Nunc Agenda: You are a young knight who has just heard the

speech by Pope Urban II, and you have decided to join the Crusade. Write a short note you will leave behind for your family

explaining your decision. (3 minutes)

Quaestio: How were the Crusades

viewed by Crusaders,

Muslims, and others?

During their overland journey to the Holy Land, Crusader armies, led by nobles, stopped in Constantinople, met Emperor Alexius, and promised him the land they conquered

After a 9-month siege, Crusaders conquered Antioch, slaughtered Muslim inhabitants, and pillaged the city

They did not return the land to Alexius

First Crusade (1095-1099)

They continued south conquering cities including Jerusalem, which Muslims and Jews fought together to defend

Four “Crusader States” were established:The County of EdessaThe Principality ofAntiochThe County of TripoliThe Kingdom ofJerusalem

Landless Nobles now had lands of their own

First Crusade (1095-1099)

After almost fifty years of relative peace, Muslims reconquered Edessa, sparking a new Crusade

The King of France and the King of Germany each led armies to attack Damascus in Syria, but they were defeated, AND Damascus joined with the Seljuks against the Crusaders

(Crusade Fail!)

Second Crusade (1147-1149)

Muslim weakness lack of unity

Seljuks controlled Syria, Fatimids controlled Egypt

1147- Saladin (Salahuddin) became leader of both Egypt and Syria, reconquered Jerusalem and other Crusader lands for the Muslims

Third Crusade (1187-1192)

In response, Pope called for Third Crusade

HRE Frederick I Barbarossa, French King Philip II of France, and King Richard the Lionheart of England led armies to take back Jerusalem, but they were unsuccessful

Saladin agreed to allow Christian pilgrims into Jerusalem

Third Crusade (1187-1192)

Pope Innocent III called for a Fourth Crusade

Lacking the funds to go all the way to Jerusalem, the Crusaders instead sacked Christian Constantinople and established a Latin Empire in Byzantine land

There were other smaller Crusades in the following years but they had little impact

Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)

Classwork/Pensa:The documents on

your worksheet are primary sources from the Crusades showing differing perspectives. Work with a partner to read the documents and answer the questions.

The Crusades Through Their Eyes