ^ ' i = - ^ ' [ j ^ a x ^ ' ^ i - T ! ^ ] ;

I n i a d a l a h r u m u s d a s a r y a n g i n g i n k i t a p e r o l e h . K a l a u d i t e r j e m a h k a n k e

d a i a m e l a s t i s i t a s , k i t a m e m p e r o l e h

( 1 5 ) G i i = - T ? i [ a i + - ^ ( a . T J i - 1 )

( 1 6 ) e i j = - T ? i [ a j + - ^ a j T j j ] :

d i m a n a , = e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a s e n d i r i d a r i i

G j j = e l a s t i s i t a s h a r g a d a r i i t e r h a d a p p e r u b a h a n h a r g a j

i j . = e l a s t i s i t a s p e n d a p a t a n d a r i i .

^ ' = " p r o s e n t a s e p e n g e l u a r a n " a t a u " b u d g e t

^ s h a r e s "

CO = ^ ^ d C ^ p a r a m e t e r F r i s c h . X / C

E K I . V O L . X X V I , N O . 3, S E P T E M B E R 1978 359