Earthquake Alert Notifications for Energy Earthquake Alert Notifications for Energy Supply Infrastructure and Emergency Supply Infrastructure and Emergency Management Management in Australia and New Zealandin Australia and New Zealand

Dr Hugh Cowan et al.Dr Hugh Cowan et al.

APEC Seminar on Earthquake APEC Seminar on Earthquake Disaster Management of Energy Supply Systems Disaster Management of Energy Supply Systems Taipei, September 3-4, 2003Taipei, September 3-4, 2003

IntroductionIntroduction

Dams and canals that store and transport Dams and canals that store and transport water for hydro generation account for a water for hydro generation account for a high percentage of the fixed assets for high percentage of the fixed assets for energy supply systems. energy supply systems.

IntroductionIntroduction

Operations must ensure safety, utility and Operations must ensure safety, utility and retain value. Dam failures although rare, retain value. Dam failures although rare, would result in significant loss of credibility would result in significant loss of credibility for all owners. for all owners.

Regulatory FrameworkRegulatory Framework

No specific dam safety legislation, but well-No specific dam safety legislation, but well-developed guidelines (ANCOLD, NZSOLD)developed guidelines (ANCOLD, NZSOLD)

Dam Safety Assurance Programs make a Dam Safety Assurance Programs make a major contribution to fulfilling the major contribution to fulfilling the requirements of responsible ownership.requirements of responsible ownership.

Establish the Establish the contextcontextIdentify risks

Analyse risks

Evaluate risks

Treat risksCom

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Risk Model – AS/NZS 4360:1999Risk Model – AS/NZS 4360:1999

Establish the Establish the contextcontext

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How do our outputs relate How do our outputs relate to local government, to local government, emergency services and emergency services and other agencies’ Civil other agencies’ Civil Defence arrangements?Defence arrangements?

Establish the Establish the contextcontextIdentify risks

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What external risks do we What external risks do we face e.g. inter-related face e.g. inter-related agencies’ outsourcing agencies’ outsourcing contracts?contracts?

(all hazards)(all hazards)

Establish the Establish the contextcontextIdentify risks

Analyse risks

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What planning and What planning and activity helps address this activity helps address this risk across the 4R’s?risk across the 4R’s?

Treat risksCom

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Are our arrangements Are our arrangements coordinated across our coordinated across our sector?sector?

Is our sector linked to Is our sector linked to others involved in others involved in CDEM?CDEM?

Normal Normal Dam Safety EventDam Safety Event

Earthquake Earthquake Dam Safety EventDam Safety Event

Flood Flood Dam Safety Event Dam Safety Event

• Sunny day failuresSunny day failures• Abnormal seepageAbnormal seepage• Acts of sabotageActs of sabotage• Operational incidentsOperational incidents

ACTIONACTION

DIFFERENTDIFFERENTLOADING LOADING

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

Dam Safety Emergency Plan Dam Safety Emergency Plan (e.g. Hydro Tasmania)(e.g. Hydro Tasmania)

Earthquake AlertsEarthquake Alerts

Earthquake Alert Notifications contribute Earthquake Alert Notifications contribute directly to Emergency Preparedness by directly to Emergency Preparedness by defining priorities for inspection of facilities defining priorities for inspection of facilities after any significant event. after any significant event.

Examples follow: Victoria, New South Examples follow: Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania and New ZealandWales, Tasmania and New Zealand

Historical Seismicity, Victoria, Historical Seismicity, Victoria, AustraliaAustralia

Victorian Water Industry Seismic Victorian Water Industry Seismic NetworkNetwork

SRC Telemetry SystemSRC Telemetry System

(SCOT)NEW Scotts

Peak

(TRR)Tarraleah

(MTCL)Mt. Claude (POA)

Poatina

(GDAM) Gordon Dam (non

dial-up)

(MARG)Lake Margaret

New ZealandNew Zealand

High seismic hazard High seismic hazard in some regionsin some regions

Sparsely populatedSparsely populated

Isolated high-value assetsIsolated high-value assets

Long, linear transmissionLong, linear transmissioninfrastructureinfrastructure

M 7.0 +

M 6.5 - 6.9

1950 - 20001840 - 2000

Most Most destructive destructive historical historical earthquakeearthquakessoccurred occurred before before 1950.1950.

Few people Few people today have today have personal personal experience experience of damage of damage or lossesor losses

Key PointsKey Points

Regions of low seismic hazard can Regions of low seismic hazard can experience damaging earthquakesexperience damaging earthquakes

Regions of high seismic hazard may Regions of high seismic hazard may experience decades of relative quietexperience decades of relative quiet

National coverage for hazard detection and National coverage for hazard detection and emergency responseemergency response

Designed, built and operated on a non-profit Designed, built and operated on a non-profit basis, with all basic data freely availablebasis, with all basic data freely available

Supplemented by local monitoring at high-Supplemented by local monitoring at high-value assetsvalue assets

New Zealand GeoNetNew Zealand GeoNet

National Strong National Strong Motion NetworkMotion Network

National National Broadband Broadband Seismograph Seismograph NetworkNetwork

CommunicationsCommunications

Some Options:Some Options:– Radio: spread spectrum, VHF/UHF Radio: spread spectrum, VHF/UHF

– Dial up: manual/automatic, land line/GSM/CDMADial up: manual/automatic, land line/GSM/CDMA

– Leased (analog) linesLeased (analog) lines

– Digital Direct linesDigital Direct lines

– Frame relayFrame relay

– Satellite (VSAT)Satellite (VSAT)

– InternetInternet

Strong Motion National Network

New Zealand

Dial-out on GSM and leased

land lines

Real-time, continuous Real-time, continuous seismic dataseismic data

Current Preferred OptionsCurrent Preferred Options

Short distances:Short distances:Spread spectrum radio (Ethernet radio bridges)Spread spectrum radio (Ethernet radio bridges)

Medium distances:Medium distances:Dial up telephone or DDSDial up telephone or DDS

Long distances:Long distances:Internet or frame relay, usually with Internet or frame relay, usually with

a local short or medium link a local short or medium link

Satellite (typically VSAT)Satellite (typically VSAT)

Use of Earthquake Alerts for Emergency Use of Earthquake Alerts for Emergency Response: Response:

Meridian Energy LtdMeridian Energy Ltd

No

Yes

Dam Safety Emergency Response Process

Generation Controller ≥5MMV earthquake occurs or observation

indicating Level 1 alert.

Generation Controller 3. Contact Dam Safety

Response Co -ordinator (DSRC)

4. Advise of any alarms or potential safety issues including loss of communications

Dam Safety Response Co-ordinator

Inform Emergency Manager

Dam Safety Response Co-ordinator

Call out Earthquake Response Team to

relevant site(s)

Dam SafetyResponse

Team Carry out inspection

using checklist

OK?

Dam Safety Response

Coord. Report to dam

safety assurance team*

Generation Controller Other Event or

Observation indicative of Level 2 or Level 3 Alert

Generation Controller 1. Contact Dam Safety

Response Co -ordinator (DSRC)

2. Advise of any alarms or potential safety issues includi ng loss of communications

Dam Safety Response Co-ordinator

Inform Emergency Manager

Dam Safety Response Co-ordinator

Compile /Call out Dam Safety Response Team

Emergency Manager Dam Safety Emergency Response Plan

(DSERP)

* Planned Task List

EPAR DataflowEPAR Dataflow

Appropriate Attenuation

Intensity calculated for every location

* Asset Locations

Earthquake Magnitude

Earthquake Location

Distance

Importance Importance Priority

Fax or Email report to users

TASKS for Pipehead Control Room in order of priority.

Telephone Blue Mountains System,

inform them of the event and instruct them that no action is

necessary at Upper Cascade Dam,

Middle Cascade Dam, Lower Cascade Dam, Lake Medlow, and

Greaves Creek.

No other tasks prescribed.

Task ListSpecific Outcomes

General Outcomes

SPECIFIC OUTCOMES for Pipehead Control Room in order of

interest. Upper Cascade Dam (31km,

MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some.

Middle Cascade Dam (31km,

MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some.

Lower Cascade Dam (32km,

MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some.

Greaves Creek (32km, MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some.

GENERAL OUTCOMES in order of

importance.

The Intensity at the epicentre would

be about MMI 4.

Intensities exceeding MMI 4 with the earthquake being strongly felt

by most people can be expected to a distance of 13km.

Intensities exceeding MMI 2 and

the possibility that the earthquakewill be felt by some people can be

expected to a distance of 68km.

Asset Locations

Asset Vulnerabilities

Damage Expected

Task List

* Asset Vulnerabilities

*

Hugh Cowan Hugh Cowan Institute of Geological and Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd, Nuclear Sciences Ltd, Wellington, New ZealandWellington, New Zealand

Wayne Peck Wayne Peck Seismology Research Centre, Seismology Research Centre, Environmental Systems and Environmental Systems and Services, Melbourne, Services, Melbourne, AustraliaAustralia

Roy Fenderson Roy Fenderson Hydro Tasmania, Hobart, Hydro Tasmania, Hobart, AustraliaAustralia

Jim Walker Jim Walker Meridian Energy Ltd, Meridian Energy Ltd, Christchurch, New ZealandChristchurch, New Zealand

Colin Hill Colin Hill Melbourne Water, Melbourne, Melbourne Water, Melbourne, AustraliaAustralia

Tan Pham Tan Pham AC Consulting Group Ltd, AC Consulting Group Ltd, Wellington, New ZealandWellington, New Zealand