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Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
rata_rata_kontrol .259 5 .200* .918 5 .517
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
rata_rata_eksperimen .182 5 .200* .961 5 .818
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
hasil
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
4.753 1 8 .061
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n Instruksi Mengerjakan WigglyMengunyah Permen
Karet
Mengerjakan Wiggly
Blocksow dan Wackym, 2008)Meningkatkan insulin
glukosa ke otak dapat meningkatkan fungsi kognitif (Scholey,
Universitas
hnston, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston)
m (Bruning et al, 1999)
o changes in cognitive performance (Smith A, Cardiff
University)
tensi: allertness dan flexibility.(Institute of Experimental
Psychology, University of
Independent Samples Test
t-test for Equality of Means
t df
Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence Interval
of the Difference
Lower Upper
hasil Equal
variances
assumed
-2.128 8 .066 -16.19000 7.60903 -33.73645 1.35645
Equal
variances
not
assumed
-2.128 5.485 .082 -16.19000 7.60903 -35.24048 2.86048
Proses
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Proses
In a study published previously in this journal (Wilkinson et
al., 2002), the effect of chewing gum on cognitive
functioning was examined.chewing may differentially affect
specific aspects of attention. While sustained attention
was improved by the chewing of gum, alertness and flexibility
were adversely affected by chewing. In conclusion
claims that the chewing a gum improves cognition should be
viewed with caution.
1. Menstimulasi pengeluaran saliva (Snow dan Wackym, 2008)
2. Meningkatkan Supply Oksigen dan kadar glukosa dalam darah
dapat meningkatkan fungsi kognitif
(Scholey, Universitas Northumbria)Stephens and Tunney5 tested
the view that chewing increases heart rate which leads to an
increased flowof nutrients, such as glucose, to the brain.
3. Berpengaruh terhadap Atensi : Kesiagaan & fleksibilitas.
Chewing may differentially affect specific
aspects of attention. While sustained attention was improved by
the chewing of gum, alertness and
flexibility were adversely affected by chewing. In conclusion,
claims that the chewing a gum improves
cognition should be viewed with caution. (Institute of
Experimental Psychology, University of
Regensburg)
4.Chewing gum may increase alertness and lead to changes in
cognitive performance (Smith A, Cardiff
University)
In 1939, Hollingworth1 found that chewing gum improved cognitive
performance
5. Meningkatkan konsentrasi (Craig Johnston, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston)
6. Attention is important in understanding problem because
attention is limited, and competing thoughts
can produce devided attention (Bruning et al, 1999)
Pembahasan:first clarify the type of functions that are
improved, then try and understand. the underlying mechanismsand
also study real-life activities (e.g. effects of chewing gum on
learning andretrieval of educational material; effect of chewinggum
on simulated driving; effect of chewing gum onefficiency at
work).
