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8/2/2019 EDKT Paper for Senate.centre Proposal.2
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,
MAKURDI, NIGERIAMAKURDI, NIGERIAMAKURDI, NIGERIAMAKURDI, NIGERIA
PROPOSAL FOR THEPROPOSAL FOR THEPROPOSAL FOR THEPROPOSAL FOR THE
ESTABLISHMENTESTABLISHMENTESTABLISHMENTESTABLISHMENT
OFOFOFOF
CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURCENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURCENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURCENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIPSHIPSHIPSHIP
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT AND KNOWLEDGEAND KNOWLEDGEAND KNOWLEDGEAND KNOWLEDGE
TRANSFER (CEDKT)TRANSFER (CEDKT)TRANSFER (CEDKT)TRANSFER (CEDKT)
Submitted By:Submitted By:Submitted By:Submitted By:
Engr.Engr.Engr.Engr. ProfProfProfProf. S. V. Irtwange. S. V. Irtwange. S. V. Irtwange. S. V. Irtwange
Coordinator,Coordinator,Coordinator,Coordinator,
Entrepreneurship Development and KnowledgeEntrepreneurship Development and KnowledgeEntrepreneurship Development and KnowledgeEntrepreneurship Development and Knowledge TransferTransferTransferTransfer,,,,
Office of the Vice ChancellorOffice of the Vice ChancellorOffice of the Vice ChancellorOffice of the Vice Chancellor,,,,
University of Agriculture, MakurdiUniversity of Agriculture, MakurdiUniversity of Agriculture, MakurdiUniversity of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, Nigeria, Nigeria, Nigeria
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Table of Contents
Cover Page - - - - - - - - - - 1
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - 2
List of Figures - - - - - - - - - 5
1. BRIEF ON UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, MAKURDI - - 6
1.1 Establishment - - - - - - - - 6
1.2 Location - - - - - - - - 6
1.3 Mission and Mandate - - - - - - - 6
1.4 Philosophy and Approach - - - - - - 6
1.5 Academic Units - - - - - - - 7
1.6 Objectives of Undergraduate Education at University of
Agriculture, Makurdi - - - - - - - 9
2. CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER (CEDKT) - - - - - 10
2.1 Background - - - - - - - - 10
2.2 The Role of Entrepreneurship in Nation Building - - - 11
2.3 Establishment of the Centre - - - - - - 12
2.3.1 Historical Antecedents in Nigerian
Higher Institutions - - - - - - 12
2.3.2 The Name of the Centre - - - - - 13
2.3.3 Status of the Centre - - - - - - 13
2.3.4 Rationale for the Centre - - - - - 13
2 3 5 Vision 15
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2.3.9 Personnel Requirements - - - - - 16
2.3.9.1 Administrative Staff - - - - - 16
2.3.9.2 Subject Matter Experts - - - - 16
2.3.10 Institutional Linkages - - - - - 16
2.4. Departments/Units of the Centre - - - - - 17
2.4.1 Entrepreneurial Programme Services Department - - 17
2.4.1.1 Entrepreneurship and Skills
Acquisition Unit - - - - - 17
2.4.1.2 Training, Conferences, Seminars
and Workshop Unit - - - - - 18
2.4.1.3 Grants, Collaborative Research,Linkages and Networking Unit - - - 19
2.4.1.4 Entrepreneurship Publications and
Extension Unit - - - - - 20
2.4.1.5 Enterprises Management Unit - - - 21
2.4.2 Entrepreneurial Curriculum Development andImplementation Department - - - - - 22
2.4.2.1 Entrepreneurship Counselling Unit - - - 22
2.4.2.2 College/Departmental Entrepreneurship
Courses Coordinating Unit - - - - 22
2.4.2.3 Students Entrepreneurial
Organizations Unit - - - - - 24
2.4.3 Entrepreneurship and Industrial Research
Department - - - - - - - 26
2.4.3.1 Technology Incubation Unit - - - - 26
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2.4.3.5 Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises Unit - - - - - 32
2.4.3.6 Technology Acquisition and
Promotion Unit - - - - - 34
2.4.3.7 Biotechnology Development Unit - - - 37
2.4.3.8 Information Technology
Development Unit - - - - - 38
3. CONCLUSION - - - - - - - - 38
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List of Figures
Figure Title Page
1 Proposed Organogram of the Centre for
Entrepreneurship Development and Knowledge
Transfer (CEDKT) 40
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1. BRIEF ON UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, MAKURDI
1.1 Establishment
The University of Agriculture, Makurdi (UAM) is one of the two Universities of Agriculture
established by the Federal Government in January, 1988. A third one was added in 1993.
UAM succeeded the Makurdi Campus of the University of Jos (established in 1984), which
in turn had succeeded the former Federal University of Technology, Makurdi (established in
1980). The University was set up to pioneer new institutional approaches to the generation
and dissemination of new agricultural technologies. The University of Agriculture, Makurdi
was established against the background of an existing network of faculties of Agriculture inabout 24 Federal owned general Universities and 14 State-owned Universities; 18
autonomous agricultural research institutions; extension services of the Agricultural
Development Projects and a multiplicity of tertiary institutions offering sub-degree programs
in agriculture.
1.2 Location
UAM is located in Makurdi, the capital of Benue State of Nigeria, a State generally known asthe Food Basket of Nigeria. The ecology of Benue State supports extensive arable cropping
and livestock production as well as fruit, palm, grains, legumes, root and tuber production.
Benue State falls within the coordinates 747 and 1000 East, 625 and 88 North.
1.3 Mission and Mandate
The University of Agriculture, Makurdi aims at providing prompt solutions to farmers
practical problems, raising farm output and incomes and accelerating the drive towardsnational food self-sufficiency. Specifically, UAM has been established to:
Generate new high yielding agricultural technologies that are sufficiently adapted andrelevant to specific local environments.
Accelerate diffusion and mass adoption of new technologies on Nigerian farms througheffective linkages with State extension service:
Sensitize researchers to the pressing needs of farmers, agro-industrialists and consumerswith respect to production technology;
Bring the fruits of science to the doorstep of agro-industrial establishments in the form,amounts and time that they are needed most;
Bring to the attention of agricultural researchers pressing problems on farmers fieldswith minimum delay:
Train needed manpower that is consistent with the requirements of an integrated researchextension system, and
Assist in substantially raising farm output and incomes of Nigerian farmers as well as
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practical farm planning, production and marketing and a period of supervised farming
internship at the village level. The basic philosophy then is the democratization and
liberalization of the scientific transformation of Nigerian agriculture with small scale
farmers in the vanguard.
Approach: In the execution of its primary mandate and mission, the University of
Agriculture, Makurdi is expected to introduce innovative and revolutionary approaches to
agricultural research extension and training. These include among others:
Development of strong disciplinary core, with emphasis on applications in the generalareas of crop production and husbandry: animal production and veterinary sciences;
agricultural economics, rural sociology and home economics; agricultural engineering
and technology: basic sciences and general studies, to provide strong training for the largenumber of subject-matter specialist required at all levels;
Development of a virile outreach and extension service based on a two way LAB-TO-LAND strategy aimed at promptly conveying research results from researchers
laboratories to farmers fields and for relaying farmers field problems to researchers in
the University;
Development of a revitalized and reorganized co-operative extension system jointlyoperated by the State Ministries of Agriculture, the World Bank assisted Agricultural
Development Projects (ADPs) and other agencies on one hand, and the outreachprogrammes of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi on the other, with emphasis on the
development of a core subject-matter specialists;
Cultivation of research linkages between the 18 agricultural research institutes and theoutreach programmes of the University;
Development of a mission oriented agricultural research system that focuses on thepractical problems of accelerated food and fibre production, storage, processing and
utilization through the provision of an innovative package of adequate incentives for
career advancement of researchers and extension workers engaged in finding solutions to
practical problems of farmers and agro-industrialists;
Concentration on the more applied forms of agricultural research which address pressingpractical farm-level problems;
Development of training facilities and communication technologies for imparting newfarming skills to Nigerian farmers through on-the job training;
Development of strong links between researchers in various disciplines in the Universityand subject-matter specialist in the Universitys outreach programme to enhance the
practical relevance of faculty research and staff, and finally
The University of Agriculture, Makurdi will conduct research and outreach programmesin the areas of storage, preservation, processing and marketing to enhance rural value
added, reduce post-harvest losses and translate farm production increases into higher
producer income gains for Nigerias farming majority.
1.5 Academic Units
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College of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Management Technologyo Department of Agricultural Economics; B. Agric (Agricultural Economics)o Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication; B. Agric (Agricultural
Extension and Communication)
o Department of Agricultural Management College of Agriculture and Science Education
o Department of Agricultural Science Education; B. Agricultural Educationo Department of Science Education; B. Sc (Ed) Statistics/Computer Science, B. Sc
(Ed) Mathematics/Computer Science, B. Sc (Ed) Integrated Science, B. Sc (Ed)
Chemistry, B. Sc (Ed) Biology, B. Sc (Ed) Physics, B Sc (Ed)
Mathematics/Statistics,
College of Animal Scienceo Department of Animal Production; B. Agric (Animal Production)o Department of Animal Nutrition; B. Agric (Animal Nutrition)o Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology; B. Agric (Animal Breeding and
Physiology)
College of Engineeringo Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering; B. Eng (Agricultural
and Environmental Engineering)
o Department of Civil Engineering; B. Eng (Civil Engineering)o Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering; B. Eng (Electrical/Electronic
Engineering)
o Department of Mechanical Engineering; B. Eng (Mechanical Engineering) College of Food Technology
o Department of Home Science and Management; B. Sc (Home Science andManagement)
o Department of Food Science and Technology; B. Sc (Food Science andTechnology)
College of Forestry and Fisherieso Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture; B. Fisho Department of Forestry Production and Products; B. For (Forestry, Wildlife and
Range Management)
o Department of Social and Environmental Forestryo Department of Wildlife and Range Management
College of Scienceo
Department of Biological Sciences; B. Sc Zoology, B. Sc Microbiology, B. ScBotany, B. Sc Biochemistry
o Department of Chemistry; B. Sc Chemistryo Department of Maths/Stat/Computer Science; B. Sc (Hons) Statistics/Computer
Science, B. Sc (Hons) Mathematics/Computer Science
o Department of Physics; B. Sc Physics, B. Sc Industrial Physicso Department of Educational Foundation and General Studies
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o Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology; Doctor of VeterinaryMedicine
o Department of Veterinary Animal Productiono Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomologyo Department of Veterinary Anatomyo Department of Veterinary Medicine
Postgraduate School Directorate of Linkages Directorate of Alumni Relations Directorate of Research Development Directorate of Cooperative Extension Centre (CEC) Directorate of Academic Planning Directorate, Seed Technology Centre Institute of Food Security (IFS) University Teaching and Research Farms University Commercial Farms Information and Communication Technology Centre (ICTC) UAM Consultancy Services
Veterinary Teaching Hospital SIWES1.6 Objectives of Undergraduate Education at University of Agriculture, MakurdiThe undergraduate programme is tailored towards fulfilling the developmental aspirations of
developing agriculture, including the objectives of the new National Agricultural Policy.
These include: (1) accelerated production with the aim of attaining self-sufficiency in basic
food and fibre; (2) enhancement of farm incomes; (3) increased foreign exchange earning
from agriculture as contribution to the diversification of the country's total foreign exchange
earnings; (4) provision of raw materials for the country's agro-industrialization; (5) promotion
of rural employment and, (6) enhancement of National Food Security. The objectives of the
undergraduate training programme at UNIAGRIC, Makurdi are, among others, to:
Enhance students' understanding of the role of agriculture and rural development in thecountry's accelerated drive towards food and fibre self-reliance and self-sufficiency,
economic reconstruction and social justice, thereby enabling agriculture to fulfill its
historical mission in the country's overall economic growth;
Inculcate the basic principles in the physical, social and biological sciences relevant foragricultural production, processing, storage, preservation and consumption;
Teach students the relationship between human needs and resources, farm productionactivities and the environment and between production systems and the underlying socio-
cultural milieu;
Inculcate in the students the fundamental issues of economic interdependence in a global
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Sensitize students to the practical farming problems encountered by village-level farmersto provide a solid foundation for post graduation self-employment and to enhance their
effectiveness as extension agents, and
Inculcate in students the most effective communicative techniques for disseminatinginformation on new technologies to farmers, agro-industrialists and consumers.
2. CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER (CEDKT)
2.1 Background
National governments the world over are striving to achieve the United Nations Millennium
Development Goals (MDG) of halving the incidence of poverty by 2015 but poverty cannot
be halved if unemployment persists. However, what we need now is not rhetoric, not
theorizing, not just creating new ideas but action towards solving the real domineering
problems of unemployment and poverty in Nigeria. The educational system in Nigeria has
passed through series of transformations geared towards repositioning it to be science and
technology based and to supply the needed manpower to transform the Nigerian economy
from that of traditional agricultural based to an industrialized economy. Today the Nigeriangovernment is implementing some reforms in our educational systems in a bid to
repositioning our educational system and making it better poised to meeting the demands of
industry. There is therefore the need to promote and foster entrepreneurial culture and mind-
set, skill acquisition, self-employment, economic independence and self-actualization among
the graduates of the University system.
Our graduates must imbibe the entrepreneurial spirit which is manifested in persistence,
confidence, boldness, foresight and sacrifice. They must have the poise to start their own
small scale enterprise and possess good/practical knowledge of basic business management,
business development service and acquire life skills and leadership qualities required to lead
an organization. He/she should have practical orientation to solving problems and must be
ready to apply the knowledge acquired in the University. Thus the task of moulding our
graduates towards achieving these products would require the active cooperation and
involvement of the students, the lecturers and the university administration.
The unemployment situation in Nigeria has been traced to poor entrepreneurship
development in addition to macroeconomic distortions. Besides, dwindling academicstandards in our tertiary institutions has exacerbated this problem, and this is quite
worrisome. Also, the high incidence of poverty which has shaken the economic foundations
of our country demands urgent attention in order to save our economy and our people. In
order to reverse these ugly trends, and in line with the federal government policy of
promoting private sector participation in economic development, the University of
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2.2 The Role of Entrepreneurship in Nation Building
Training in entrepreneurship has been used by such countries like Germany to set up unique
engineering oriented business programmes in the University where their potential engineersare encouraged to seek out ideas, and subsequently develop the promising ones from
invention phase to commercialization. Furthermore, entrepreneurship programmes developed
in some Universities have graduated into business schools. For example countries like
Norway have utilized entrepreneurship to inculcate innovation spirit, deliberately targeted at
the youths. This example proves what educators have opined that entrepreneurship education
will enable potential entrepreneurs and create avenues for people to manage innovations,
manage entrepreneurial process and develop their potentials as managers of creativity in
given fields.
These programmes if properly planned and executed will ensure that the issue of self-
employment and job creation will increase. On the other hand, menaces usually visible due to
youth unemployment and restiveness will be highly reduced. This reality is one of the
greatest challenges facing leaders in Nigeria.
Nigerian education is currently at a crossroad as far as producing individuals who will work
to deserve and justify their pay, work independently, globally and bring creativity into theirwork place. The current mismatch between what Nigerian economy needs and what Nigerian
youths are made to study in school is becoming very appalling.
The result of a three week large scale, rapid survey jointly sponsored by National University
Commission (NUC) and Education Trust Fund (ETF) to determine the needs of the labour
market that Nigeria University graduates are failing to meet, showed that of 100 individuals
and 20 organizations visited, 44% rated Nigerian science graduates as average in competence,
56% rated them as average in innovation, 50% rated them average in rational judgement,
63% as average in leadership skills, 44% as average in creativity. On needed skills like
literacy, oral communication, information technology, entrepreneurial, analytical, problem
solving and decision making, 60% rated them as poor. This data can be said to explain why
there has been very obvious increase in unemployment rate. One of the reason given was that
these graduates were simply unemployable.
Furthermore, the graduates were said to exhibit the following weaknesses according to the
NUC/ETF report.
Poor classroom management and control Shallow subject matter knowledge Poor computer skills Inability to communicate effectively in English Lack of professionalism Lack of self reliance and entrepreneurial skills
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words, they are provided with information, knowledge, skills, attitudes that would enable
them perform well as business men and women. They will turnout to be business men who
have developed business capacities and are learning to make money. These competences will
in turn help them display their zeal for nation building in a very efficient manner. Anythingshort of these realities will be handling Nigerian problems of repositioning the youths with
kid gloves.
2.3 Establishment of the Centre
2.3.1 Historical Antecedents in Nigerian Higher Institutions
Entrepreneurship education is on the priority agenda of the Musa YarAdua ledAdministration in Nigeria. This is especially in realisation of the need to redress the problem
of graduate unemployment in the country and create job opportunities for the teeming
Nigerian youths. The task before tertiary institutions therefore is to change the mindset of our
youths towards creativity, innovation and enterprise in order for them to be job creators rather
than job seekers. To achieve this objective, the Federal Government has approved the
mandatory introduction of entrepreneurship education in all institutions of higher learning in
Nigeria. The training in this programme will entail both theoretical and practical exposure,
including mentoring and get up and go schemes.
To this end, the Federal Ministry of Education has directed all the tertiary education
regulatory agencies to ensure the implementation of the Presidential directive. Accordingly, a
Presidential Committee on Entrepreneurship Education in Nigerian Higher Education
Institutions has been established under the Chairmanship of the National Universities
Commission. The Committee has evolved a three block approach of capacity building,
establishment of Centres of Entrepreneurship and Knowledge Transfer, as well as micro-
finance scheme.
Global entrepreneurship development practices indicate that whereas some institutions may
create self-contained courses and programs aimed at generic entrepreneurial competencies,
some may embed the skills into occupational programs, and others may create real or
simulated enterprises as learning environments. Nigeria has chosen the embedded or
integrating skills approach which assumes that entrepreneurship is a fork on a career path
that begins with employment - a job where students acquire the skills they need to one day
make it on their own. To support this notion, entrepreneurial skills and habits are integrated
into the curricula of other occupational programs, addressing problems typically encounteredby new and small-business owners.
In the case of the institutions under the supervision of the National Board for Technical
Education (NBTE), arrangements have been concluded to implement governments directive
on the introduction of entrepreneurial education in all programmes in these institutions.
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GST 223: Introduction to Entrepreneurial Skills (2 Credits) ESP 311: Introduction to Entrepreneurship Studies (2 Credits)This is a benchmark minimum academic standard for the Entrepreneurship Studies
Programme (ESP) for the Universities with effect from 2007/2008 academic session. Someprogrammes in the University of Agriculture, Makurdi have already embedded
entrepreneurship education in the curriculum. However, there is need for harmonisation
across all programmes in the University.
The Government of Nigeria has also directed that entrepreneurship study centers must be
established in all Universities to ensure students are fully given hands-on opportunity to
acquire the requisite skills of their preference. This is in view to complementing the
compulsory entrepreneurship programme offered students.
2.3.2 The Name of the Centre:
There shall be established at the University of Agriculture, Makurdi a centre to be called
Centre for Entrepreneurship Development and Knowledge Transfer otherwise abbreviated
CEDKT.
2.3.3 Status of the Centre:
The Centre shall operate as an academic centre under the office of the Vice Chancellor
2.3.4 Rationale for the Centre
There is high rate of unemployment in Nigeria conservatively estimated at over 25%. Most
secondary school leavers and university graduates in Nigeria are unemployed and again, it is
estimated that over 71% of students who graduate from Nigeria Universities, Polytechnics
and Colleges of Education do not find jobs (Daily Independent, Feb. 7, 2007:A4). In fact,
unemployment has become chronic over the years, depopulating the rural areas and
aggravating the evils of slums in cities and even townships. The facts on ground show that
the population is increasing and job opportunities are getting leaner and leaner. The
implications of these are the unwholesome attitude and restiveness of our youths. In fact,
unemployment, among others, has exacerbated social ills and delinquent behaviour among
youths, especially armed robbery, political thuggery, militancy, terrorism and advance fee
fraud, with government spending a lot of money on crime control.
There is falling standard of education and poor quality of graduates. In Nigeria currently,
secondary school and university education turn out a large chunk of unskilled, un-
enterprising and unemployable school leavers and graduates. A study conducted on labour
market expectations of Nigeria graduates found that university education in Nigeria does not
adequately prepare graduates for employment/self-employment. This is manifested in the
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There is lack of entrepreneurial spirit among secondary school leavers and higher education
graduates. Most secondary school leavers and university graduates always focus their minds
on job search without thinking of how they could use the knowledge they have acquired to
create jobs.
Most streets in Nigeria are littered with robust youths, often secondary schools graduates and
dropouts, engaged in motorcycle transport and in street hawking. Besides the dangers these
youths are exposed to, they are often accused of incessant robbery and assassination crimes
often witnessed in most States of Nigeria. The banning or restriction of their operations in
some cities in Nigeria attests to this fact. A rapid appraisal of the situation shows that most
of these youths engage in these activities because they lack requisite skills and empowerment
that will enhance self employment. The CEDKT will help train these people in requisite skillsthereby empowering them for self reliance and thus enhancing the reduction in crimes often
attributed to them. In addition, the secondary school curriculum was expected to empower
school leavers in practical science and technology skills. However, this laudable objective has
never been achieved especially due to lack of qualified teachers and requisite facilities to
enhance skill acquisition. Thus the CEDKT will fill this gap by providing the practical skills
to the school leavers and will go further to train them on how they could use the acquired
skills and manage their own businesses. Furthermore, the Students Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) designed to enable students acquire practical industrial trainingthrough industrial attachment has been marred by a multiplicity of problems such as funding
difficulties, students truancy, monitoring and supervision difficulties, industry placement
shortfall, and incongruence between university curriculum and industrial production
practices. The establishment of the Centre will achieve in a cost effective manner, the
objective of SIWES.
The establishment of the Centre is therefore justified for the following reasons, among others
to:
generate employment opportunities for Nigerians in pursuance of the provisions of theNational Economic Empowerment Development Strategy (NEEDS). It will therefore
enhance the actualization of NEEDS especially in the areas of employment generation,
poverty reduction and wealth creation. The goals are wealth creation, employment
generation, poverty reduction and value reorientation while the implementation strategies
include empowering the people, promoting private enterprises, among others;
develop entrepreneurship spirit amongst Nigerians and provide insight into the tools,techniques and framework for managing all functional areas of business enterprises,
including production, marketing, personnel and finance; develop skills of would be entrepreneurs to successfully start, expand, diversify and
manage a business enterprise as well as link them with financial institutions to start up
capital;
raise a new class of entrepreneur/owners, who can compete globally and succeed inmanaging micro/small/medium enterprises and provide the bridge for future
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2.3.5 Vision
The vision is a fully empowered Nigerian youth through the catalytic and pioneering role of
micro, small and medium enterprises made possible through entrepreneurship developmentand knowledge transfer.
2.3.6 Mission
The mission is to promote entrepreneurial culture and mind-set, skill acquisition, self-
employment, economic independence and self-actualization through free enterprise
education.
2.3.7 Funding
The CEDKT shall be funded through statutory allocations, internally generated revenue
activities of the Centre and University, government, special grants/subventions, contributions
and donations from agencies, governmental and non-governmental organisations (national
and international) and outsourcing of funds. The Centre shall demonstrate entrepreneurship
through involvement in revenue generation activities, which activities will serves as hands on
experience or get-up-and-go schemes for trainees. Funding is required to run and maintainthe equipment, facilities and services of the Centre.
2.3.8 Organizational Structure
In order to deliver on its core objectives, the Centre shall be organized into multi-disciplinary
areas according to programmes as there is a business side to every subject or course of study.
There shall be a Director for the Centre to be appointed by the Vice Chancellor. There shall
be a Deputy Director who shall also be appointed by the Vice Chancellor. There shall be an
Advisory Board made up of the following:
Deans of Colleges Directors of Academic Directorates College Entrepreneurship Courses Coordinators Faculty Advisor, Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE), University of Agriculture, Makurdi President, SIFE, University of Agriculture, Makurdi (Student) President, Academy for Entrepreneurship (AES) Club, University of Agriculture,
Makurdi (Student)
Chairman, AES Club Board of Advisers, University of Agriculture, Makurdi SIFE-UAM Business Advisory Board Members Benue State NYSC Entrepreneurship Programme Coordinator SIFE National Programmes Coordinator or his Representative President, Academy for Entrepreneurial Studies, Nigeria or his Representative
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The Honourable Commissioner, Ministry of Youth and Sports Development, Benue State President, National Association of Small Scale Industrialists (NASSI), Benue State
Chapter
President, Benue State Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Manufacturing and Agriculture(BECCIMA)
Chairmen of Chapters of Relevant Professional Bodies in Benue State Heads of all Military and Paramilitary Formations in Benue State or their RepresentativesThe detailed organisational structure is shown in Figure 1.
2.3.9 Personnel Requirements
All personnel requirements are to be sourced within the University as much as possible.
2.3.9.1Administrative Staff
1 No. Director
1 No. Deputy Director
1 No. Deputy Registrar CEDKT Secretary/Legal Adviser
1 No. Confidential Secretary I
1 No. Chief Secretarial Assistant2 No. Clerical Officers
2 No. Messenger/Cleaners
2.3.9.2 Subject Matter Experts
3 No. Head of CEDKT Departments
16 No. Head of CEDKT Units
9 No. College Entrepreneurship Courses Coordinators36 No. Departmental Entrepreneurship Courses Coordinators
2 No. Professional Staff per Skills Acquisition Trade
2.3.10 Institutional Linkages
The need for linkage relationships with bodies external to the University derives from the
multidisciplinary nature of the enterprise of the Centre, which requires technical inputs from
diverse professional areas. In the University, this diversity is guaranteed by the presence of a
large pool of experts located in the academic departments and other areas. The success of the
Centre in implementing its programmes depends largely on the presence of suitable
mechanisms for establishing internal linkages to tap from the available expertise. The
establishment of the Centre is not only premised on the possibility of internal linkages withColleges, Departments and other Centres but also on external links as the intellectual and
technical resource base for entrepreneurial outreach works The external linkages would
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National Office of Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP) National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA) National Board for Technology Incubation (NBTI) The Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) National Universities Commission (NUC) Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE), Nigeria Academy for Entrepreneurial Studies(AES), Nigeria Education Trust Fund (ETF) Science and Technology Education Post-Basic (STEP-B) Project
The World Bank Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
2.4. Departments/Units of the Centre
2.4.1 Entrepreneurial Programme Services Department
The programme services department will consist of five units:
Entrepreneurship and Skills Acquisition Unit Training, Conferences, Seminars and Workshops Unit Grants, Collaborative Research, Linkages and Networking Unit Entrepreneurship Publications and Extension Unit Enterprises Management Unit2.4.1.1Entrepreneurship and Skills Acquisition Unit
Entrepreneurship is not just skill acquisition for acquisition sake. It is acquisition of skills,
ideas, etc for the sake of creating employment for self and others. It leads to the development
of micro, small, medium and sometimes large scale businesses based on creativity and
innovation. The success of these businesses in turn helps in building and developing the
nation. It also reduces poverty rate, which is a visible increment of employment rate among
the youths. However entrepreneurship requires training. It is becoming clear that certain
parts of it can be taught. Entrepreneurs are made through teaching but could also be born.
The programme is equally built on the premise that traditional vocational training
programmes for youths, lack the entrepreneurship and business management training that
would enable graduates to set up and manage viable and/or sustainable enterprises.
Subsequently there is a gap between vocational skills training programs and marketopportunities that exist.
In its approach, the entrepreneurship training will employ the market demand-driven
approach through periodic scientific action-oriented market research to identify relevant
vocational skills training for the youth. The programme will not employ the traditional
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Some of the ventures recommended by NUC to be focused upon include the following:
1. Soap/detergent, tooth brushes and tooth paste making
2. Photography
3. Brick, nails, screws making4. Dyeing/textile blocks paste making
5. Rope making
6. Plumbing
7. Vulcanising
8. Brewing
9. Glassware production/ceramic production
10. Paper production
11. Water treatment/conditioning/packaging12. Food processing/packaging/preservation
13. Metal working/fabrication - steel and aluminium door and windows
14. Training industry
15. Vegetable oil and salt extractions
16. Fisheries/aquaculture
17. Refrigeration/air conditioning
18. Plastic making
19. Farming (crop)20. Domestic electrical wiring
21. Radio/TV repairs
22. Carving
23. Weaving
24. Brick laying/making
25. Bakery
26. Tailoring
27. Iron welding
28. Building drawing29. Carpentry
30. Leather tanning
31. Interior decoration
32. Printing
33. Animal husbandry (poultry, piggery, goat, etc)
34. Metal craft blacksmith, tinsmith, etc
35. Sanitary wares
36. Vehicle maintenance37. Bookkeeping
2.4.1.2 Training, Conferences, Seminars and Workshops Unit
The Centre shall be poised to inspire, educate and motivate our youths and the unemployed
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Certificate courses in various topics on entrepreneurship ranging from a period of 2weeks and 6 months duration.
Short training courses on key areas of capacity building of 3-5 days duration Workshops, conferences, seminars, etc of 1-2 days duration for creation of awareness on
topical entrepreneurial and knowledge transfer issues
Business plan competitions among students Industry visits and excursions Role model interactions and mentoringThe training concept evolves from the realization that while entrepreneurs are neither born
nor made, potential entrepreneurs can be developed and stimulated to start their own
businesses through appropriate interventions. The program will provide such interventionthrough a package of sub-programs consisting of training, consultancy and financing. The
entrepreneurship training does not and cannot spoon-feed entrepreneurs, but will strongly
support the full development of the potentials and capabilities of independent - minded and
self-confident entrepreneurs who can successfully exploit business opportunities and
overcome challenges in the environment.
The training programme will be built on the notion that prescribing fixed solutions to
entrepreneurs only stifles innovation, increases dependence and reduces competitiveness. Ifentrepreneurs are good and confident enough to carry out their business and if their business
through systematic evaluation appears viable, they should be supported by finance and other
types of assistance. The program itself will not provide direct business financing to its
graduates; it will ensure the participation and cooperation of financing institutions actively
involved in lending to small enterprises within the national micro finance policy framework
developed by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
The Unit will constantly work towards making Nigerians aware of the potentials of theresources God has endowed the nation with through the media, publications, exhibitions,
seminars, conferences and workshops.
2.4.1.3 Grants, Collaborative Research, Linkages and Networking Unit
To industrialize our country, the university lecturer must reach out to government,
community, industry and the whole world. He should avail himself of opportunities to do
research and advance. Without research, he/she cannot bring new ideas capable of
entrepreneurially transforming our youths into his lecture notes. Thus beside the meagre
research funds provided by the Government, the lecturers should avail themselves of
international competitive grants that abound. There is need to prepare a shopping list to
guide and actively assist lecturers in this regard.
A university lecturer should reach out to the industry through his/her cutting edge research
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available to improve their relevance and establish linkages with industry and private sector in
teaching and research.
The Unit will therefore partner with trade groups, NGOs, government ministries, departmentsand agencies, research and technological institutions and multilateral/donor agencies, etc to
create a dynamic network of stakeholders in the development of entrepreneurship in Nigeria
through innovation, teaching, research and development.
2.4.1.4Entrepreneurship Publications and Extension Unit
The Centres activities and records of achievements shall be documented in research reports,
technical memoranda, technical information bulletin for industry, annual reports,compendium of selected technologies for industrial development in Nigeria, and development
of technological capabilities in Nigeria. There are innovations and research efforts supported
by the university but majority of which are yet to receive robust academic reviews to assist
case analysis. Hence, the need to document answers to the following questions: How often
has the University been a first mover? How many awards have the University won for
innovation and creativity? What radical changes has the University inspired in the
educational sector? To what extent has the University made things to happen in the
educational sector? What are the Universitys challenges in dealing with plagiarization of
research works?
The CEDKT intends to fill this yawning gap by
publicizing patterns of innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship in the University; encouraging the development of structural models of innovation behaviour among
individuals in the university; and
evolving criteria for profiling and celebrating innovative students, employees anddepartments for purpose of awards
undertaking the preparation, publication and dissemination of useful technicalinformation to industries and researchers.
The extension component will have as objectives
to persuade public and private organizations to sustain entrepreneurial culture amongyouths;
design extension programmes to inspire innovative youths in creating technology drivennew firms;
identify several titles on emerging innovation horizons in the University due for funding;and
seek support for research towards evolving an entrepreneurship theory based on theNigerian perspective.
engage in technology transfer activities to the public through training courses anddi i ti f f ibilit t d l id lt i t
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Partnership of the University with the NYSC Benue State Entrepreneurship Initiative (an
example of the University entrepreneurship extension/outreach programme)
The Benue State NYSC entrepreneurship initiative is a scheme where young graduates posted
within the state are being trained in different fields of endeavour, which prepare and give
them entrepreneurship skills and exposes them to the new technological outfits, which makes
them better equipped for job opportunity and self reliance. The University has therefore gone
into partnership with the NYSC to train and equip NYSC members in the following areas:
Garri factory mini industry repairs of existing machine; expert advice and coaching onhow to manage the machines, production and packaging techniques
Factory for fish pond how to build a fish pond and its maintenance, how to brood fishfingerlings and train corps members on its production; expert advice and coaching onhow to manage a fish farm and how to make feeds
Poultry farm repair of old existing farm site; expert advice on poultry keeping, makingfeeds and healthcare of birds
Groundnut paste production what machineries to be used, chemicals needed and how toset up production factory and all equipment; expert advice and coaching on how to
process, package and store
Cassava pellets production machine for production of cassava pellets drying machine,packaging machine, processes of preservation; expert advice and coaching on allprocessing techniques, packaging and maintenance of machines
Fruit juice production extraction, sucking machines, packaging techniques andequipment maintenance; expert advice and coaching on all processing techniques,
packaging and maintenance of machines
The University, through a group of experts, is therefore providing services to the NYSC in
the area of factory building, equipping, maintenance and training of corp members on the
different aspects of processing, packaging, sealing and labelling and getting all processed rawmaterials ready for the market.
2.4.1.5Enterprises Management UnitIt is expected that the Centre would embark on several enterprises to serve as wealth creation,
to provide hands on experiences for both staff and students and for purpose of generating
revenue for funding some of the activities of the Centre. This Unit shall therefore be
responsible for the day-to-day running/operation of all the enterprises responsible for the supervision of all entrepreneurship education practical experience in
the assigned institutional enterprise;
responsible for the welfare and training of all staff; responsible for project execution in line with the project specifications; responsible for procurement, delivery and commissioning of equipment for all project
i
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2.4.2 Entrepreneurial Curriculum Development and Implementation Department
The universities need to be accountable to the students, parents, government and the generalpublic. Employers are wary of the university products in Nigeria and they are in need of
competent graduates. The public service is right sizing and the government is promoting
private sector initiatives. In the face of current realities, universities are being called upon
not only to tailor curricula to local labor market needs, but also to build entrepreneurs who
can be on their own. The universities in Nigeria should start by tailoring the curriculum to
meet the demands of the industry and that of a self reliant graduate. For example, new
curricula can be introduced to encourage students in public health to use their knowledge in
community projects. The curriculum development and implementation department willconsist of three units:
Entrepreneurship Counselling Unit College/Departmental Entrepreneurship Courses Coordinating Unit Students Entrepreneurial Organisations Unit2.4.2.1Entrepreneurship Counselling Unit
The students need to be given counselling in the areas of entrepreneurship. First, the students should avoid all bad behaviours and vices, namely cultism,
examination malpractice, drunkenness among others and face their studies. Previous
record shows that students that indulge in these vices rarely graduate from the university.
If they manage to graduate, they go on and build a career in crime and usually end up
badly as they become target of security agents. Besides, the natural law of what you sow
is what you reap will always take its full course.
Second, to become entrepreneurial, the students should always demand for better andpractical knowledge from their lecturers. This they can do not by carrying placards or
insulting their lecturers but in a polite and respectful manner.
Students can equally improve their performance by forming study group/innovation clubsand associations. Study groups share material, ideas and information about latest
developments in their areas of study. Study groups help students to develop a practical
orientation to problem solving as they brain storm and seek solutions to problems. Study
group/innovation clubs should not be strictly for studying for examination. Such clubs
will develop new ideas and if possible bring it to the market place through the help of
their lecturers and the university administration.
Skill acquisition should be the watchword of any student who wants to be entrepreneurial- ICT skills, Language Skills, Engineering skills, among others. At the end of each
vacation, a skill thirsty student would have picked up one skill. Who said that a graduate
of engineering should not possess tailoring skills, or that a graduate of linguistics should
not be an ICT specialist or a programmer. Hard work pays.
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industry and to become self reliant after graduation. The era of training students to meet the
demands of public service has gone.
The goal of the college/departmental entrepreneurship courses is to inculcate in the traineesthe ability to:
assess his/her strength and ability; seek information and advice; make decisions; plan his/her time and energy; carry through an agreed responsibility; communicate and negotiate; deal with people in power and authority; solve problems, resolve conflict; evaluate performance and use feedback to improve; and cope with stress and tension; and achieve self confidenceThis may be achieved through the implementation of the following work schedules by the
coordinators at the college/departmental levels as follows:
arrange the composition of the training team for the entrepreneurship courses; arrange the experiential enterprise training for the students for the entrepreneurship
courses
collate result of students in the entrepreneurship courses; submit reports on the implementation of the curriculum for the entrepreneurship courses
as appropriate;
arrange the logistics of entrepreneurial extra-curricula activities and out of class learningvisits for students in an entrepreneurship course;
coordinate/supervise all activities of the entrepreneurship courses; design and organize the on-the-job training workshops for all staff involved in the
teaching/coordination of entrepreneurship courses every semester;
make recommendations on the composition of the teaching team for each course; design and organize the train-the trainer workshops for all staff every semester; and carry out all other duties as may be assigned by the DirectorTypical Curriculum Re-engineering in University of Agriculture, Makurdi:
In order to train students who will graduate to be job creators and not job seekers, the
University introduced a General Studies course GST 213: Basic Management and
Entrepreneurial Skills (2 Credits) for all 200-level students in the University. At the level of
the College of Engineering another General Engineering Studies Course has been introduced
EGS 302: Entrepreneurship Studies (2 Credits) for all 300-level students of the College At
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adopted in all other Colleges and Departments in the University. The major impediment to
curriculum changes at the level of institutions is the fact that the NUCs minimum standard
seem actually to be the maximum standard.
2.4.2.3 Students Entrepreneurial Organisations Unit
There are two students entrepreneurial organisations currently operating in the University of
Agriculture, Makurdi. There is therefore the need for the coordination of the activities of
theses student organisations and other similar ones that may come up in the future.
(a) Students In Free Enterprise (www.sife.org)
Students In Free Enterprise (SIFE) is a unique worldwide organisation that strategically links
students, universities and businesses. SIFE encourages the personal and professional
development of new business leaders, the creation and exchange of new research, the
dissemination of successful business practices, teaching of others how to succeed, and a high
level of communication between all parties. SIFEs mission is to provide tertiary students the
best opportunity to make a difference and to develop leadership, communication, and
teamwork skills through learning, practicing and teaching the principles of enterprise and
innovation in a market economy. SIFE students take what they are learning in their
classrooms about business and use such to solve real life problems for real people. SIFEs
vision is helping people achieve their dreams through free enterprise education and providing
students the best opportunity to make a difference by developing leadership through
teamwork and teaching others the principles of free enterprise.
The vision and mission of SIFE is to direct students mind and soul and body from its early
stage into ethical self-reliance mode. To achieve this, is to directly involve and create in
students mind the values of entrepreneurship and free enterprise through the learning,
practicing and teaching of leadership, teamwork and communication skills. It is the businessof SIFE to inculcate early in life, the idea of fending for ones self and not always aiming and
waiting for government jobs and other employments; how to be ones own boss by starting,
developing and managing business; how to help change the poor life in our community, other
communities as well as what they learn in the classroom and use their knowledge to better
communities as well as establish a variety of communities outreach programmes that teach
free enterprise. It teaches concepts such as planning organizing, budgeting, accounting,
supply and demand. SIFE judging criteria is anchored on Market Economics, Success Skills,
Entrepreneurship, Financial Literacy, Business Ethics and Program Sustainability.
Aptly captured, the MISSION of SIFE is to provide College and University students the best
opportunity to make a difference and to develop leadership, teamwork and communication
skills through learning, practicing and teaching principles of FREE ENTERPRISE. The
VISION of SIFE which is helping people achieve their dreams through free enterprise
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The University of Agriculture as an institution is a member of this worldwide organization.
The University administration as a matter of policy encourages the students by sponsoring
their trips for SIFE organized competitions. SIFE-UAM Team has successfully executedseveral world class SIFE projects which has imparted and created economic opportunities for
hundreds of people within Benue State. All these projects individually meet the SIFE
assessment criteria and have earned the University many awards.
(b) Academy for Entrepreneurial Studies, Nigeria (www.aes_nig.edu ).
Academy for Entrepreneurial Studies (AES) is an initiative of the Organized Private Sector
(with members drawn from Manufacturers Association of Nigeria, Institute of Directors(IoD), Nigeria, Chambers of Commerce, Nigerian Society of Engineers, etc) and the Public
Sector (the Academia and Public Service). Its main thrust is the development of leadership
and entrepreneurial spirit in all fields of endeavor. It is both managerially and motivationally
oriented, mobilizing students to be visionary, wealth creators, economically viable,
financially independent, and above all, to be mentally and physically healthy to enjoy
acquired wealth.
The AES Vision: To build world class workers, leaders and entrepreneurs with character,
while perfecting the effectiveness of the existing ones as role models.
The AES Mission: To offer training and degree awarding programmes for students, workers,
leaders and entrepreneurs geared towards creating wealth, eradicating unemployment,
mediocrity in the work place.
The membership of the Academy which is categorized into three namely; Fellow (F.AES),
Member (M.AES), Associate (A.AES) is open to all undergraduates, fresh graduates
(NYSC), prospective and practicing entrepreneurs, business leaders, civil servants, bankers,
workers in the private and public sectors, managers, traders, civil servants, assistant/deputydirectors, and directors in the civil service and government parastatals, and everyone who
desires success and has met the criteria for such membership. The benefits to members
include:
Avenue for networking with other well established and accomplished technocrats,business leaders and government functionaries.
Opportunity to contribute to governments budget proposals and periodic budget analysisthereafter.
Job opportunities Local & International Access to business opportunities - locally and internationally Sound academic and practical training on entrepreneurship, leadership and career. Exposure of members to financial matters and windows for business finance. Development of spirit of excellence and enterprise in the workplace. Benefit from micro credit scheme and cooperati es for creation of enterprises amongst
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Discussion/Rebate at major hotels, airlines and membership clubs nationwide. Use of the acronym A.AES/M.AES/F.AES, after ones name. Free Group Personal Insurance cover against accident, injury or death. Referral to embassies for visas for foreign business trips. Opportunity for nomination for National Productivity Award and other National Awards Status and level upgrade in their organizations. Opportunity to parley with various tiers of government. Opportunity to benefit from National Independence Award to recognize the contribution
and accomplishment of our outstanding members.
To encourage students to register with the academy, the University of Agriculture, Makurdi
Administration has approved a guaranteed financial incentive of 3,000 NGN per student forany student who wishes to register under AES special package for institutions.
2.4.3 Entrepreneurship and Industrial Research Department
The entrepreneurship and industrial research department will have the following units:
Technology Incubation Unit Science, Technology and Engineering Infrastructure Unit Industrial Research Unit Raw Materials and Research Development Unit Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Unit Technology Acquisition and Promotion Unit Biotechnology Development Unit Information Technology Development Unit2.4.3.1 Technology Incubation Unit
The National Technology Incubation Programme (TIP) is a variable institutional mechanism
for commercialization of research and development results. It is an integrated support
programme designed to assist budding entrepreneurs in the development of new technology-
based firms both start-up and fledglings. It seeks to effectively link talent, technology, capital
and know-how to leverage entrepreneurial talent in order to accelerate development of new
companies and speedy commercialization of R&D and innovation. It also help in value
reorientation by creating an environment for changing the attitude towards personal initiative,creativity innovation, risk-taking and entrepreneurship. The policy thrust of the Technology
Incubation Programme is to pursue the commercialization of technologies and technical
innovations using Technology Incubation as a tool in order to enhance the economic
competitiveness of the country and improve the quality of life of its citizens. This Unit will
key into the objectives, scope and schemes of the National Technology Incubation
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To closely monitor the development of prototypes of machines, equipment and toolswhich could be passed on to the manufacturing units for commercial production
To encourage the production of machines and equipment, partly or fully as per marketacceptability.
To practically demonstrate research and development results in such critical areas aswaste utilization, energy saving, etc.
To practically help in ensuring that new ideas/products evolve into fruitful technical/manufacturing business using the abundantly available raw materials.
To help in solving specific process problems for client entrepreneurs by continuouslyinjecting innovation in materials processing.
To offer engineering services such as design testing, process/product performancemonitoring and improvement as well as training and general consultancy to cliententrepreneurs.
To liaise with relevant academic departments and centres in the design, development andproduction of improved tools for use by rural artisans for increasing their productivity and
earning capacity.
To design tailor made/crash programmes for entrepreneurs and industrialists to keep themabreast with the latest technology.
To provide assistance to the private sector in the creation and enhancement ofinstitutional and technical infrastructure so that they can compete in the internationalmarket
The scope of the Technology Incubation Programme is to nurture the development and
commercialization of:
Low technologies - Manufacturing of simple equipment and machineries; Upgrading oftraditional technologies; Hand crafts, etc.
Medium technologies: Manufacturing of electrical and electronic components andequipment; Chemical processes and manufacture of plastics items; Manufacturing ofscientific equipment
High technologies: Biotechnology processes and products; Information andcommunication technology software and hardware; artificial intelligence; Robotics.
Emerging technologies: Advanced materials; Nano technologies and OthersIt is expected that NBTI would establish a Technology Incubation outfit at the University
level which will accommodate the following schemes:
Pre-Incubation: Pre-incubation are the activities of the entrepreneurs (staff and students)prior to admission into the incubation program.
Incubation: (a) Resident Incubation - In this scheme, entrepreneurs are tenants of thetechnology incubation programme where affordable share facilities such as working
spaces, central workshop, equipment and laboratories, offices hands-on management
assistance , access to financing, networking, and exposure to critical business and
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2.4.3.2 Science, Technology and Engineering Infrastructure Unit
This Unit aims at establishing and nurturing an appropriate and dynamic Science,Technology and Engineering infrastructure base for achieving home initiated and home
sustained industrialization through the development of relevant processes, capital goods and
equipment necessary for job creation, national economic well being and progress. The Unit
will function specifically in the area of capital goods research, production, and reverse
engineering with respect to the following six broad areas:
Engineering materials (notably irons, steels, non-ferrous metal and alloys, plastics, glass,ceramics, polymer electronics and nanotechnology); industrial and analytic chemical
materials including industrial gases; Scientific equipment and components for education, research and industry; including
measuring instruments, electronic components, communication equipment and
computers;
Engineering accessories (mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical and electronic); Power equipment (generation, transmission, distribution, prime movers); and Mechanical Engineering tools (power tools, hand tools, cutting tools and machine tools).In most societies, despite the ideology of free enterprise and in the face of competing needs,Governments, nevertheless, play a catalytic role in the nurturing and provision of consistent
support for the Science, Technology and Engineering sector aimed at manufacturing, and in
Research & Development. This latter is in order to gain National advantage and because of
the attendant multiplier effect of such expenditure in the National economy.
Science, Technology and Engineering is a necessary and obligatory expenditure in any
society desirous of rapid economic growth. For instance, information already exists for the
development or acquisition to build infrastructures, alleviate poverty and grow the economy.
What is required is the framework for domesticating these and bringing them to usable
intellectual products. The target of this Unit would be to domesticate or innovate existing
technologies to further advance the quality of products, create new products or find better
ways of innovating existing processes or technologies. It is only in this way that the
indigenous human and material capacity for rapid industrialization can take place.
The Unit is therefore expected to conduct developmental work in the areas of manufacturing
and thus coordinate the proliferation of technologies developed either within or outside the
University including patents obtained. Technologies so developed in the areas of spares,components and systems engineering are to be transferred to entrepreneurs for the production
of goods and services. Nigeria can have the benefit of a rapid technological development by
strengthening
Engineering Infrastructure Science Infrastructure
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2.4.3.3Industrial Research Unit
The Unit aims to promote technological activities and industrialization of the nationaleconomy through research and development. The primary objective is to assist in accelerating
the industrialization of the Nigerian economy through finding industrial utilization for the
countrys raw materials and upgrading indigenous production techniques. The long-term
expectations of the objective and mandate are:
To conserve Nigerias foreign exchange earnings by reducing dependence on foreigngoods, through the development of local substitutes from locally available raw materials.
To improve the nutritional qualities of Nigerian foods, which are known to be deficient inthe essential body-building food properties.
To improve the indigenous, traditional techniques of production which are labour-intensive, time consuming, energy sapping and unable to cope with the modern market
demands.
To engage in the design and fabrication of machinery and equipment, development offoundry processes and materials, analyses of metallurgical materials, casting of iron and
aluminum, and machining of spare parts.
To provide chemical raw materials for industries and to screen local woods for suitabilityfor pulp and paper production.
To engage in research and development up to pilot stage, in areas of food science andengineering research, development and fabrication of equipment and machine prototypes.
The Unit will also render services within the framework of its technical capability and
cooperation with the public. Through these services, it will put its human resources and
expertise, as well as its infrastructural facilities, at the disposal of real and prospective
industrialists within and outside Nigeria. Thus assisting them in solving their problems
concerning raw materials, process know-how, machinery and equipment, etc. The services to
be rendered to the public and external corporate organisations are:
Sponsored Research - Government agencies and non-government local and internationalorganizations can commission the Unit to carry out research works on their behalf and at
their expenses. It is expected that the projects would be generally for the benefit of the
public and that the sponsoring organizations would rarely have any private commercial
interest in them. The results would therefore be made available, both to the sponsors and
any interested persons.
Contract Research - Private companies could commission the Unit to carry out researchon contract basis, on agreed fees and terms. The fees charged would cover use ofequipment, consumables, staff time, overheads and incidental costs. Results would be
kept confidential and communicated only to the clients.
Analytical Services - The analytical laboratories in the University have a wide range ofinstruments with a team of analysts constituting an impressive mix of microbiologists,
bi h i t f d t h l i t t i l i t ll f th hi hl lifi d ll t i d
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safety evaluation checks on foods, food products drinks, water, cosmetics, etc, for the
purpose of registering such products with NAFDAC (National Agency for Food and Drug
Administration and Control) and for ascertaining standards and specifications set by SON
(Standards Organization of Nigeria). The chemical analyses cover: protein, total sugar,fat, crude fibres, ash, moisture, carbohydrate, trace elements (sodium, calcium and
others), calories, vitamins and cholesterol. Microbiological analyses cover: counts of total
aerobes, yeasts and moulds, coliforms, etc; detection of Salmonella, Shigella and
Staphylococcus and other pathogenic species; plant sanitation analysis; spoilage
diagnosis; thermal death time studies; microbiological assay of vitamins and amino acids
and consumer complaint investigations. Non-metallic mineral materials analyses would
specifically focus on ceramic materials which concerns particle size, porosity, water
absorption, tensile strength, compression strength, thermal expansion, loss of ignition,carbon and sulphur contents.
Consultancy and Counselling Services - These are services to be rendered to the public bythe Unit to assist prospective investors to investigate the economic viability and financial
profitability of proposed production ventures. The services, amongst others would
include; surveys of markets, ascertainment of raw materials availability, identification of
appropriate know-how, and sourcing of machinery and equipment, on behalf of
prospective investors. These services would be very helpful to small-scale industrialists
who can hardly afford to engage commercial firms for same. Apart from meeting requests
for these kinds of services, the Unit would also prepare pre-feasibility reports on its
completed projects to encourage businessmen to take up such projects for
commercialization.
Engineering Services - The Engineering College of the University would render variousservices to meet the internal needs of research and development work, as well as to
industries and the general public. For research and development works, the Unit in
collaboration with the College of Engineering would design and fabricate machinery and
equipment needed to demonstrate the technical feasibility of completed projects. For the
industrialists interested in commercializing its projects, provision of all or some of themachinery and equipment, together with plant installation service will be required, and
for others, complementary technical services will be provided. The engineering services
to be rendered to the public shall include:
Design and fabrication of equipment and machinery Cutting of various types of gears Machining of spare parts Production of cast components of iron and aluminium materials. Glass blowing Refurbishing of sparking plugs Electroplating of metals Metal forming, rolling, cropping and aluminium welding Heat treatment - annealing, normalising, case-hardening, tempering, etc Foundry Casting
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Body and hair pomade production Adhesives from gum arabic and cassava starch Cassava processing into fufu flour, gari, lafun, starch and detoxified cassava
starch Beniseed and other seeds oil extraction Electroplating of metals Spark plug refurbishing Edible mushroom cultivation production Bread and confectionery baking (including the use of composite flour
&production of soy-snacks)
Dry milling of rrains and legumes
Instant pounded yam flour production Fruit juice extraction Zobo drink production
Industrial Extension Services - These services would entail visits to multinationals, large,medium, and small scale industries for the purpose of seeking to know and proffer
solutions to their problems. The visits to the multinationals would however, have a
different objective, namely to discuss areas of cooperation and explore possibilities of the
Unit carrying out contract research for them.
Textile Testing and Quality Control Services - There are facilities in the Department ofHome Science and Management for carrying out textile testing and quality control and
assessment tests. Such tests would be carried out at the request of local textile firms, most
of which cannot afford the cost of setting up these facilities. All types of fibre, yarn and
fabric, including carpets shall be tested for various quality parameters, such as yarn length
and strength. Quality control tests would be carried out on raw textile materials,
intermediate and finished products to include quality assessment of textile/carpet yarns
and examination of colour fastness.
2.4.3.4Raw Materials and Research Development Unit
This Unit will execute its mandate by focusing on agricultural and agro allied products,
industrial chemical and minerals, and industrial plant and equipment. A decision to invest in
resource processing depends on the information of what resources are available. Through this
unit, CEDKT would provide valuable information to investors, industrialists and researchers
on available raw materials, their locations and reserve estimates, physico-chemical properties
and uses within the environment. This will ultimately lead to the establishment of resource-
based industries which provides new job opportunities and contributes to the nation's grossdomestic product. The Unit will provide industrial support services and promote new
resource-based investments. This will be achieved through survey of resources in the
environment and provision of raw materials information to industrialists and investors. Also,
the Unit will organize investors forums to sensitize investors on the feasibilities of projects
for which there is comparative advantage. In addition, the Unit will promote the
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Process Equipment and Plant Manufacturers" will be kept to provide market linkages
between equipment manufacturers and users and to promote domestic market for locally
fabricated equipment and machinery.
Building of domestic capacity for engineering designs of process equipment culminatingin better efficiency, replicability, and finishing/sophistication of equipment andmachinery manufactured locally.
Pursuing research efforts for development of industrial products, process technologiesand utilization of local raw materials and to encourage the commercialization of such new
industrial ventures.
Promoting new resource-based investments through joint-venture projects and technicalsupport services by providing for prospective investors, advisory and technical support
services which include equipment sourcing and feasibility studies on local resource-basedindustrial projects.
Promoting agro-industrial raw materials production (improved seeds and seedlings)through increased productivity of agricultural raw materials since low capacity utilization
of many agro-based industries in Nigeria has been linked to shortage of primary
agricultural raw materials.
Promote studies on organo-mineral fertilizers as well as organic fertilizers as alternativesources to the more expensive, scarce and non-environmentally-friendly inorganic
fertilizers. In addition, the Unit would pursue local development of planters, shellers,decorticators, threshers and chipping and slicing machines. Efforts will also be made in
the area of poultry, cattle, fish and other animal products.
Serve as a formidable resource Unit by making data available for use in fiscal policymaking.
The Unit will play advisory roles with respect to policy statements of Government andformulations on industrial raw materials matters.
Serving as focal point for local, national and international collaboration on raw materialsdevelopment
Promoting industrial raw materials research innovation and utilization through rawmaterials local content alternatives in line with the local content bill passed by the
national assembly in Nigeria. There is need to identify and recognize organizations and
individuals which have made outstanding contributions towards the development and
utilization of local raw materials as industrial inputs and use of indigenous technologies
to encourage and stimulate such developments by others
Constantly creating increased awareness on Nigeria's raw materials, their locations andreserves, their potentials, development and utilization to ensure that their full potentials
are exploited adequately for the well-being of the citizens.
2.4.3.5Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Unit
Poverty, due to lack of access to income-earning opportunities and lack of capacity to take
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The operating strategy of the Unit shall be a core of lean, competent and highly motivated
staff, an ICT driven operation process and partnership that works. The guiding principles
shall be Outreach (reaching as many MSMEs as are crucial and imperative to achieve the
goal of an MSME led economic growth, industrialization and job creation); Sustainability(deliberatively creating exit and succession strategies, whenever necessary); Impact
(commitment to delivering measurable results) and Efficiency (cherishing quality service
delivery on one hand, and the MSMEs on the other, in the most cost-efficient manner).
The Unit will work as a coordinating and facilitating Unit with the following major goals and
programmes:
Source, process and disseminate business information: Create and regularly update databank on MSMEs, raw materials, markets, available local technologies/machinery andprototypes;
Policy development - Participate in the formulation, approval and implementation ofMSME policy for Nigeria; Conduct impact assessment studies and use same to
recommend improvements in policy intervention; Conduct regular stakeholders' fora;
Develop business support programmes to provide the following services: Model businessplanning skills; mentoring professional service such as accounting, financing and book
keeping; industrial dynamics and technology assessment; legal and taxation advisory
services; demonstration models; general business consultation/clinical services;
Capacity building and promotional services: Vertical linkages of MSMEs with largeenterprises; Organization of MSMEs into clusters and co-operatives to enhance their
productivity and have easier access to factors of production, including finance;
Arrangement/facilitation of trade and technological exposition; Provision of market
support information system; Encouragement and facilitation of new investments in
designated priority areas.
Establishment of industrial parks: Provide intellectual support towards facilitating theestablishment of Industrial Parks offering capital intensive technologies.
Enhance MSMEs access to finance: Liaise with financial institutions to harness and poolresources for utilization by MSMEs; Attract foreign investment and funds for the
development of MSMEs; constantly liaise with other institutions for the establishment
and operation of an MSME Credit Guarantee Schemes.
The Unit shall function as follows:
Stimulating and monitoring the development of the MSMEs sector, Initiating and articulating policy ideas for micro, small and medium enterprises growth
and development, Promoting and facilitating development programmes, instruments and support services to
accelerate the development and modernization of MSME operation.
Serving as vanguard for rural industrialization, poverty reduction, job creation andenhance sustainable livelihoods.
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Organization (NGOs) and Business Membership Organization (BMOs) in the MSME sub-
sector of the economy and The Federal Government (through a functional feedback
mechanism).
2.4.3.6 Technology Acquisition and Promotion Unit
NOTAP has established an Intellectual Property Technology Transfer Office (IPTTO) in
University of Agriculture, Makurdi to promote interaction and strengthen the linkage between
University/Research Institutions and Industries. Consequently NOTAP advised that the
University should appoint a Head of the IPTTO who should be a person of acclaimed
research efforts in innovation creation as well as strong links with industry and the market, in
order to ensure successful execution of the mandate of IPTTO. The IPTTO is designed to
develop a robust intellectual Property Rights portfolio through patenting, copyright,
technology licensing; to support the Institution's initiative in developing patent culture. The
IPTTO also sets into motion the formal system of incentives and reward that encourages
individual researcher to be involved in partnerships. There is need to strengthen the activities
of the IPTTO.
The Technology Acquisition and Promotion Unit of the CEDKT would therefore render a
number of technology related services to industries, entrepreneurs, researchers, inventors and
innovators in the areas of technology transfer agreements; intellectual property rightpromotion; provision of the state of the art technology information; commercialisation of
research and development results; research-industry linkage; monitoring, consultancy and
extension services; technology advisory services etc. The details on the services to be
facilitated include:
Technology Transfer Agreements Intellectual Property Right Promotion Patent Information and Documentation Commercialization of R&D/Inventions Research and Industry Linkage Monitoring Consultancy and Extension ServicesThis Unit will facilitate the utilization of Intellectual Property (IP) system in the University; it
will enable the University to use IP system as a source of technology information and a
source of generating wealth and income. The functions of the Unit, among others, shall
include:
Sensitizing the university community on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Determining the patentability or copyright ability of Intellectual Property Rights. Evaluating the commercial potential inventions. Assisting with appropriate Intellectual Property protection issues Locating suitable commercial development partners.
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Refining University technologies through standardization of process and products readyfor marketing.
The Patent Information and Documentation would involve documentation of a network ofinformation contained in patent documents from various parts of the world, thus enabling the
Unit have access to technological information which can be made available free of charge to
interested entrepreneurs, industrialists, researchers, patent agents/attorneys and investors for
national development. Users will be enabled to have access to the following information:
the search report carried out in patent documents and on line data bases; information on equivalent patent documents and on patent literature cited in examination
procedure or identified in documentary searches;
information on the legal status of published patent applications and granted patents; copies of individual patent documents; and search and examination reports of applications for patentsThis service would confer the following advantages among others:
saves a lot of resources in terms of time, labour and costs; prevents avoidable exercise on unimportant researches; eliminates project repetitions and re-inventing of the wheels; provides linkage opportunities between the University researchers and their counterparts
at the national and international levels; provide a summary of inventions, a description of the inventions and how it differs from
the prior art, and the claims that defines the scope of the invention.
The culture of patenting is abysmally low in Nigeria and seems to be non-existent in the
University. This Unit will assist local inventors patent their inventions at the Patent Registry
in NOTAP. The Unit will also be positioned to further take advantage of the proposed
NOTAPs expansion of its linkages with research communities in Nigeria with a view to
creating a platform that would integrate WIPONET services and other IP-based supportservices to facilitate rendering such services to the public when WIPONET is fully
established.
The Unit will also have the responsibility of offering technical expertise towards evaluation
and registration of technology transfer agreements signed between Universities based
entrepreneurs and their foreign technical partners. The objectives of evaluating technology
transfer agreements are to ensure that:
The terms and conditions contained in the agreements are equitable and fair to contractingparties;
Payments involved in the agreements are commensurate with the obligations beingrendered by the transferors;
Adequate safeguards for effective transfer of know-how to indigenous enterprises areincluded in the terms and conditions of the agreement;
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Monitoring the implementation of technology transfer agreements/contracts would be one of
the mandates of the Unit. The fundamental objective of the monitoring exercise is to ensure
that there is an efficient and effective adaptation, absorption and diffusion of foreign
technologies acquired by University based innovators through collaboration with theirtechnical partners in the execution of industrial projects. The monitoring programme provides
the window through which technology gaps and other technical and socio-econo