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Table of Contents1. Course Organization2. Introduction3. Applications/Design4. Architecture 15. Models6. Physical Layer7. Ethernet8. 802.119. IP: Network Layer10. Switching and Forwarding11. TCP/UDP: Transport Layer12. Flow and Congestion Control13. WWW/DNS; RTP; etc.14. Socket Programming15. Distributed Algorithms16. Network Security17. Overlay Networks and Peer-to-Peer Networks18. Sensor Networks19. Architecture 2
Course Logistics – SP2004� Instructors:
� Dr. Shyam Parekh: OH M 3-4, F 3-4, 463 Cory; shyam@eecs� Prof. Jean Walrand: OH Tu 11-12, W 2-3, 257M Cory; wlr@eecs
� TAs:� Rajarshi Gupta: OH Tu 2-3 (493 Cory)� Rishi Kant: OH TBA� John Musacchio: OH Th 1-2 (493 Cory)
� Course Manager:� Dr. Shyam Parekh; shyam@eecs
� Class Homepage:� http://walrandpc.eecs.berkeley.edu/122S04.html
� Discussion Sections:� Tu 1-2, 170 Barrows (Rajarshi Gupta)� W 10-11, 122 Wheeler – Cancelled, Please switch� W 4-5, 106 Moffit (Rishi Kant)� Th 11-12, 299 Cory (John Musacchio)
TOC - Logistics
Grading
� Final Exam (25%), Mid-term (15%)� Homework Assignments (25%) – 5 Assignments� Projects (35%)
� Socket Programming (1 Project – Weighted 2x)� OPNET Exercises (5 Assignments)
TOC - Logistics - grading
Projects
� Network Programming� Application of socket programming� Client/Server; Get and manage files; handle
errors
� OPNET� Study protocols through simulation experiments� OPNET environment provided;
Minimize learning curve
TOC - Logistics - Projects
Books� Required Textbook:
L. Peterson & B. Davie,Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 3rd Ed.
� Other Useful Networking Texts:� A. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks� R. Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated (vol 1)� S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to
Computer Networking� Kurose and Ross, Computer Networking� Walrand, Communication Networks, 2nd Ed
TOC - Logistics - Books
Programming� This course will involve programming. Network
programming project will be implemented in C on either Windows or UNIX
� Your work can be done on your “named” account. If you lack one, you may log in as “newacct” on one of the clients listed below:
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/clients
TOC - Logistics - Programming
Books on Programming
� S. Maguire, Writing Solid Code� S. Lippman, C++ Primer� R. Stevens, UNIX Network Programming,
Volume 1, 2nd ed.
TOC - Logistics – Books on Programming
IntroductionNetwork ExamplesNetwork Components EthernetInterconnected LANsInternetworkTypes of NetworksInternetPacketsTransport
TOC - Introduction
Network ExamplesUCBBackbone:
TeleglobeGlobal CrossingWilliams
Regional: Palo AltoTypes of NetworksInternetPacketsTransport
TOC - Introduction – Network Examples
UCB
E1E2
E3
REGIONAL1st Floor Cory
2nd FloorCory
SODA
EVANS
BACKBONE
LOCAL
CAMPUSTOC - Introduction – Network Examples - UCB
BackboneGlobal Crossing Corporation
TOC - Introduction – Network Examples – Backbone/Global Crossing
Backbone Williams Communications
TOC - Introduction – Network Examples – Backbone/Williams
Network Components
Links: carry bits from one place to another (or maybe to many other places)Interface: attaches device to linkSwitch/router: interconnect linksHost: communication endpoint (workstation, PDA, cell phone, toaster, tank) – connected to links
TOC - Introduction – Network Components
Links
Fibers
Cat5 UnshieldedTwisted Pairs
Wireless
Coaxial Cable
TOC - Introduction – Network Components - Links
Ethernet Network Interface Card
TOC - Introduction – Network Components - NIC
Telephone Switch Router
TOC - Introduction – Network Components – Switch & Router
Ethernet
Ethernet is a Local Area Network (LAN)
• Architecture: Switch and/or Hub
• System View: Services
TOC - Introduction – Ethernet
System View
Ethernet is a broadcast-capable, multi-access LANProvides a “Link” service between nodes
Abstract view:
TOC - Introduction – Ethernet – System View
Interconnected LANs
LANs interconnected by routers
LAN1
LAN3Internet
R1R2
R3 R4
LAN2
TOC - Introduction – Interconnected LANs
InternetworkProvides message delivery between multiple networks that may belong to different organizations:
Subnet 1
ISP 2ISP 1
Subnet 2
Example:Subnet 1 = network of LANs of previous slideISP 1 = Sprint, ISP 2 = MCISubnet 2 = UCB network
TOC - Introduction – Internetwork
Types of Network
Classification 1: Size, Information, ApplicationClassification 2: Use, Protocols, TechnologiesSwitching
Broadcast vs. SwitchedCharacteristicsHow to switchTaxonomy
TOC - Introduction – Types of Nework
Classification 1
Geographical distanceLocal Area Networks (LAN): Ethernet, Token ring, FDDIMetropolitan Area Networks (MAN): DQDB, SMDSWide Area Networks (WAN): X.25, ATM, frame relayCaveat: LAN, MAN, WAN may mean different things: Service, network technology, networks
Information typeData networks vs. telecommunication networks
Application typeSpecial purpose networks: airline reservation network, banking network, credit card network, telephony, CATVGeneral purpose network: Internet
TOC - Introduction – Types of Nework – Classification 1
Classification 2
Right to usePrivate: enterprise networksPublic: telephony network, Internet
Protocols:Proprietary: SNA, AppleTalkOpen: IP
TechnologiesTerrestrial vs. satelliteWired vs. wireless
TOC - Introduction – Types of Nework – Classification 2
Broadcast vs. Switched
Broadcast Network:
Switched Network:
TOC - Introduction – Types of Nework – Switching – Broadcast vs. Switched
Characteristics
BroadcastOne to allExamples: some LANs (Hub-Ethernet, 802.11) Problem: coordinate the access of all nodes to the shared communication medium (Multiple Access Problem)
SwitchedOne to subsetExamples: WANs (Telephony Network, Internet)Problem: how to forward information to intended node(s)
This is done by special nodes (e.g., routers, switches) running routing protocols
TOC - Introduction – Types of Nework – Switching – Characteristics
How to Switch?
Circuit-Switched: 1. Set up circuit between two devices2. Exchange information3. Release circuit
Packet-Switched:Send packets with source and destination addresses
Vircuit-Circuit Switched:1. Select path from source to destination (Virtual
Circuit)2. Assign a “label” to that path3. Send packets with that label4. Release Virtual Circuit
{Note: Some VCs are permanent.}
TOC - Introduction – Types of Nework – Switching – How to Switch?
Based on the way in which the nodes exchange information:
Taxonomy
Switched Broadcast
Circuit PacketVirtualCircuit
Telephone MPLSATMFrame Relay
Sw.-EthernetInternet
Hub-EthernetCATV
TOC - Introduction – Types of Nework – Switching – Taxonomy
OverviewA global network of networks all using a
common protocol (IP, the Internet Protocol)Focus of this classA challenge to understand:
large scale (10’s of millions of users, 10’s of thousands of networks)heterogeneity, irregular topology, decentralized management
TOC - Introduction – The Internet - Overview
Main Ideas
The switches have no memory of packets: scalabilityThe network is independent of the applications: flexibilityThe packet formats and addresses are independent of the technology: extensibility
TOC - Introduction – Packets – Main Ideas
Acknowledgments
The destination sends back an acknowledgment for every correct packet it gets.The source uses these ACKs to- Retransmit unacknowledged packets- Adjust the rate of its transmissions.
The destination sends back an acknowledgment for every correct packet it gets.The source uses these ACKs to- Retransmit unacknowledged packets- Adjust the rate of its transmissions.
TOC - Introduction – Transport - Acknowledgments
Link SharingShared links
The sources base theirtransmissions on when they get acknowledgments.The scheme regulates the sharing of common links
The sources base theirtransmissions on when they get acknowledgments.The scheme regulates the sharing of common links
TOC - Introduction – Transport – Link Sharing