eduard mane (1832-1883)

mane ramdenime wliT ufrosi iyo danarCen axalgazrda mxatvrebze, Sesabamisad, misi Semoqmedebac ramdenime wliT adre iwyeba _ 1850-iani wlebis miwuruls. is gansakuTrebiT afasebda eJen delakruas, romelSic mas izidavda weris Tavisufali manera da aSkara kolorizmi. misi Semoqmedebis pirveli nawili, bevr rameSi axlo mdgomi impresionizmTan, jer kidev ar iyo impresionizmi. jar ar aris pleneri da miTumetes suraTis plenerze damTavreba (pleneri _ bunebaSi muSaoba). is mxatvrebic ki vinc plenerze muSaobdnen impresionistebamde, suraTs maic saxelosnoSi amTavrebdnen, Sesabamisad, maTSi mainc naklebia haeri da feris sisufTave, yovel SemTvevaSi mTel sasuraTo sibrtyeze sufTa feriT muSaobas ver vnaxavT. samagierod, Zalian maRal donezea Tavisufali ferwera, funjis Tavisufali moZraoba, gamovlenili monasmi. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom mane gansakuTrebiT afasebda velaskesisa da goias ferweras da misi Semoqmedebis dasawyisSi didi adgili uWiravs espanur Tematikas: "lola valensiidan",

"gitaristi",

"espanuri baleti" da sxv.

mis adrindel namuSevrebSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs 1863 wels Sesrulebul 2 ferwerul tilos: "olimpia" da "sauzme mwvaneSi". "olimpia" erT-erTi saukeTeso niua ferweris istoriaSi da misi Caweneba Tamamad SeiZleba udidesi fermwerebis: ticianis, rubensis, velaskesis, goias mier Seqmnili qalis SiSveli sxeulis amsaxveli Sedevrebis rigSi. igi gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva ufaqizesi tonalur-qromatuli SexamebebiT _ naTeli SiSveli sxeuli Tbili tonis gveCveneba baliSisa da zewrebis movercxlisfro siTeTris fonze da piriqiT, ufro civi mxlebeli qalisa da raRac safenis kremisferTan Tu spilosZvlisferTan SedarebiT. gamas acocxlebs zangi qalis xelSi Taigulis wiTel-mwvane laqebi, xolo mTlianad es wina plani mkafiod ikiTxeba muqi yavisferi da mwvane meore planis fonze.

miuxedavad am brwyinvale ferweruli Tvisebebisa, nawarmoebma skandali gamoiwvia sazogadoebaSi. ferwerul Rirsebebs mayurebeli naklebad aRiqvamda, samagierod, isini aRSfodnen imiT, rom olimpias saxiT konkretuli qali ikiTxeboda (manes naturSica viqtorina miorani).

sazogadoeba kidev ufro aRaSfoTa misma meore tilom. masze gamosaxuli iyo bunebaSi gasuli ori Cacmuli mxatvari mamakaci da maTTan ori qali _ erTi naxvrad SiSveli, meore ki mTlianad. motivi aRebuli iyo ticianis "soflis koncertidan" (maSin jrjonesi egonaT), xolo kompoziciuri wyoba rafaelisgan. mayurebeli aRaSfoTa SiSveli qalebis gamosaxvam savsebiT konkretul nakvTebSi mocemul mamakacebTan. es nawarmoebi yvelam amoralur scenad aRiqva (suraTs hqonda ramdenime nakli, magram sul sxva planSi _ mas erTgvarad aklda haerovneba da figurebi cotaTi "gamoWrilebs" hgavdnen).

manes ferwera kidev ufro Tavisufali da daxvewili xdeba Semdgom wlebSi. mag. "naturmorti TevziT",

"sazRvao brZola".

gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva misi "fleitisti" saocrad cocxlad, Tavisuflad da zustad dawerili (1866 w.).

es nawarmoebebi aRafrTovanebdnen axalgazrda, damwyeb mxatvrebs, romlebsac male impresionistebi ewodaT. momaval impresionistebs gansakuTrebiT izidavdaT misi weris zusti da Tanac Tavisufali manera. swored is manera, romlis gamoc "obivateli" mayurebeli ver aRiqvamda verc impresionistul da suraTebs da daumTavrebeli Txupnas xedavda maTSi. 70-iani wlebidan mane ukve Tavad ganicdis impresionistebis gavlenas. kerZod, Cndeba pleneri, Sesabamisad, meti haeri da Suqi kompoziciis, e.w. kadris principi, rodesac suraTi TiTqos SemTxveviT fiqsirdeba formatSi (rogorc kinoSi). mSvenieri peizaJi, Sig Cawerili ramdenime figuriT, "sanapiroze",

"arJantei",

"navi" _ rodesac navi ori figuriT TiTqos "Semosrialdeba" kadrSi,

"klod mone misi coliT mcurav studiaze",

"mamida lotulTan" da sxv. mane gamorCeuli impresionistTa jgufSi Tavisi Zalian cocxali Tavisuflad dawerili da amasTan xasiaTSi zusti portretebiT: "antonin prustis portreti",

"roSforis portreti", "stefan malarmes portreti".

aRsaniSnavia, rom impresionistul periodSic mane xSirad xamrobda Savs, magram ara rogorc moculoba-formis an sivrcis mamodelirebel Senarevs, ara rogorc koloritis "gamaWuWyianebel" saRebavs, aramed rogorc sagnobriv fers. mag. "qali Savi SliapiT" pastelSi da sxv.

misi ukanaskneli namuSevaria bari foli-berJerSi _ gamosaxulia axalgazrda qali barsukan mdgomi SuaSi, xolo mis ukan sarkeSi airekleba kaci, romelic mas mimarTavs Tu elaparakeba da baris mTeli feradovani da Suq-haerovani simdidre. am mravalferovnebis fonze qali sevdianad da martosulad gamoiyureba. es fsiqologiuri momenti axalia impresionizmSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom manem daamkvidra weris axali manera, e.w. "alaprima", rac metad Seeferoboda impresionistul mxatvrul meTods. es niSnavs erT seansSi Sesrulebas (da ara mravaldRian an mravalkvirian seansebs, rogorc manamde iyo miRebuli). aq manem da saerTod impresionistebma gadawyvites erT-erTi dilema, romlis winaSec idga axali mxatvroba _ swrafi Sesruleba, rogorc wesi, mTavrdeboda kargi "etiudiT" da ara dasrulebuli suraTiT. suraTis gulmodine gamoZerwva ki "klavda", "aSrobda" suraTs, ukargavda mas enis metyvelebas. am problemis gadasaWrelad mane mimarTavda Semdeg xerxs: xatavda iqamde, sanam suraTi axali iyo, mere aRar agrZelebda imave tiloze muSaobas da iwyebda igive naturas Tavidan, sanam ar miaRwevda gansxvavebuli niSnebis: uSualo Tavisufali werisa da mxatvruli dasrulebulobis organul erTianobas.

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