East Meets West
East Meets WestThe Crusades1CrusadesA long series or Wars
between Christians and MuslimsThey fought over control of Jerusalem
which was called the Holy Land because it was the region where
Jesus had lived, preached and died
2Causes: AdventureAfter Christianization of the Vikings, Slavs,
and Magyars there was an entire class of warriors who now had very
little to do but fight amongst themselves and terrorize the peasant
population.A plea for help from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I in
opposing Muslim attacks thus appealed to their sense of
adventure.
3Causes: Papal PoliticsRoman-Byzantine RivalryCluniac
(Benedictine) reform caused the church in the West to be more
attentive to business and provided impetus to attempt to reassert
control The Great Schism, 1064, wasa division of Christianity into
Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic. The primary cause wasa dispute
over papal authority.
4Causes: European ExpansionismIn the Battle of Hastings in 1066,
William the Conqueror (from Normandy) defeated England and brought
unity and strength to that country.After the capture of Toledo from
the Muslims in 1087, it became the residence of the kings of
Castile and the ecclesiastical center of the whole of Spain The
Normans captured Sicily from the Muslims in 1091 and paved the way
for the unification of that country.
5Causes: Muslim AdvancesEvents in Moslem WorldThe Battle of
Manzikert, 1071, resulted in the defeat of the Byzantine Empire and
the capture of the Emperor by the Seljuk Turks (muslims).The
Byzantines also lost Anatolia to the Turks.The Turks disrupted
pilgrim traffic.
6Causes of the CrusadesMuslim Turks captured Jerusalemfrom the
ByzantineEmpireMuslims stoppedChristians fromVisiting Holy
LandChristian pilgrimswere attackedByzantine Empirefeared attack on
Constantinople
7The Call to ArmsPope Urban II called for the defeat of the
Turks, returning the Holy Land to the Christians
8Who Answered the Call?Feudal Lords
Knights
Peasants
9The First Crusade (1096-1099)Peasant armyUntrainedLacked
military equipmentMany killed by Muslim TurksKnightsSucceeded in
capturing Jerusalem
10Second Crusade (1147-1149)After victory many Christians went
back home.The Turks eventually took back much of the territory.King
of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks.
11Second Crusade (1147-1149)Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to
victory, defeating the Christians* He was considered a very wise
ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen
enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly
chivalry.
12Third Crusade (1189-1192)King Richard of England convinces the
Turks to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land
13Crusades Continue Through 1200sSeveral more crusades attempted
with no victories for the ChristiansChildrens crusade, - 30,000
soldiers - many of them under 12 years old Never made it to the
Holy Land
14The Crusades Died OutLack of interest, rising European
prosperity Repeated military defeats
15Effects of CrusadesFatal weakening of Byzantine Empire Vast
increase in cultural horizons for many Europeans. Stimulated
Mediterranean trade. Need to transfer large sums of money for
troops and supplies led to development of banking techniques.
Romantic and imaginative literature.
16Effects of CrusadesKnowledge introduced to EuropeHeavy stone
masonry, construction of castles and stone churches. Siege
technology, tunneling, sapping. Moslem minarets adopted as church
spiresWeakening of nobility, rise of merchant classes Enrichment
was primarily from East to West--Europe had little to give in
return.17
