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1. Which row of the table shows these objects in the correct order of size?

Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1)

smallest biggest

A Milky Way Solar System Universe

B Milky Way Universe Solar System

C Solar System Universe Milky Way

D Solar System Milky Way Universe

[Total marks Q1 = 1]

2. This simplified diagram compares spectra of light from the Sun and two galaxies.

The light from galaxy 1 and galaxy 2 both show redshift.Explain what these redshifts predict about the position and movement of the two galaxies.

(3)__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

[Total marks Q2 = 3]

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3. The Earths atmosphere absorbs electromagnetic radiation.

The diagram shows how the amount absorbed changes with wavelength.

(i) How much of the visible light from space is absorbedas it passes through ouratmosphere?Put a cross ( ) in a box to show your answer. (1)

A 0%B 10%C 90%D 100%

(ii) Large telescopes which collect visible light to explore the Universe are usually placednear the tops of mountains.Suggest why radio telescopes do not have to be placed high up a mountain. (1)

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(iii) One theory of the origin of the Universe predicted that there should be cosmicbackground radiation with a wavelength of about 1 mm.Explain why scientists had to wait until the development of space flight before they couldstudy this radiation in detail. (2)

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(iv) The electromagnetic radiation from most galaxies has a red-shift.Suggest why, when a galaxy has a very large red-shift, some of its visible light is notdetected through the Earths atmosphere. (2)

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_______________________________________________________________________

[Total marks Q3 = 6]

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4. Bode, a scientist, found a rule predicting the distance of objects from the Sun.The chart shows the mean distances from the Sun predicted by Bode's rule.

[MeMercury; VVenus; EEarth; MaMars; AAsteroid Belt; JJupiter; SSaturn; UUranus; NNeptune; PPluto]

(i) Read, from the chart, the predicted values for the distance from the Sun to Neptune andfrom the Sun to Pluto. (2)

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_______________________________________________________________________

(ii) Bode's rule works well for all objects between Mercury and Uranus.From scientific measurements, however, the actual mean distance from the Sun toNeptune is 30 A.U.Some scientists think that Neptune was not part of the original Solar System.Explain how the predicted value for Neptune supports the view of these scientists. (2)

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_______________________________________________________________________

[Total marks Q4 = 4]

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*5. While the origin of stars is well understood, there is still much debate about the origin of theUniverse.Two major theories about the origin of the Universe are the Big Bang and the Steady Statetheories.Some evidence supports both theories. Other evidence supports only one theory.By considering the evidence, discuss why one of these theories is preferred by most scientists. (6)

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__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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[Total marks Q5 = 6]

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Part B

Surname Name

American Academy Larnaca

Year 4 Double Science

Semester 2 Test 1

Unit P1 Universal Physics

Topic 3 Waves and the Universe

Part B Time: 20 minutes

The total marks for this part is 20.

The total marks for the paper is 40.

The marks for each question are shown in square brackets.

Use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written

communication will be assessed.

You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the

clarity of expression, on these questions.

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

There may be more space than you need.

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1. The photograph shows a nebula and many stars.

(i) Describe the energy changes involved when a main sequence star forms from gas anddust. (3)

_______________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________

(ii) What is required to cause nuclear fusion? (2)

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(ii) Describe how the mass of a main sequence star will affect what the star finally becomes.

(3)_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

[Total marks Q1 = 8]

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3. The table below gives data on six planets in the Solar System.

The graph shows how the orbital speed of the planets varies with their distance from the Sun.

(a) What is the orbital speed of Saturn? [1]

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(b) An asteroid Ceres is 700 km in diameter and has an orbital speed of 5.8 108km/year.It travels 2.67 109km in making one orbit of the Sun.

(i) Use the graph to find the distance of Ceres from the Sun. [1]

_____________________________________________________________________

(ii) Use the equation

time = distance speed

to find the orbital time of Ceres. [2]

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(c) Estimate the mean temperature on Ceres, showing your working or explaining how youarrived at your answer. [2]

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(d) Ceres is further from the Sun than Earth.State two other reasons why it takes Ceres longer than Earth to complete one orbit of theSun. [2]

_______________________________________________________________________

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[Total marks Q3 = 8]

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Mark schemePart A

Answer Acceptableanswers

Mark

1. D (1)

2. An explanation

linking any three ofgalaxies moving (1)away from Earth /Sun (1) galaxy 2(moving away)faster (than galaxy1) (1) galaxy 2 is(likely to be) mostdistant galaxy (1)

galaxies are(moving) atdifferent speeds /away from eachother / universe isexpanding

(3)

3.(i) B (1)

3.(ii) radio waves are notabsorbed by theatmosphere

not affected by lightpollution / clouds

(1)

3.(iii) an explanationincluding twoof thefollowing 1 mmwaves are in themicrowave region(1) which is(completely)absorbed by

atmosphere (1) space flightenabled telescopesto be put aboveatmosphere /inspace (1)

they aremicrowaves cannotbe (easily) detectedon Earth weneeded to goabove atmosphere/ into space

(2)

(iv) an explanationlinking the following light might beshifted into infraredregion (1) (some)

infrared is(strongly) absorbedby atmosphere (1) (2)

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Answer Acceptableanswers

Mark

4.(i) N = 39 (A.U.) (1)P = 77 (A.U.) (1)

range 3839inclusiverange 76-78

inclusive

(2)

4.(ii) An explanation

linking actual value forNeptune is differentfrom / lower thanpredicted value (1)with one of these

(so) the ruledoes not work (forNeptune) (1)

the rule gives

too high a value (1) (so) Neptunemight have beencaptured / enteredfrom outside theoriginal SolarSystem (1)

actual value for

Neptune put on tochart by cross ordot etc. (no needfor label)(1) (Neptune) isananomaly ignore references to ageof Neptune

(2)

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QuestionNumber

Indicative Content Mark

*5. A discussion linkingsome of thefollowing points redshift linked tomovement both

theories haveexpandingUniverse redshiftsupport both CMB linked to ageingUniverse BigBang ageing , SSnot CMBsupports Big Bangonly becauseonly Big Bang hassingle origin (6)

Level 0 No rewardable material

1 1 - 2 a limited discussionstating bothpieces of evidence orlimited detail abouteither red shift or CMB e.g. change inwavelength /red shift shows galaxies /stars moving away the answercommunicates ideas using simplelanguage and uses limited scientificterminology spelling, punctuation and

grammar are used with limited accuracy2 3 - 4 a simple discussionincluding bothpieces of evidence andsimple detailabout eitherred shift orCMB e.g. achange in wavelength shows galaxies /stars moving away the answercommunicates ideas showing someevidence of clarity and organisation anduses scientific terminology appropriately spelling, punctuation and grammar areused with some accuracy

3 5 - 6 a detailed discussiondescribing bothpieces of evidence anddrawing aconclusion e.g. a change in wavelengthshows galaxies / stars moving away andCMB shows Universe has been changingwith time andredshift supports boththeories, CMB supports only Big Bangbecause Steady State has constantUniverse the answer communicatesideas clearly and coherently uses a rangeof scientific terminology accurately

spelling, punctuation and grammar areused with few errors

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Part B

QuestionNumber

Answer Acceptableanswers

Mark

1.(i) A descriptionincluding threeofthe following points

gravitational(potential) energy /GPE of gas anddust (1) (GPE)changes to kineticenergy (1) (ke)changes tothermal/heat/light(1) (hot enoughto release) nuclearenergy (1)

Acceptdescription of theprocess gas and

dust / it / nebulapulled together bygravity (particles)move faster (hotenough for) nuclearfusion/reactionaccept descriptionshown as chaingpe ke thermal nuclear

(3)

1.(ii) Very high pressure(1) and very hightemperature (1) (2)

1.(iii) A descriptionincluding thefollowing points reference tostars of differentsizes (1) Sun/small/mediu

m becoming white /black dwarf (1) more massivebecoming aneutron star / blackhole (1)

Sun and moremassive/bigger starred giant /planetary nebula(red) supergiant /supernova

(3)

2.(i) Water essential forlife to exist [as weunderstand it] (1) (1)

2.(ii) Analyses radiowaves from space

(1) looking forartificial patterns(1) (2)

2.(iii) Neither (1)

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QuestionNumber

Answer Acceptableanswers

Mark

3.(a) 3 x 10 km/year 3 (1)

3.(b)(i) 4.5 x 10 km 4.5 (1)

3.(b)(ii) 4.5 x 10 5.8 x 10

(1)=0.78 year (1) 0.78 (2) (2)

3.(c) 2r = 2.67 x 10 kmR = 4.23 x 108km(1)-23-[((4.23-2.25)/(7.80-2.25)) x(180-23)] = -68OC

Any attempt tocalculate how tempchanges withdistance (1)Answers close to-70OC (1) (2)

3.(d) longer orbit (1)lower speed (1) (2)

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Q8.

Indicative Content Mark

* A discussionincluding some ofthe following points

Methods

space probes

soilexperiments bylanders

SETI

telescopes

roboticmachines

Problems

expense /internationalcollaborationneeded

large distancesinvolved

if problemdifficult to correct

time to react toproblem is long

time to respondto anycommunicationwould be long

complextechnology

for human visit

for robotinvestigation

fuel

recognition of

alternativelife-forms

patternrecognition

for SETI

communicationif intelligentlife-form

possibility ofcross-contaminatio

n (6)Level 0 No rewardable content

1 1 - 2

a limited discussion including EITHER

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two named problems, OR two namedmethods, OR a named problem + anamed method e.g. It would be expensiveand the distances are large OR Spaceprobes and SETI can be used OR canlisten for communications, life beyondEarth may not be water based.

the answer communicates ideas usingsimple language and uses limitedscientific terminology.

spelling, punctuation and grammarare used with limited accuracy.

2 3 - 4

a simple discussion including EITHERa problem with its associated method +some other named problem OR adetailed problem + one other named

problem e.g. It is expensive to send aspace probe to Mars; the distance toMars very large OR It is difficult to searchthrough the data from space becausethere is a huge amount of it. Also, anymessage would be hard to decode.

the answer communicates ideasshowing some evidence of clarity andorganisation and uses scientificterminology appropriately.

spelling, punctuation and grammar

are used with some accuracy.3 5 - 6

a detailed discussion includingEITHER two problems with theirassociated method(s) + some othernamed problem OR two detailedproblems + one other named problem ORa problem with its associated method + adetailed problem + one other namedproblem e.g. We can analyse radiowavesfrom space, but they take so long to arrive

that the aliens that sent them could havealready died out. It is very expensive todevelop the technology needed to go toother planets. Also, we might notrecognise alien life-forms there. OR It isdifficult to search through the data fromspace because there is a huge amount ofit. Radiowaves in space take a long timeto arrive because the distances are sovast. It all costs a lot of money. OR It isvery expensive to develop the technologyneeded to go to other planets. It is difficultto search through the data from spacebecause there is a huge amount of it.

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Also, we might not recognise alienlife-forms there.

the answer communicates ideasclearly and coherently uses a range ofscientific terminology accurately.

spelling, punctuation and grammarare used with few errors.