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Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
1
Web
Pro
gra
mm
ing
©L
eon
idas
Feg
aras
Un
iver
sity
of
Tex
asat
Arl
ing
ton
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
2
Dy
nam
ic W
eb P
ages
Sta
tic
web
pa
ge:
ev
ery
tim
e y
ou
req
ues
tth
isp
age,
yo
uget
exac
tly
th
e sa
me
con
ten
t
bori
ng!
Dyn
am
ic w
eb p
ag
e: t
he
pag
e co
nte
nt
may
ch
ang
e o
n e
ach
req
ues
t
the
use
r in
tera
cts
wit
h t
he
web
sit
e an
d t
he
web
site
res
po
nds
acco
rdin
gly
Co
mm
on
Gat
eway
In
terf
ace
(CG
I)
A s
imp
le p
roto
col
that
can
be
use
d t
o c
om
mun
icat
e b
etw
een
Web
fo
rms
and
yo
ur
pro
gra
m
A C
GI
scri
pt
can
be
wri
tten
in
an
y l
ang
uag
e
Nee
d t
obe
able
to r
ead i
nput,
wri
te t
o o
utp
ut,
and r
ead
env
ironm
ent
var
iable
s
PH
P,
Java,
C,
C#,
Py
thon,
Per
l, R
uby
, et
c
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
3
Web
Pro
gra
mm
ing
We
nee
d b
oth
cli
ent-
sid
e an
d s
erv
er-s
ide
pro
gra
mm
ing
to i
mp
rov
ecl
ien
t-se
rver
in
tera
ctio
n
to r
edu
ceb
and
wid
th,
serv
er l
oad
, re
spo
nse
tim
e, e
tc
Cli
ent-
sid
e p
rog
ram
min
g i
s n
eed
ed
to p
ut
dynam
ic c
on
tent
into
an
HT
ML
pag
e
to r
eact
to u
ser
even
ts i
nte
ract
ivel
yw
ith
ou
t b
oth
erin
g t
he
serv
er
to m
imic
a G
UI
usi
ng
gra
phic
s an
d a
nim
atio
n
to v
alid
ate
dat
a/q
uer
ies
bef
ore
th
eyar
e su
bm
itte
d t
o t
he
serv
er
Ser
ver
-sid
epro
gra
mm
ing
is
nee
ded
to l
imit
th
e cl
ien
tin
terf
ace
to a
serv
er
for
secu
rity
and
per
form
ance
to p
erfo
rm h
eavy-d
uty
pro
cess
ing
, n
ot
avai
lab
le a
t ev
ery c
lien
t
dat
abas
e pro
cess
ing
file
dir
ecto
ry s
ervic
e
asa
bro
ker
to
web
ser
vic
es
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
4
Curr
ent
Sit
uat
ion
Fo
r cl
ien
t-si
de
pro
gra
mm
ing
, th
e ch
oic
e is
clea
r:J
av
aS
crip
t
Ad
ob
eF
lash
fo
r an
imat
ion
s
Jav
aap
ple
ts w
ere
a p
rom
isin
g i
dea
bu
t fa
iled
Fo
r se
rver
-sid
e,th
ere
are
man
y c
ho
ices
:
Fo
rra
pid
pro
toty
pin
g,
man
y p
eop
leuse
PH
P s
crip
ts (
som
e u
se A
SP
)
Fo
rh
igh-p
erfo
rman
cean
dpo
rtab
ilit
y,
peo
ple
no
w u
sese
rvle
ts i
n J
ava
A s
crip
t is
eas
y t
od
evel
op
an
d m
ain
tain
bu
t h
as a
hig
h o
ver
hea
dfo
r th
e se
rver
for
each
cli
ent-
serv
er r
equ
est,
a s
crip
tm
ust
be
inte
rpre
ted i
n a
new
thre
ad
Ser
vle
ts a
re c
om
pil
ed J
ava
pro
gra
ms
Th
e Ja
va
eng
ine
runs
conti
nu
ou
sly a
nd
sp
awns
ali
gh
t-w
eig
ht
thre
ad f
or
each
ser
vle
tca
ll
Most
web
ser
ver
su
se t
he
ap
ach
e w
eb s
erv
er
Mic
roso
ft I
IS i
s th
e se
cond
mo
stpo
pu
lar
cho
ice,
bu
tis
no
tpo
rtab
le
To
mca
t is
th
e m
ost
po
pula
r se
rvle
t co
nta
iner
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
5
HT
ML
Fo
rms
HT
ML
Fo
rms
are
a co
mm
on
met
ho
d t
om
ake
web
pag
esin
tera
ctiv
e
A f
orm
on
aw
eb p
age
allo
ws
the
use
rto
en
ter
req
ues
ted i
nfo
rmat
ion a
nd
subm
itit
for
pro
cess
ing
Ex
amp
le:
<fo
rmn
am
e=
"in
pu
t"acti
on=
"/cg
i-b
in/log
in.p
hp
"m
eth
od
="G
ET">
Usern
am
e:
<in
pu
t ty
pe=
"text"
nam
e=
"usern
am
e">
<b
r/>
Passw
ord
: <
inp
ut
typ
e=
"passw
ord
"n
am
e=
"passw
ord
"><
br/
>
<in
put
typ
e=
"su
bm
it"
valu
e=
"Sub
mit
">
</f
orm
>
The
use
r ty
pes
use
rnam
e “S
mit
h”
and
pas
swo
rd “
my
pas
s”
Wh
en t
he
use
r p
ress
es S
ub
mit
, th
e b
row
ser
sen
ds
the
form
dat
a to
th
e w
ebse
rver
. F
or
GE
T,
it's
th
e sa
me
as c
lick
ing
on
the
lin
k:
htt
p:/
/my
serv
er.c
om
/cgi-
bin
/login
.php?u
sern
ame=
Sm
ith&
pas
sword
=m
ypas
s
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
6
HT
ML
Fo
rms
(co
nt.
)
Wh
en t
he
web
ser
ver
get
s th
is r
equ
est,
it
lau
nch
es t
he
CG
I p
rog
ram
wh
ich
was
wri
tten
to
pro
cess
th
is f
orm
The
CG
I p
rogra
m g
ener
ates
a w
eb p
age
in H
TM
L s
o t
hat
th
e u
ser
can
see
the
resu
lts
of
sub
mit
tin
g t
he
form
The
CG
I p
rogra
m p
asse
s th
e H
TM
L b
ack
to
th
e w
eb s
erver
The
web
ser
ver
pas
ses
the
HT
ML
bac
k t
oth
ebro
wse
r
Wh
at's
th
e d
iffe
ren
ce b
etw
een
th
eG
ET
an
d P
OS
T m
eth
od
s?
A w
eb b
row
ser
do
wn
load
s m
ost
HT
ML
fil
es b
y s
ub
mit
tin
g G
ET
req
ues
ts
GE
T i
s al
so u
sed
fo
r m
any
form
sub
mis
sio
ns,
wh
en t
he
form
dat
a ar
esm
all
(wh
en t
hey
can
fit
in t
he
UR
L)
and
do
no
tn
eed
en
crypti
on
When
an
HT
ML
form
is s
ub
mit
ted
usi
ng
PO
ST
, th
e fo
rm d
ata
are
atta
ched
to t
he
mes
sage
bod
y, at
the
end o
f th
e P
OS
T r
equ
est
bro
wse
rw
ebse
rver
HT
TP
GE
T/P
OS
T HT
ML
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
7
Var
ious
Fo
rmty
pes
Ty
pic
ally
:
<in
put
typ
e=
“t”
nam
e=
“n
”valu
e=
“v”
...
/>
wh
ere
t is
a f
orm
ty
pe,
n i
s th
e in
pu
t n
ame,
v i
s th
e v
alu
e
Ap
pen
ds
&n
=v
to
the
UR
L s
trin
g(v
is
UR
L-e
nco
ded
)
So
me
form
ty
pes
:
hid
den
subm
itan
dre
set
chec
kb
ox
and
rad
io
tex
t an
d p
assw
ord
file
Oth
ers:
<te
xta
rea n
am
e=
“m
yte
xt”
row
s=
“4
” c
ols
=“4
5”>
som
ein
itia
lte
xt<
/texta
rea>
<sele
ct
nam
e=
“m
ym
enu”>
<opti
on>
choic
e1
</o
pti
on>
...<
/sele
ct>
UR
L e
nco
din
g:
rep
lace
s a
spac
ew
ith
a+
sig
n a
nd
un
safe
AS
CII
char
acte
rsw
ith
"%
" fo
llo
wed
by
two
hex
adec
imal
dig
its
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
8
Web
Ser
vic
es
Dee
pW
eb:
w
eb d
ata
sou
rces
th
at a
pp
ear
as o
nli
ne
dat
abas
es
they
are
hid
den
beh
ind
qu
ery
form
s th
at p
rod
uce
dyn
amic
web
co
nte
nt
Thes
e d
ata
sou
rces
oft
en p
rov
ide
a se
con
d a
lter
nat
ive
to q
uer
yin
g
and
up
dat
ing
th
eir
con
ten
tth
rou
gh
a f
ixed
nu
mb
er o
f p
red
efin
ed
Web
Ser
vic
es
Web
Ser
vic
es a
re u
sed
in
use
rap
pli
cati
on
s an
d w
ebm
ash
ups
Aw
eb m
ash
up
is
a co
mp
osi
te w
eb a
pp
lica
tion
that
com
bin
esre
sou
rces
fro
m m
ult
iple
dat
a so
urc
es
Itca
nac
cess
, fi
lter
, jo
in,
and a
gg
reg
ate
dat
a fr
om
all
th
ese
dat
a so
urc
es
Most
web
mas
hu
ps
are
dy
nam
ic w
eb p
ages
dev
elo
ped
in
asc
rip
tin
g l
ang
uag
e
See
:h
ttp
://w
ww
.pro
gra
mm
able
web
.co
m/h
ow
to
Ther
e ar
em
any
mas
hu
p d
evel
op
men
t to
ols
:Y
aho
o P
ipes
, In
tel's
Mas
hm
aker
, IB
M's
Sw
ash
up
Th
ey e
ase
the
task
of
dev
elo
pin
gm
ash
up
sb
y p
rov
idin
g f
ixed
way
s o
f co
nn
ecti
ng
web
app
lica
tio
ns
and
of
tran
sfo
rmin
g d
ata
bet
wee
n t
hem
, w
ith
ou
tre
qu
irin
g a
ny p
rog
ram
min
gsk
ills
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
9
RE
ST
ful
Web
Ser
vic
es
Thes
e ar
e re
sou
rce-
ori
ente
d W
ebS
erv
ices
th
atar
ebas
ed o
n H
TT
P
RE
ST
= R
Ep
rese
nta
tio
nal
Sta
teT
ran
sfer
reso
urc
e:pro
vid
ed b
ya
serv
er a
nd
can
be
any d
ata
or
do
cum
ent
Cli
ents
may
acce
ss a
reso
urc
eusi
ng
its
UR
L
When
a s
erv
eris
req
ues
ted
a r
eso
urc
e, a
spec
ific
repre
sen
tati
on
is
retu
rned
Th
e re
pre
sen
tati
on m
ay c
on
tain
hyper
lin
ks
that
, w
hen
trav
erse
d,
acce
ss
oth
er r
eso
urc
es =
>th
is c
ause
s a
sta
te t
ran
sfer
Itp
rov
ides
sta
tele
ss s
erv
ices
for
bo
th q
uer
yin
g a
nd
up
dat
ing
th
rou
gh
a u
nif
orm
gen
eric
in
terf
ace
Itp
rov
ides
a p
red
efin
ed s
et o
f st
and
ard
met
ho
ds,
wh
ich
are
actu
ally
th
e H
TT
Pen
vel
op
met
ho
ds:
GE
T,
PO
ST
, P
UT
,D
EL
ET
E,
and H
EA
D
One
may
retr
ieve
dat
a fr
om
a W
eb S
ervic
e by
sen
din
g a
n H
TT
PG
ET
req
ues
t usi
ng
a ce
rtai
n U
RL
wit
h a
n e
mbed
ded
quer
y s
trin
g i
n t
he
UR
L
To r
epla
ce t
his
dat
a w
ith
new
dat
a, o
ne
sim
ply
nee
ds
to s
end a
n H
TT
PP
OS
T
reques
t usi
ng e
xac
tly
the
sam
e U
RL
and i
ncl
udin
g t
he
new
dat
a in
the
HT
TP
body
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
10
RE
ST
ful
Web
Ser
vic
es (
cont.
)
Hea
vy
-du
ty W
eb S
erv
ices
use
th
e S
OA
P p
roto
col
Use
d m
ost
ly f
or
B2B
in
tera
ctio
ns
Su
pp
ort
s cu
sto
m m
etho
ds
for
qu
eryin
g a
nd
up
dat
ing
Bas
ed o
n s
tan
dar
ds:
XM
L,
SO
AP
, W
SD
L,
UD
DI
Most
Web
Ser
vic
es c
laim
to
be
RE
ST
In r
eali
ty,
they
wan
t to
indic
ate
that
th
eyar
e re
sou
rce-
ori
ente
d,
no
t S
OA
P
On
ly f
ewar
ere
ally
RE
ST
:
the
Ato
mP
ubli
shin
g P
roto
col
(AP
P)
for
pub
lish
ing t
o b
log
s
Am
azon S
3,
Su
n's
Clo
ud A
PI,
Apac
he
Sli
ng
Am
azo
n S
imp
le S
tora
ge
Ser
vic
e (S
3)
is u
sed
to s
tore
obje
cts
usi
ng t
he
Am
azon o
nli
ne
stora
ge
infr
astr
uct
ure
The
AP
I use
s B
uck
ets,
Obje
cts,
Key
san
d O
per
atio
ns
Obje
cts
are
store
d i
n b
uck
ets
An o
bje
ct h
asfo
ur
par
ts:
val
ue,
key
, m
etad
ata,
and a
n a
cces
s co
ntr
ol
poli
cy
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
11
Yah
oo
Pip
es
htt
p:/
/pip
es.y
ahoo.c
om
/pip
es/p
ipe.
info
?_id
=_Ia
89
ose
3B
GM
Z6Y
Nlv
XiA
A
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
12
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
13
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
14
XH
TM
L
Nee
d t
oh
and
le H
TM
L c
onte
nt
as d
ata
so t
hat
we
can r
etri
eve
arb
itra
ry p
arts
of
the
HT
ML
do
cum
ent
usi
ng
ID
s
so t
hat
we
can s
elec
tivel
y c
han
ge
par
ts o
f th
eco
nte
nt
of
HT
ML
pag
es
requir
ed f
or
asy
nch
ronous
serv
er r
eques
ts (
see
Aja
x l
ater
)
The
ob
vio
us
cho
ice
isto
tre
at H
TM
Las
XM
L
Ple
nti
ful
stan
dar
ds
for
qu
eryin
g/m
od
ifyin
g X
ML
dat
a
XH
TM
L i
s H
TM
L i
nX
ML
fo
rm,
stan
dar
diz
ed b
y W
3C
Itw
ill
even
tual
ly r
epla
ce H
TM
L
XH
TM
L i
s a
stri
cter
an
d c
lean
er v
ersi
on
of
HT
ML
It's
ver
y w
ell
inte
gra
ted
wit
h C
asca
din
g S
tyle
Sh
eets
(C
SS
s)
“Qu
irk
s” m
od
e: c
urr
ent
bro
wse
rsre
cogn
ize
bo
thH
TM
L a
nd
X
HT
ML
Nee
d t
o d
ecla
re t
he
do
cum
ent
typ
e (D
TD
)if
yo
u w
ant
to e
nfo
rce
XH
TM
L
Jav
aScr
ipt
can
rea
d X
HT
ML
as
eith
erte
xt
or
XM
L (
usi
ng
aD
OM
par
ser)
It m
aygiv
e unex
pec
ted r
esult
s if
you p
arse
HT
ML
usi
ng D
OM
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
15
Ho
w X
HT
ML
is
dif
fere
nt
from
HT
ML
?
elem
ent
and
att
rib
ute
nam
es m
ust
be
in l
ow
erca
se
elem
ents
mu
st b
epro
per
ly n
este
d (
wel
l-fo
rmed
)
inst
ead o
f <
p>
, yo
u w
rite
<p>
...<
/p>
inst
ead o
f <
br>
, yo
u w
rite
<b
r/>
mu
sth
ave
on
e ro
ot
elem
ent
all
attr
ibu
tes
mu
st h
ave
expli
cit
val
ues
, w
hic
h m
ust
be
in q
uo
tes
use
id i
nst
ead
of
na
me a
s an
id
enti
fier
spec
ial
char
acte
rs a
re a
lway
sch
arac
ter
enti
ties
(eg
, &
amp
;)
scri
pt
cod
e m
ust
be
con
tain
ed i
n a
CD
AT
Ase
ctio
n:
<scri
pt
type=
"type/javascri
pt"
>
//<
![C
DA
TA
[
...Ja
vaScri
pt
code
...
//]]
>
</s
cri
pt>
som
e n
esti
ng
res
tric
tio
ns
(eg
, no
nes
ted
<p
>..
.</p
>)
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
16
div
an
dspan
elem
ents
div
: A
blo
ck (
log
ical
gro
up
ing
) o
f el
emen
ts
may
co
nta
in m
ult
iple
ele
men
ts
span
: a
gen
eric
in
line
elem
ent
mu
sto
nly
con
tain
sim
ple
tex
t
<span
cla
ss=
“phone”>
81
7-2
72
-36
29
</s
pan>
The
id a
ttri
bu
teg
ives
an
ele
men
t a
un
iqu
eid
enti
fyin
gn
ame
An
yX
HT
ML
ele
men
tm
ayh
ave
an i
d
Eac
h i
d m
ust
be
un
iqu
e w
ithin
th
e X
HT
ML
do
cum
ent
Must
star
tw
ith
ale
tter
;m
ay c
onta
in l
ette
rs,
nu
mb
ers,
-,
_, :,
an
d .
<div
id=
“x2
34
”>
...
</d
iv>
An
id
sel
ecto
r al
low
s y
ou
to
tar
get
an
ele
men
t b
y i
ts i
d v
alu
e
<a
hre
f=“in
dex.h
tml#
x2
34
”>
...<
/a>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
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rogra
mm
ing
17
En
forc
ing
XH
TM
L
Ho
wto
en
forc
e it
?<
htm
l xm
lns=
"htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
3.o
rg/1
999/x
htm
l">
<head>
<ti
tle>
Tit
le g
oes h
ere
</t
itle
>
</h
ead>
<body>
...
the b
ody
goes
here
</b
ody>
</h
tml>
A s
tric
ter
form
(en
forc
es c
hec
kin
g a
gai
nst
th
e X
HT
ML
DT
D):
<!D
OC
TYPE h
tml PU
BLIC
"-/
/W3C
//D
TD
XH
TM
L 1
.0Str
ict/
/EN
"
"htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
3.o
rg/T
R/x
htm
l1/D
TD
/xhtm
l1-s
tric
t.dtd
">
<head>
...
Web
Dat
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emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
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rogra
mm
ing
18
Th
e P
rev
iou
sF
orm
in X
HT
ML
The
pre
vio
us
form
in
XH
TM
L:
<fo
rmnam
e=
"input"
acti
on=
"/cgi-
bin
/login
.php"
meth
od=
"GET">
<field
set>
<le
gend>
User
info
rmati
on:<
/legend>
<ul>
<li>
<la
bel>
Usern
am
e:
<in
put
type=
"text"
nam
e=
"usern
am
e"/
><
label>
</li>
<li>
<la
bel>
Passw
ord
:
<in
put
type=
"passw
ord
”nam
e=
"passw
ord
"/>
<la
bel>
</li>
</u
l>
<in
put
type=
"subm
it"
valu
e=
"Subm
it"/
>
</f
ield
set>
</f
orm
>
Web
Dat
a M
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emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
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rogra
mm
ing
19
Cas
cad
ing
Sty
le S
hee
ts (
CS
S)
Nee
d t
ose
par
ate
Fu
nct
ion
ali
ty:
do
ne
wit
h a
com
bin
atio
n o
f se
rver
- an
d c
lien
t-si
de
pro
gra
mm
ing
dev
eloped
by
web
appli
cati
on p
rogra
mm
ers
Co
nte
nt
(lay
out)
: sp
ecif
ied
wit
h H
TM
L/X
HT
ML
tag
s
des
igned
by
web
pag
e d
esig
ner
s
Sty
le(c
olo
r, f
onts
,etc
):sp
ecif
ied w
ith
CS
S
CS
S:
Ca
sca
din
g S
tyle
Sh
eets
allo
ws
dev
elo
per
sto
co
ntr
ol
the
style
of
mult
iple
ele
men
ts a
nd W
ebpag
es
The
CS
S s
yn
tax
is
mad
eup
of
thre
e p
arts
:sele
cto
r {
pro
pert
y:
valu
e;
…;
pro
pert
y:
valu
e;
}
Ex
amp
le:
p.c
ente
r{ t
ext-
align:
cente
r; c
olo
r:bla
ck;
font-
fam
ily:
ari
al; }
Use
d a
s:<
pcla
ss=
“cente
r”>
...<
/p>
Web
Dat
a M
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emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
20
Wh
ere
to p
ut
CS
S?
Dec
lare
din
th
e <
hea
d>
... <
/hea
d>
<head>
<ti
tle>
My
Tit
le<
/tit
le>
<sty
lety
pe=
"text/
css">
h1
,h2
{colo
r:re
d;
}
p{
font-
siz
e:
sm
all;
font-
fam
ily:
sans-s
eri
f;}
ul{
list-
sty
le-t
ype:
square
;}
ulul{
list-
sty
le-t
ype:
cir
cle
;}
</s
tyle
>
</h
ead>
Em
bed
ded
as
an a
ttri
bu
testy
le=
“..
.”
<h1
sty
le=
"colo
r:blu
e;
marg
in-t
op:
10
px">
Intr
oducti
on<
/h1
>
Lin
ked
to
an
ex
tern
al.c
ssfi
le:
<head>
<ti
tle>
My
Tit
le<
/tit
le>
<link
rel=
"sty
lesheet"
hre
f="M
ySty
lesheet.
css"
type=
"text/
css"
/>
</h
ead>
Usi
ng
casc
adin
gto
res
olv
e st
yle
co
nfl
icts
Sty
leS
hee
t H
iera
rch
y
Web
Dat
a M
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emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
21
Co
ok
ies
Sm
all
bit
s o
f te
xt
sto
red
at
the
clie
nt
sid
e (o
n t
he
bro
wse
r)
Wh
en a
use
r co
nn
ects
to
a s
erv
er f
or
the
firs
t ti
me,
th
e se
rver
may
crea
te a
co
ok
ie,
wh
ich
wil
l b
e st
ore
d o
n t
he
clie
nt's
bro
wse
r
Th
e co
ok
ie i
s as
soci
ated
wit
h t
he
do
mai
n o
f th
is p
arti
cula
rse
rver
Co
okie
s ca
nbe
read
on
lyfr
om
the
do
mai
n t
hat
crea
ted
them
Co
okie
s ar
e p
art
of
the
HT
TP
hea
der
, so
set
tin
g a
co
ok
ie m
ust
be
pu
t in
HT
TP
bef
ore
any
ou
tpu
t is
sen
t to
th
e b
row
ser
Aft
er t
he
firs
t v
isit
to
a w
eb s
ite,
th
ebro
wse
r re
turn
s a
cop
y o
fth
e co
ok
ie t
o t
he
serv
er e
ach
tim
e it
co
nn
ects
Co
okie
s h
ave
anex
pir
atio
n d
ate
afte
r w
hic
h t
hey
are
del
eted
Aft
erth
eyex
pir
ed,
the
nex
t co
nnec
tio
n t
oth
ese
rver
is
lik
e th
e fi
rst
tim
e
Ex
amp
le:
Nam
e:F
PS
, D
om
ain
:yah
oo.c
om
, E
xp
ire:
07
/02
/20
13 0
1:0
0:0
0 P
M
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
22
Ses
sio
n T
rack
ing
Mai
nta
ins
info
rmat
ion
ab
ou
t a
vis
ito
r as
sh
e n
avig
ates
th
rou
gh
ase
rver
sit
e
pre
serv
es c
erta
in d
ata
acro
ss s
ubse
qu
ent
acce
sses
mai
nta
ins
the
illu
sio
n o
f a
sess
ion
th
at s
pan
s m
ult
iple
pag
es
Kee
ps
trac
k o
f v
isit
ors
by
iss
uin
gth
em c
oo
kie
s w
ith
ran
do
mly
gen
erat
ed s
essi
on
IDs
Th
e se
rver
use
s th
ese
ssio
nID
co
ok
ie t
o r
emem
ber
the
vis
ito
r
Ses
sio
n d
ata
are
seri
aliz
ed a
nd
sto
red
at
the
serv
er a
fter
a v
isit
or
acce
ss f
inis
hes
Th
eyar
ere
crea
ted
and
load
ed o
n t
he
sub
seq
uen
tac
cess
Ifth
euse
r b
row
ser
do
esn
't ac
cep
t co
ok
ies,
it
auto
mat
ical
lyad
ds
the
sess
ion
ID
to
UR
Ls
and
to
the
form
ssu
bm
itte
d b
y t
he
use
r:F
or
exam
ple
:
<a
hre
f=“htt
p:/
/serv
er.
com
/index.h
tml”
>...<
a/>
gen
erat
es t
he
UR
L
htt
p:/
/ser
ver
.co
m/i
nd
ex.h
tml?
ID=
64
cc3
ab7
64
da6
98
64
ca3
87
4ab
32
76
Web
Dat
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emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
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rogra
mm
ing
23
Jav
aScr
ipt
Fo
r cl
ien
t-si
de
pro
gra
mm
ing
th
e ch
oic
e is
cle
ar:
Ja
va
Scr
ipt
Itis
a s
crip
tin
g l
angu
age
(in
terp
rete
d)
Itis
usu
ally
em
bed
ded
dir
ectl
yin
to H
TM
L p
ages
Un
lik
e Ja
va,
it
is e
ven
t-b
ased
No m
ain p
rogra
m
HT
ML
ele
men
ts c
an b
e as
soci
ated
wit
h e
ven
ts(a
ctio
ns)
Lo
ok
s a
litt
lebit
lik
e C
but
it's
not
that
rel
ated
to J
ava
(alt
ho
ug
h i
t h
as O
O f
eatu
res
no
w)
unli
ke
C,
it's
no
tst
ron
gly
typed
var
x=
1;
More
in
form
atio
n a
t:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
3sc
ho
ols
.co
m/j
s/js
_in
tro
.asp
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
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rogra
mm
ing
24
Em
bed
din
g J
avaS
crip
t
To
emb
ed J
avaS
crip
t co
de
into
an
HT
ML
pag
e:<
scri
pt
type=
"text/
javascri
pt"
>
docum
ent.
wri
te("
<p>
Hello
Worl
d!<
/p>
");
</s
cri
pt>
Usi
ng
exte
rnal
Jav
aScr
ipt
cod
e:<
scri
pt
type=
"text/
javascri
pt"
src
="m
yScri
pt.
js">
</s
cri
pt>
In s
om
eac
tio
ns:
<in
put
type=
"butt
on"
onclick=
"copy()
;"/>
Yo
u m
ay e
mb
ed J
avaS
crip
t co
de
bef
ore
th
e H
TM
L b
od
y
… b
ut
this
is
bad
pro
gra
mm
ing
pra
ctic
e: u
se e
xte
rnal
co
de
The
Jav
aScr
ipt
cod
e ca
nch
ang
e th
e co
nte
nt
of
the
emb
edd
ing
H
TM
L p
age
inte
ract
ivel
y
Itse
es t
he
emb
eddin
gH
TM
L d
ocu
men
tas
a n
ode
tree
(H
TM
L D
OM
)
When
Jav
aScr
ipt
up
dat
es t
he
nod
e tr
ee,
the
bro
wse
rau
tom
atic
ally
red
raw
s o
nly
th
e p
arts
of
the
web
pag
eth
at c
orr
esp
on
d t
o t
he
up
dat
ed n
od
es
Th
is m
akes
th
e b
row
ser
look
lik
e a
reg
ula
r G
UI
Web
Dat
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emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
25
Sy
nta
x
Itis
mo
stly
lik
e C
Arr
ays:
var
myC
ars
=["
Saab
","V
olv
o",
"BM
W"]
;
myC
ars
[0]
="O
pel"
;
for
(xin
myC
ars
)
docu
men
t.w
rite
(myC
ars
[x]
+"<
br
/>")
;
Ob
ject
s h
ave
pro
per
ties
an
d m
eth
od
s
Th
eyar
ea
sso
ciati
veli
sts:
uno
rder
ed c
oll
ecti
on
s o
fn
ame/
val
ue
pai
rs
pers
on
Obj=
new
Obje
ct(
);
pers
on
Obj.fi
rstn
am
e=
"Joh
n";
pers
on
Obj.la
stn
am
e=
"Doe";
pers
on
Obj.ag
e=
50
;
pers
on
Obj[
ph
on
e]
=“1
23
45
6”;
// s
ame
aspers
on
Ob
j.p
hon
eor
pers
on
Obj['
phon
e']
Met
ho
ds:
lik
ere
gula
r fu
nct
ion
s th
at h
ave
an i
mp
lici
t'this
'ob
ject
Str
ing
sar
e o
bje
cts
var
str
="H
ello
worl
d!"
;
docum
ent.
wri
te(s
tr.length
);
fun
cti
on
ch
an
geA
ge
(ag
e)
{th
is.a
ge
=ag
e;
};
pers
on
Ob
j.chan
geA
ge(4
5);
Web
Dat
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L2
:W
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mm
ing
26
Cla
ss C
onst
ruct
ors
Ifa
fun
ctio
n i
sca
lled
wit
h'n
ew',
itcr
eate
s an
ob
ject
functi
on
C(d
){
var
x=
d;
//p
riv
ate
var
iab
le
this
.y=
1;
// p
ub
lic
var
iab
le
this
.f=
ff;
//p
ub
lic
met
ho
d
functi
on
ff(z
){
//p
riv
ate
met
ho
d
retu
rnth
is.y
+z;
}}
var
myC
=new
C(3
);
var
z =
myC
.f(4
);
Alt
ern
ativ
e o
bje
ct c
on
stru
ctio
n:
var
car
={
make:
“H
onda”,m
odel:
“C
ivic
” }
;
An
on
ym
ou
s fu
nct
ion
s:var
f=
functi
on(x
,y)
{re
turn
x+
y}
;
var
f=
new
Functi
on('
x','y
','r
etu
rnx+
y')
;
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
27
Th
e Ja
vaS
crip
tE
xec
uti
on
En
vir
onm
ent
A w
eb b
row
ser
dis
pla
ys
on
e H
TM
L d
ocu
men
t o
n t
he
bro
wse
rsc
reen
The
Jav
aScr
ipt
ob
ject
Win
dow
rep
rese
nts
th
e w
ind
ow
th
at d
isp
lay
sth
e d
ocu
men
t
The
Jav
aScr
ipt
ob
ject
Docum
ent
rep
rese
nts
the
HT
ML
do
cum
ent
Th
e g
lob
al v
aria
ble
docum
ent
is e
qual
tow
indow
.docum
ent
Ev
ent-
dri
ven
pro
gra
mm
ing
: p
rov
ide
even
t h
and
ler
fun
ctio
ns
for
cert
ain
ev
ents
on
the
bro
wse
r
eg,
am
ou
se-c
lick
on a
fo
rm b
utt
on
Ty
pes
of
even
ts:
onch
ang
e, o
ncl
ick,
on
focu
s, o
nm
ou
seo
ver
, o
nlo
ad, …
Ex
amp
le:
<in
put
type=
”butt
on” o
nclick=
”m
yH
andle
r();
”>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
28
HT
ML
DO
M
The
HT
ML
Do
cum
ent
Ob
ject
Mo
del
(DO
M)
def
ines
a s
tan
dar
d
way
fo
r ac
cess
ing
an
d m
anip
ula
tin
g H
TM
L d
ocu
men
ts
itpre
sen
ts a
nH
TM
L d
ocu
men
tas
a t
ree-
stru
ctu
re(a
nod
etr
ee),
wit
hel
emen
ts,
attr
ibu
tes,
and
text
Sim
ilar
to
XM
L D
OM
Ty
pes
of
no
des
:
Ele
men
t n
odes
, A
ttri
bu
te n
odes
, T
ext
no
des
, ...
No
de
pro
per
ties
:
x.in
nerH
TM
L-
the
tex
tv
alue
of
the
elem
entx
(y
ou
can
rep
lace
it!)
x.n
odeN
am
e-
the
nam
eo
fx
(ta
g n
ame
or
attr
ibu
te n
ame)
x.n
odeV
alu
e -
th
e v
alu
e o
fx
(x m
ust
be
a te
xt
no
de
or
attr
ibu
te n
od
e)
x.p
are
ntN
ode
-th
ep
aren
t n
ode
ofx
x.c
hildN
od
es
- t
he
chil
d n
od
es o
fx
(an
arra
yo
f el
emen
tn
od
es)
x.a
ttri
bute
s -
th
e at
trib
ute
s no
des
ofx
(an
arr
ay o
f at
trib
ute
no
des
)
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
29
DO
M M
eth
od
s
docum
en
t: T
he
roo
t o
f th
e em
bed
din
gH
TM
L d
ocu
men
t
Met
hod
s to
lo
cate
an
ele
men
t an
yw
her
ein
th
e H
TM
L d
ocu
men
t:
x.g
etE
lem
entB
yId
('id
')
//re
turn
s a
no
de
x.g
etE
lem
ents
ByTagN
am
e('
tag')
//
ret
urn
s an
arr
ayo
f n
od
es
Sh
ort
cut:
x.t
ag
is
the
sam
eas
x.g
etE
lem
ents
ByTagN
am
e('
tag')
Ex
amp
le:
<fo
rm id=
”m
yC
heckbox”>
<in
put
type=
”checkbox” n
am
e=
”oneC
hoic
e” v
alu
e=
”1
”>
A
<in
put
type=
”checkbox” n
am
e=
”oneC
hoic
e” v
alu
e=
”2
”>
B
<in
put
type=
”checkbox” n
am
e=
”oneC
hoic
e” v
alu
e=
”3
”>
C
</f
orm
>
Jav
aScr
ipt
cod
e:var
checked
=0
;
var
d=
docum
ent.
getE
lem
entB
yId
(“m
yC
heckbox”).
oneC
hoic
e;
for
(in
ti=
0;
i<
d.length
;i+
+)
if(d
[i].
checked)
checked+
+;
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
30
DO
M M
eth
od
s(c
on
t.)
To
nav
igat
e, s
tart
ing
fro
m a
no
de
x,
use
th
e m
eth
ods:
x.p
are
ntN
ode()
x.f
irstC
hild
()
x.n
extC
hild()
x.c
hildN
od
es()
x.a
ppendC
hild(n
ode)
x.r
em
oveC
hild
(node)
To
retr
iev
e an
att
rib
ute
val
ue,
use
th
e at
trib
ute
nam
e as
pro
per
tydocum
ent.
getE
lem
entB
yId
("b2
0")
.src
="a
.gif";
<im
gsrc
="b
.gif"
id=
"b2
0"/
>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
31
Dy
nam
ic D
ocu
men
ts
To
mo
ve
an e
lem
ent
on
the
scre
en:
mu
stse
t th
eC
SS
po
siti
on
pro
per
ty t
o a
bso
lute
or
rela
tive
<div
id=
”X
3” s
tyle
=”posit
ion:
rela
tive;
top:
0px;”
>
<im
gsrc
=”x.jpg”/>
</d
iv>
Jav
aScr
ipt
cod
e to
mo
ve
the
imag
e:
docum
ent.
getE
lem
entB
yId
(“X
3”).
sty
le.t
op
=“1
0px”;
An
imat
ion
: m
ov
e th
e el
emen
t co
nti
nu
ou
sly
Use
set
Tim
eou
t(“.
..co
de.
..”,
del
ay)
to c
ontr
ol
spee
d
To
chan
ge
sty
le p
roper
ties
:docum
ent.
getE
lem
entB
yId
(“X
3”).
sty
le.c
olo
r=
“blu
e”;
To
hid
e el
emen
ts:
docum
ent.
getE
lem
entB
yId
(“X
3”).
sty
le.v
isib
ilit
y=
“hid
den”;
To
chan
ge
the
con
ten
t o
f an
ele
men
t:docum
ent.
getE
lem
entB
yId
(“X
3”).
innerH
TM
L=
“<
img
…/>
”;
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
32
Inte
ract
ive
Act
ions
at t
he
Cli
ent
Sid
e
This
fo
rm d
oes
no
t p
erfo
rm a
ny
act
ion
at
the
serv
er s
ide
Bu
t, w
hen
th
e b
utt
on
is
pu
shed
, it
ch
anges
the
con
ten
t o
fyo
ur
web
pag
e<
form
>
You
rn
am
e:
<in
put
id=
"in
pu
t">
<in
put
typ
e=
butt
on
onclick=
"cop
y()
;"valu
e=
"pro
ceed
">
Gre
eti
ng
: <
inp
ut
id=
"dis
pla
y">
</f
orm
>
<div
id=
"ou
tpu
t">
&n
bsp;<
/div
>
The
cod
e o
f co
py
():
<scri
pt
typ
e=
"text/
javascri
pt"
>
fun
cti
on
cop
y()
{
var
text
=d
ocu
men
t.g
etE
lem
en
tById
("in
pu
t").
valu
e;
docu
men
t.g
etE
lem
en
tById
("dis
pla
y")
.valu
e=
"Hello
"+te
xt+
"!";
outp
ut
=docum
en
t.g
etE
lem
en
tById
("outp
ut"
);
outp
ut.
rep
laceC
hild
(docu
men
t.cre
ate
TextN
od
e("
Hello
"+te
xt+
"!")
,
ou
tpu
t.firs
tCh
ild);
} </s
cri
pt>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
33
Asy
nch
ron
ou
sS
erv
er R
equ
ests
When
th
e u
ser
pu
shes
th
e S
ub
mit
bu
tto
n o
n a
form
:<
form
acti
on=
"scri
pt.
php">
the
curr
ent
pag
e is
era
sed
an
d r
epla
ced
wit
h a
new
pag
e, w
hic
h i
sth
e o
utp
ut
of
the
scri
pt.
ph
p
ver
yex
pen
siv
efo
rth
ese
rver
it m
ayhav
e to
res
end p
arts
of
the
eras
ed w
eb p
age
agai
n
ver
yan
no
yin
gfo
r th
e cl
ien
t
she
has
to
wai
t fo
rth
e new
web
pag
e, l
ookin
g a
imle
ssly
on a
n e
mpty
pag
e
Ch
eati
ng
: u
se h
idd
en f
ram
es
Cli
ent
get
s a
vec
tor
of
fram
es f
rom
the
serv
er
On
ly o
ne
fram
e is
dis
pla
yed
eac
h t
ime
Giv
es t
he
imp
ress
ion
of
inte
ract
ion
Ass
um
es t
hat
you
do
n't
nee
d s
erv
er d
ata
whil
en
avig
atin
g t
hro
ug
h f
ram
es
Gen
eral
so
luti
on
: D
yn
amic
HT
ML
(D
HT
ML
)
Usi
ng
asy
nch
ron
ous
serv
er r
equ
ests
Intr
od
uce
d b
y M
icro
soft
(AJA
X:
Asy
nch
ron
ous
JavaS
crip
t an
d X
ML
)W
eb D
ata
Man
agem
ent
and
XM
LL
2:
Web
Pro
gra
mm
ing
34
AJA
X
Use
s as
yn
chro
no
us
dat
a tr
ansf
er b
etw
een
a b
row
ser
and
a w
eb
serv
er,
allo
win
g w
eb p
ages
to
req
ues
t d
ata
fro
m t
he
serv
er
inst
ead
of
wh
ole
pag
es
When
the
clie
nt
sen
ds
a G
ET
/PO
ST
req
ues
t, i
td
oes
n't
wai
tfo
ra
resp
onse
it s
ets
a han
dle
r to
be
evoked
when
it
rece
ives
the
resp
onse
fro
m s
erver
the
serv
er r
esp
on
se i
s ty
pic
ally
XM
L o
rX
HT
ML
dat
a
when
the
clie
nt
han
dle
s th
e re
spon
se,
it u
ses
this
dat
a to
updat
e th
e w
eb p
age
usi
ng t
he
XM
L o
r th
e H
TM
L D
OM
This
is
acco
mp
lish
ed w
ith
th
e X
ML
Htt
pR
equ
est
ob
ject
call
ed A
ctiv
eXO
bje
cton
old
IE
(b
efo
re I
E7)
Yo
u c
an g
et m
ore
info
rmat
ion
at:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
3sc
ho
ols
.co
m/a
jax
/def
ault
.asp
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
35
Ex
amp
le
On
cli
ck,
we
wan
t to
ev
ok
eserv
era
cti
on.p
hp
at
the
serv
er s
ide
asy
nch
ron
ou
sly
:<
form
>
Com
ment:
<in
put
nam
e=
"com
ment"
>
<in
put
type=
butt
on
onclick=
"sendR
equest(
);"
valu
e=
"pro
cess
XM
L">
</f
orm
>
<div
id=
"outp
ut"
>&
nbsp;<
/div
>
No
tice
th
at t
her
e is
no
Su
bm
it b
utt
on
We
wan
t al
soth
ere
sult
to
ap
pea
r in
th
e<
div
id=
“ou
tput”
>
sect
ion
inst
ead
of
red
raw
ing
th
e en
tire
pag
e
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
36
Th
e X
ML
Htt
pR
equ
est
Ob
ject
Nee
d t
ocr
eate
an
XM
LH
ttp
Req
ues
t an
d b
ind
its
on
read
ym
eth
od
:<
scri
pt
type=
"text/
javascri
pt"
>
var
request
=new
XM
LH
ttpR
equest(
);
functi
ondisplayResult
(){
if(r
equest.
readySta
te=
=4
){
var
xm
lDoc
=re
quest.
responseX
ML.d
ocum
entE
lem
ent;
var
text
=xm
lDoc.g
etE
lem
ents
ByTagN
am
e("
deptn
am
e")
[0]
.childN
odes[0
].nodeV
alu
e;
docum
ent.
getE
lem
entB
yId
("outp
ut"
).in
nerH
TM
L=
text;
}}
functi
onsendRequest
(){
request.
onre
adysta
techange
=dis
pla
yR
esult
;
request.
open("
GET",
"serv
era
cti
on.p
hp?file
=cs.x
ml"
,tru
e);
request.
send(n
ull);
}
</s
cri
pt>
requ
est.
resp
onseText
retu
rns
the
tex
t co
nte
nt
of
the
resp
on
se
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
37
Cro
ss-D
om
ain
Res
tric
tio
n
The
do
mai
n n
ame
of
the
serv
er w
ho
pro
vid
ed t
he
web
pag
e w
ith
th
e X
ML
Htt
pR
equ
est
req
ues
t m
ust
be
exac
tly
the
sam
e as
th
ed
om
ain
nam
e o
f th
e X
ML
Htt
pR
equ
est
UR
L
Wh
y?
cro
ss-s
ite
scri
pti
ng
fla
ws
(XS
S)
are
no
w t
he
mo
st c
om
mo
n
rep
ort
edse
curi
ty v
uln
erab
ilit
y (
surp
asse
db
uff
er o
ver
flo
ws)
inje
ctin
g m
alic
iou
s sc
rip
ts i
nto
web
pag
es,
an a
ttac
ker
can
gai
n a
cces
s p
riv
ileg
es t
o s
ensi
tive
pag
e co
nte
nt
on
th
e b
row
ser
So
luti
on
: u
se a
pro
xy
scr
ipt
pro
xy.p
hp
on
yo
ur
serv
er<
?p
hp
header(
"Con
tent-
typ
e:
text/
xm
l\n
\n")
;
$u
rl=
$_S
ER
VE
R['
QU
ER
Y_S
TR
ING
'];
if(
str
pos($
url
,"h
ttp:/
/ap
i.lo
cal.yah
oo.c
om
/")
==
=0
)
{
$ch
=cu
rl_in
it($
url
);
cu
rl_exec($
ch
); }
?>
UR
L:
/cg
i-bin
/php
/pro
xy.p
hp?M
apsS
erv
ice/
V1/g
eoco
de?
appid
=X
YZ
123
456
&lo
cati
on
=A
rlin
gto
n
More
in
form
atio
n:
htt
p:/
/dev
eloper
.yah
oo.c
om
/jav
ascr
ipt/
how
to-p
roxy
.htm
l
Mu
stal
soen
forc
e se
curi
ty:
•o
nly
fo
ra
cert
ain
do
mai
n•
req
uir
e lo
gin
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
38
Ex
amp
le
Usi
ng
a d
icti
on
ary
ser
vic
e p
rov
ided
by
ao
naw
are.
com
htt
p:/
/ser
vic
es.a
on
awar
e.co
m/D
ictS
ervic
e/D
ictS
ervic
e.as
mx/D
efin
eInD
ict?
dic
tId=
wn
&w
ord
=co
mp
ute
r
<W
ord
Definit
ion>
<W
ord
>com
pute
r</W
ord
>
<D
efinit
ions>
<D
efinit
ion>
<W
ord
>com
pute
r</W
ord
>
<D
icti
onary
><
Id>
wn<
/Id>
<N
am
e>
Word
Net
(r)
2.0
</N
am
e>
</D
icti
onary
>
<W
ord
Definit
ion>
com
pute
r
n1
:a m
achin
efo
rperf
orm
ing
calc
ula
tions
auto
mati
cally
[syn:
{com
puti
ng
machin
e}
,{
com
puti
ng
devic
e}
,{
data
pro
cessor}
,{
ele
ctr
onic
com
pute
r},
{in
form
ati
on
pro
cessin
gsyste
m}
]
2:
an
expert
at
calc
ula
tion
(or
at
opera
ting
calc
ula
ting
machin
es)
[syn:
{calc
ula
tor}
,{
reckoner}
,{
figure
r},{
esti
mato
r}]
</W
ord
Definit
ion>
</D
efinit
ion>
</D
efinit
ions>
</W
ord
Definit
ion>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
39
Ex
amp
le (
con
t.)
The
htm
lfi
le:
<htm
l>
<head>
<ti
tle>
JavaScri
pt
Exam
ple
</t
itle
>
<scri
pt
type=
"text/
javascri
pt"
>
...
</s
cri
pt>
</h
ead>
<body>
<fo
rm>
Word
or
phra
se:
<in
put
type=
"text"
id=
"form
-input"
>
<in
put
type=
"butt
on"
onclick=
"sendR
equest(
);"
valu
e=
"expla
in">
</f
orm
>
<div
id=
"outp
ut"
>&
nbsp;<
/div
>
</b
ody>
</h
tml>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
40
Ex
amp
le (
con
t.)
The
Jav
aScr
ipt
cod
e:<
scri
pt
typ
e=
"text/
javascri
pt"
>
var
req
uest
=n
ew
XM
LH
ttp
Requ
est(
);
fun
cti
on
dis
pla
yR
esu
lt()
{
if(r
equ
est.
read
ySta
te=
=4
){
var
xm
lDoc =
req
uest.
resp
on
seX
ML.d
ocu
men
tEle
men
t;
var
text
=xm
lDoc.g
etE
lem
en
tsB
yTag
Nam
e("
Word
Defi
nit
ion
")[0
].ch
ildN
od
es[0
].n
od
eV
alu
e;
docu
ment.
getE
lem
en
tById
("ou
tpu
t").
inn
erH
TM
L =
text;
} }
fun
cti
on
send
Req
uest
(){
nets
cap
e.s
ecu
rity
.Pri
vileg
eM
an
ag
er.
en
ab
lePri
vilege("
Un
ivers
alB
row
serR
ead
");
req
uest.
onre
adysta
tech
an
ge
=d
ispla
yR
esu
lt;
var
q=
docum
ent.
getE
lem
en
tById
("fo
rm-i
np
ut"
).valu
e;
req
uest.
open("
GET",
"htt
p:/
/serv
ices.a
on
aw
are
.com
/Dic
tServ
ice/D
ictS
erv
ice.a
sm
x/"
+"D
efi
neIn
Dic
t?dic
tId
=w
n&
word
="+
q,t
rue);
req
uest.
wit
hC
red
en
tials
="t
rue";
req
uest.
send
(nu
ll);
}
</s
cri
pt>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
41
JSO
N:
an A
lter
nat
ive
to X
ML
JSO
N (
Jav
aScr
ipt
Obje
ctN
ota
tio
n)
is a
lig
htw
eig
ht
com
pu
ter
dat
a in
terc
han
ge
form
at
Itis
use
d m
ost
ly i
n J
avaS
crip
t to
get
dat
a fr
om
a w
eb s
erv
ice
to
the
web
bro
wse
r
Itis
a t
ext-
bas
ed,
hu
man
-rea
dab
le f
orm
at f
or
rep
rese
nti
ng
sim
ple
dat
a st
ruct
ure
s an
das
soci
ativ
ear
ray
s (J
avaS
crip
t o
bje
cts)
{"f
irst
Nam
e":
"John",
"las
tNam
e":
"Sm
ith",
"add
ress
": {
"str
eetA
ddre
ss":
"21
2nd S
tree
t",
"cit
y":
"N
ew Y
ork
", "
stat
e":
"NY
", "
post
alC
od
e":
10021
},
"phoneN
um
ber
s":
[
{"t
ype"
: "h
om
e",
"nu
mber
": "
21
2555-1
234"
},
{"t
ype"
: "f
ax",
"nu
mber
": "
64
6555-4
567"
} ]
}
Use
JSO
N.p
ars
e(t
ext)
to p
arse
th
e JS
ON
tex
t
don
'tuse
eval
The
par
sed
dat
a fi
eld
s ar
e ac
cess
ible
usi
ng
Jav
aScr
ipt
syn
tax
:p.f
irstN
am
e,p.p
honeN
um
bers
[0]
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
42
Ser
ver
-sid
e P
rog
ram
min
g
Th
is i
s th
e h
eav
y-d
uty
web
pro
gra
mm
ing
Typ
ical
lyuse
s dat
abas
e co
nn
ecti
vit
y t
o
ver
ify
the
clie
nt
store
the
clie
nt's
stat
e an
d c
urr
ent
sess
ion d
ata
store
sit
e dat
a (p
roduct
s, t
ransa
ctio
ns,
etc
)
Pro
vid
es s
erv
ices
to
cli
ents
th
rou
gh c
om
ple
x a
ppli
cati
on
pro
gra
ms
May
use
web
ser
vic
es o
ffer
ed b
y a
th
ird p
arty
An
y p
rog
ram
min
g l
ang
uag
e ca
n b
e u
sed
C a
nd P
erl
scri
pts
in
CG
I u
sed
to
be
the
mo
st p
op
ula
r ch
oic
es
PH
P s
crip
ts a
re t
he
mo
st p
op
ula
r ch
oic
efo
r fa
st d
evel
op
men
t
AS
P s
crip
tsfr
om
.NE
Tar
e al
so p
opula
r but
they
are
par
ticu
lar
to I
IS
Fo
r h
igh
-per
form
ance
, w
eb d
evel
op
ers
use
Jav
a S
erv
lets
or
the
more
conven
ien
t Ja
vaS
erver
Pag
es (
JSP
) an
d J
avaS
erver
Fac
es (
JSF
),w
hic
h a
re t
ransl
ated
to s
ervle
ts
for
IIS
, th
eyuse
C#
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
43
PH
P
Sta
nd
s fo
r "P
HP
: H
yp
erte
xt
Pre
pro
cess
or"
use
d t
o b
eP
erso
nal
Ho
me
Pag
e
A w
idel
y-u
sed
Op
enS
ou
rce
gen
eral
-pu
rpo
se s
crip
tin
g l
ang
uag
e
Esp
ecia
lly
su
ited
fo
r W
eb d
evel
op
men
t
Most
lyu
sed
at
the
serv
er s
ide
Can
be
emb
edded
in
to H
TM
L
Fac
ilit
ates
rap
id p
roto
typin
g
Eas
y t
ole
arn
by a
no
vic
e
Po
wer
ful
eno
ug
h f
or
a p
rofe
ssio
nal
web
ap
pli
cati
on d
evel
op
er
No
t a
go
od
ch
oic
e fo
r h
igh
-lo
adw
eb s
erv
ers
Eac
h P
HP
scri
pt
mu
st b
e in
terp
rete
dan
d e
val
uat
ed i
n a
new
thre
ad
More
in
form
atio
n a
nd
man
ual
s at
htt
p:/
/ww
w.p
hp
.net
/
htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
3sc
ho
ols
.co
m/p
hp
/def
ault
.asp
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
44
Run
nin
g P
HP
A .
ph
p f
ile
is h
and
led
by
a w
ebse
rver
lik
e an
y .
htm
l fi
le
Itca
nac
tual
ly b
e p
lain
HT
ML
co
de
Itis
usu
ally
PH
Pco
de
that
gen
erat
es H
TM
L w
ith
em
bed
ded
JavaS
crip
tco
de
Imp
ort
ant:
The
PH
Pco
de
runs
on t
he
web
ser
ver
The
JavaS
crip
t co
de
runs
on t
he
web
bro
wse
r
<htm
l><
head>
<ti
tle>
My W
eb
Page<
/tit
le>
<scri
pt
type=
"text/
javascri
pt"
>
functi
on
copy
() {
docum
ent.
getE
lem
entB
yId
("out"
).in
nerH
TM
L =
'te
st'
;
} </s
cri
pt>
</h
ead>
<body>
<?php
pri
nt
"<fo
rm>
<in
put
type=
butt
on o
nclick=
'copy()
;' v
alu
e=
'click'/>
</f
orm
><
div
id=
'out'
>&
nbsp;<
/div
>\n
";
?>
</b
ody>
</h
tml>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
45
PH
P S
yn
tax &
Op
erat
ions
Var
iab
le:
$x
Th
ere
isn
o w
ayto
dec
lare
a t
yp
e fo
ra
var
iab
le
Var
iab
les
hav
elo
cal
sco
pe
You m
aydef
ine
a var
iable
as
glo
bal
or
stat
ic:
glo
bal$
x;
An
un
bo
un
d v
aria
ble
has
a N
ull
val
ue
test
: Is
Set(
$x)
Tw
o k
ind
s o
f st
rin
gs:
sin
gle
-quo
test
rin
gs:
ev
eryth
ing
is
tak
en l
iter
ally
, n
o e
scap
ese
qu
ence
s:\n
dou
ble
-qu
ote
str
ing
s:su
bst
itute
emb
edded
var
iab
les
wit
h t
hei
r v
alu
es
(in
terp
ola
tio
n)
eg,
if$
x=
2th
en“valu
eis
$x”
is
the
sam
eas
'valu
eis
2'
Str
ing
co
nca
ten
atio
n:
“xyz”.”
12
3” i
s“xyz1
23
”
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
46
Arr
ays
Thre
e k
ind
of
arra
ys:
Nu
mer
icar
ray
-A
n a
rray
wit
ha
num
eric
ind
ex
Ass
oci
ativ
e ar
ray -
An
arr
ay w
her
e ea
ch I
Dkey
is
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
a v
alu
e
Mult
idim
ensi
on
al a
rray
-A
n a
rray
co
nta
inin
g o
ne
or
more
arr
ays
$ca
rs=
arr
ay("
Saa
b",
"Vo
lvo
","B
MW
","T
oy
ota
");
Sam
e as
:
arra
y(
[0]=
>"S
aab
", [
1]=
>"V
olv
o",
[2
]=>
"BM
W",
[3
]=>
"To
yo
ta"
)
$ca
rs[1
]=
"H
ond
a";
$ca
rs[]
= "
VW
";
$ag
es =
arr
ay("
Pet
er"=
>3
2,
"Qu
agm
ire"
=>
30
, "J
oe"
=>
34);
$ag
es['
Joe'
]+
=1;
$m
= a
rray
(arr
ay(1
,2,3
),ar
ray
(),a
rray
(4,5
));
$m
[0][
2]
is
equ
al t
o 3
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
47
Inte
ract
ing w
ith
a C
lien
t
The
HT
ML
co
de
at t
he
clie
nt
sid
e:<
form
acti
on=
"acti
on.p
hp"
meth
od=
"GET">
<p>
Your
nam
e:
<in
put
type=
"text"
nam
e=
"nam
e"
/><
/p>
<p>
Your
age:
<in
put
type=
"text"
nam
e=
"age"
/><
/p>
<p>
<in
put
type=
"subm
it"
/><
/p>
</f
orm
>
The
PH
Pfi
leacti
on
.ph
p a
t th
e se
rver
:<
htm
l><
body>
Hi <
?php
echo $
_G
ET['
nam
e']
;?>
.
You a
re <
?php
echo $
_G
ET['
age']
;?>
years
old
.
</b
ody>
</h
tml>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
48
HT
TP
Auth
enti
cati
on
wit
h P
HP
Use
th
e h
ead
er()
fu
nct
ion
to
sen
d a
n "
Au
then
tica
tio
n R
equ
ired
" m
essa
ge
toth
ecl
ien
t b
row
ser,
cau
sin
g i
tto
po
p u
p a
use
rnam
e/p
assw
ord
in
pu
t w
ind
ow
On
ce t
he
use
r h
asfi
lled
in
a u
sern
ame
and
a p
assw
ord
, th
e U
RL
con
tain
ing
th
e P
HP
scr
ipt
wil
l b
e ca
lled
agai
n w
ith
th
e p
red
efin
ed
var
iab
les
PH
P_
AU
TH
_U
SE
R a
nd
PH
P_
AU
TH
_P
Wse
t to
the
use
r n
ame
and
pas
swo
rd<
?php
if(
!isset(
$_SER
VER
['PH
P_A
UTH
_U
SER
'])
||!i
sset(
$_SER
VER
['PH
P_A
UTH
_PW
'])
){
header(
'WW
W-A
uth
enti
cate
:B
asic
realm
="M
em
ber
Are
a"'
);
header(
"HTTP/1
.04
01
Unauth
ori
zed")
;
echo
"You
must
ente
rin
a u
sern
am
eand
passw
ord
com
bin
ati
on!"
;
exit
;
} //validate
user
$_SER
VER
['PH
P_A
UTH
_U
SER
']
?>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
49
Au
then
tica
tio
n u
sin
g M
yS
QL
Nee
d t
oco
nn
ect
to M
yS
QL
dat
abas
e fi
rst.
Fil
e co
nnec
t.p
hp
:<
?p
hp
inclu
de('
db
_lo
gin
.ph
p')
;
$con
necti
on
=m
ysq
l_con
nect(
$d
b_h
ost,
$d
b_u
sern
am
e,$
db_p
assw
ord
);
if(!
$con
necti
on
)
die
("C
ou
ldnot
conn
ect
toth
ed
ata
base:
<b
r/>
".m
ysq
l_err
or(
));
$d
b_sele
ct
=m
ysq
l_sele
ct_
db($
db
_d
ata
base);
if(!
$d
b_sele
ct)
die
("C
ou
ldnot
sele
ct
toth
ed
ata
base:
<br/
>".
mysql_
err
or(
));
?>
The
file
db
_lo
gin
.ph
p d
efin
es t
he
$d
b_
...
var
iab
les
<?php
$db_host=
'localh
ost'
;
$db_data
base=
'users
';
$db_usern
am
e=
'som
eM
ySQ
Luser'
;
$db_passw
ord
='x
xxx';
?>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
50
Th
e U
ser
Dat
abas
e
The
tab
lem
em
bers
in
th
e d
atab
ase
use
rs:
cre
ate
table
mem
bers
(
sid
char(
10)
pri
mary
key n
ot
null,
nam
evarc
har(
30)
not
null,
passw
ord
varc
har(
32)
not
null,
em
ail
varc
har(
40)
);
The
use
r v
alid
atio
n c
od
e:$
result
=m
ysql_
query
("SELEC
T* F
RO
M m
em
bers
WH
ER
E n
am
e=
'".$
_SER
VER
['PH
P_A
UTH
_U
SER
']."
'
AN
Dpassw
ord
='"
.MD
5($
_SER
VER
['PH
P_A
UTH
_PW
']).
"'")
;
if(!
$re
sult
||!m
ysql_
fetc
h_ro
w($
result
)){
header(
'WW
W-A
uth
enti
cate
:B
asic
realm
="M
em
ber
Are
a"'
);
header(
"HTTP/1
.04
01
Unauth
ori
zed")
;
echo
"Your
usern
am
eand
passw
ord
com
bin
ati
on
was
incorr
ect!
";
exit
;
}
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
51
SQ
LIn
ject
ion
That
was
av
ery
un
safe
PH
P s
crip
t!
Yo
u s
ho
uld
nev
erfo
rm a
n S
QL
qu
ery
by
con
cate
nat
ing
in
put
stri
ng
s
Su
pp
ose
th
at y
ou
hav
e in
PH
P:
mysql_
query
("SELEC
T* F
RO
Mm
em
bers
WH
ER
E n
am
e=
'".$
_SER
VER
['user'
]."'
)
Wh
at i
f w
e p
ass
the
use
r:"x
xx';
dro
pta
ble
*;
sele
ct
* f
rom
mem
bers
where
nam
e=
'xxx”
The
qu
ery
bec
om
es:
SE
LE
CT
*FR
OM
mem
bers
WH
ER
En
am
e=
'xxx'; d
rop
tab
le*;
sele
ct
*fr
om
mem
bers
wh
ere
nam
e=
'xxx'
So
luti
on
s:
Use
par
amet
rize
d(p
repar
ed)
quer
ies
in P
HP
Ch
eck
th
euse
r n
ame
for
spec
ial
sym
bo
ls
don't
rely
on
cli
ent-
side
chec
kin
g
Rea
d h
ttp
://w
ww
.ib
m.c
om
/dev
elo
per
wo
rks/
op
enso
urc
e/li
bra
ry/o
s-p
hp
-sec
ure
-ap
ps/
ind
ex.h
tml
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
52
Ap
pli
cati
on
: C
han
ge
Pas
swo
rd
HT
ML
at
the
clie
nt:
<fo
rmacti
on=
"upd
ate
.ph
p"
meth
od
="P
OS
T">
New
passw
ord
: <
inp
ut
typ
e=
"passw
ord
"nam
e=
"passw
ord
"siz
e=
20
/><
br/
>
<in
put
typ
e=
"su
bm
it"
valu
e=
"Ch
an
ge"
/>
</f
orm
>
PH
P a
t th
e se
rver
, fi
le u
pdat
e.p
hp
:<
?p
hp
req
uir
e_on
ce('
log
in.p
hp
');
$n
am
e=
$_S
ER
VE
R['
PH
P_A
UTH
_U
SE
R']
;
if(i
sset(
$_PO
ST['
passw
ord
'])
&&
str
len($
_PO
ST['
passw
ord
'])
>4
)
mysq
l_q
uery
("U
PD
ATE
mem
bers
SE
Tpassw
ord
='"
.M
D5
($_PO
ST['
passw
ord
'])
."'
WH
ER
En
am
e=
'".$n
am
e."'
")
or
die
('C
ann
ot
ch
an
ge
the
passw
ord
');
pri
nt
'Success!'
;
?>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
53
App
lica
tio
n:
Su
bm
itti
ng
aF
ile
HT
ML
at
the
clie
nt:
<fo
rmen
cty
pe=
"mult
ipart
/form
-data
"acti
on
="h
and
in.p
hp
"m
eth
od
="P
OS
T">
<in
put
typ
e=
"hid
den
"n
am
e=
"MA
X_FIL
E_S
IZE"
valu
e=
"30
00
00
0"
/>
Su
bm
it t
his
file:
<in
pu
t n
am
e=
"userf
ile"
typ
e=
"file"
/><
br/
>
<in
put
typ
e=
"su
bm
it"
valu
e=
"Sen
dFile"
/>
</f
orm
>
PH
P a
t th
e se
rver
, fi
le h
and
in.p
hp:
<?p
hp
$fi
le=
$_FIL
ES
['u
serf
ile']
['n
am
e']
;
move_u
plo
ad
ed_fi
le($
_FIL
ES
['u
serf
ile']
['tm
p_n
am
e']
,"som
ed
ir/"
.$
file
);
?>
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
54
Coo
kie
s an
dS
essi
on
s
Yo
u c
an s
et c
oo
kie
s u
sin
g t
he
setc
ook
ie()
fu
nct
ion
setc
ookie
("M
yC
ookie
",“som
ein
fo”,ti
me()
+3
60
0);
/*
expir
es in
1 h
ou
r*/
Can
be
acce
ssed
on
th
e n
ext
pag
e lo
ad u
sin
g $
_C
OO
KIE
echo $
_C
OO
KIE
["M
yC
ookie
"];
To
init
iali
ze a
ses
sio
n,
use
ses
sio
n_
star
t()
Itm
ust
ap
pea
r b
efo
re t
he
<h
tml>
tag
To
acce
ss/c
han
ge
a se
ssio
n v
aria
ble
, u
se $
_S
ES
SIO
N<
?php
sessio
n_sta
rt()
;
if (
!isset(
$_SESSIO
N['
count'
]))
$_SESSIO
N['
count'
]=
0;
$_SESSIO
N['
coun
t']+
+;
pri
nt
'you
have v
isit
ed ' .
$_SESSIO
N['
count'
] .
' ti
mes';
?>
Yo
u c
an d
estr
oy
th
e se
ssio
n b
y c
alli
ng
ses
sio
n_
des
tro
y()
Web
Dat
a M
anag
emen
t an
d X
ML
L2
:W
eb P
rogra
mm
ing
55
Wo
rkin
g w
ith
XM
L
DO
M:
has
all
met
hod
s u
sed
in
Jav
aScr
ipt
DO
M, p
lus
XP
ath
eval
uat
ion
$doc
=new
DO
MD
ocum
ent(
);
$doc->
load('
som
eU
RL.c
om
');
$xpath
=new
DO
MX
Path
($doc);
$nodes
= $
xpath
->evalu
ate
("//
@pri
ce")
;
fore
ach
($nodes
as
$n)
pri
nt
"{$
n->
nodeV
alu
e}
\n";
Sim
ple
XM
L:
To
acc
ess
all
chil
dre
nofx
wit
h t
agA
:x->
A
To
acc
ess
the
val
ue
of
an a
ttri
bu
teA
of
an e
lem
entx
:x['
A']
$xm
lstr
=file
_get_
conte
nts
('som
eU
RL.c
om
');
$xm
l=
new
Sim
ple
XM
LEle
ment(
$xm
lstr
);
fore
ach
($xm
l->
BookLis
t->
BookD
ata
as
$b)
fore
ach
($b->
Pri
ces->
Pri
ce
as
$p)
if($
p['
sto
re_id
']=
="a
mazon")
pri
nt
$b['
isbn']
.'
'.$
b->
Tit
le[0
].'
' .$
p['
pri
ce']
."\
n";
