AGRITECH/TUREclosing the nutrient cycle of the Neuse River basin + sustainably revivinga rural city

$76

35%

THE CITY AS A START-UP | Goldsboro, NC

Cities are frequently built around the occupancy of a single industry, but what if future cities are part of an industry’s foundation?

OF THE NEUSE BASIN IS OCCUPIED BYAGRICULTURE (1993)

BILLION MADE FROM AG. +AGRIBUSINESS IN NC (2016)

BILLION IN USFARM DEBT (2017)

$387

globalizedcommodities

diminishedincome

increased debt

decreased incentive forenvironmentalstewardship

economies dominated by agriculture stress the environment + remain in isolation

CHALLENGE

increasedincome

rural + urban collaboration

improved stewardship

decreased debt

new agrarian technolo-gies tied into existing industrial fabric can support our rural towns

STRATEGY

greater efficiency + new markets

MILLION AWARDED IN NUISANCE DAMAGES FROM NC HOG FARM OPERATIONS (2018)

$50+

Additional Confined SwineFeeding Operations

Swine Operations in the 500 yr Floodplain

Swine Operations in the 100 yr Floodplain

There are 827 total Swine Operations in the Neuse Watershed.

Goldsboro, NC(Middle Basin)

Neuse River Watershed

Credit: Google Streetview

Credit: Shutterstock

A HISTORY OF “PIGS + PLANES”

Credit: Waterkeeper Alliance

1790sBig Ditch used for

agricultural drainage1847Goldsboro est. asWayne County seat

1900Borden Manufacturing

Company est.

1941Seymour Johnson Air Force Base est.,“Do More, Be More, Seymour” tourism

1980sWater quality degrades + first

fish kills reported in Neuse1994Cherry Research Farm est. by USDA + University system

1996Hurricane Fran; Goldsboro’s

population peaks at ~45,000

1999Hurricane Floyd swells the Neuse

above flood stage ~2 months

1997Neuse River rules limit nitrogen runoff; moratorium on new swine farms

2015Goldsboro ranked 5th

poorest city in the nation2016Hurricane Matthew floods town + local power plant, coal ash spills into the Neuse

2014Goldsboro receives $10M TIGER Grant for streetscapes + transit

2017EPA expresss “deep concern” over

EJ issues in NC’s hog industry

2018Over 26 nuisance lawsuits filed against local NC hog farms

Credit: Amanda M. (Flickr)

Credit: DigitalNC

Goldsboro, NC is a military-friendly town rooted in an agricultural system that broadly impacts local culture and quality of life.

1994

1900

2014

1790s

2018

1941Credit: Goldsboro News-Argus

2016

Credit: ScoopnestCredit: Scoopnest

1999

A DENDRITIC PROCESS

The Neuse River connects 6,062 sq. miles, 18 counties, & countless lives in NC.Adaptive reuse of structures in the �oodplain + strategic partnerships with local organizations begins with one bold move toward sustainable innovation, allowing a rural city to foster a systems-based revitalization re�ective of multi-disciplinary planning.

Alternative to phased planning,one idea inspires many more.

Source: abc.net.au

REVITALIZE WITH FLIES

Oviposition(Egg Laying)

BSF LarvaeTreatment

AnimalHusbandry

LarvaeBiomass

Reduction of Nutrients & Manure Volumes,

leaving Frass

Solids

AdultBlack

Soldier Fly*

Egg Havesting

LiquidLiquid

ManureProduction

MatingMating

Chemical Manufacturing

Feed SupplementSupplement

BORDEN CO/OP

Packaging

AGRITECH/TURELAB

Sale of Frassas a Soil Amendment

Re-designing contemporary swine barns for dry manure removal elminates flush systems with lagoon storage or spray fields. Using the native Black Soldier Fly (BSF)* to treat dry manure can effectively close the nutrient cycle of the Neuse River basin and bring sustainable industry to agricultural communities.* BSFs are not classi�ed as pests.

They do not require water or food as adults.

POTENTIAL FOR NEW INDUSTRIES Icon Credit: Noun Project

REVITALIZE WITH FLIES

Oviposition(Egg Laying)

BSF LarvaeTreatment

AnimalHusbandry

LarvaeBiomass

Reduction of Nutrients & Manure Volumes,

leaving Frass

Solids

AdultBlack

Soldier Fly*

Egg Havesting

Liquid

ManureProduction

Mating

Chemical Manufacturing

Feed Supplement

BORDEN CO/OP

Packaging

AGRITECH/TURELAB

Sale of Frassas a Soil Amendment

Re-designing contemporary swine barns for dry manure removal elminates flush systems with lagoon storage or spray fields. Using the native Black Soldier Fly (BSF)* to treat dry manure can effectively close the nutrient cycle of the Neuse River basin and bring sustainable industry to agricultural communities.* BSFs are not classi�ed as pests.

They do not require water or food as adults.

POTENTIAL FOR NEW INDUSTRIES BIG DITCH REGENERBIG DITCH REGENERABIG DITCH REGENERABIG DITCH REGENER TION

BORDEN CO-OPBORDEN CO-OP

THE NEW RESEARCH TRIANGLE

revitalizing the historicrevitalizing the historicwarehouse with a mixwarehouse with a mixof short-term housing of short-term housing + incubator space for+ incubator space forag-tech & community ag-tech & community organizationsorganizationsspace will catalyzespace will catalyzedevelopmentdevelopment

daylighting the channelized “Big Ditch” willdaylighting the channelized “Big Ditch” willunify the town with its closest ecological unify the town with its closest ecological resource, absorb stormwater & reduceer & reduceurban flood risk + increase access urban flood risk + increase access for learning & recreation

AGRITECH/TURE LAB

experimental agri-tech at existing NC Dept. of Agriculture & Cherry Research Farm will spur more educational opportunities + createnew ag system with potential to improve farm/neighbor relations& boost water quality

Goldsboro lies just downstream from Raleigh/Durham, easing access to rural research and extension.

AGRITECH/TURE LAB

160 ACRE AGRITOURISM DESTINATIONREPRESENTING WATERSHED LEVELSOLUTIONS ON A LOCALIZED SCALE

Center for EnvIronmentalFarming Systems

NC Dept. of Ag

Cherry Research Farm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

ag

lo

op / little river to neuse trail

1 RESEARCH, TRAINING, EDUCATION LAB 2 INCUBATION FOR SMALL FARMERS (PLOT ROTATION)3 “FLYODIESEL” RESEARCH4 FRASS AMENDMENT RESEARCH5 SILVACULTURE STATION6 ALTERNATIVE SWINE UNIT (CFES)7 COMMUNITY GARDENS8 GREENWAY NODE

8

The Agritech/ture Lab will continuously bring in agritech startups for research, policy making + commerical scale adoption planning. Local schools + a�liated universities will have rotating opportunities for innovative agritech research, including short term housing, farm plots, lab facilities and access to river trails + maker spaces.

FLIES ARE JUST THE START

AGRITECH/TURE LAB

AGRITECH SWINE BARN(dry waste conveyance)

TYPICAL SWINE BARN(wet waste conveyance)

A DENDRITIC PROCESS

The growth that can come from Goldsboro’scampaign as an agritech hub will change the course of the city’s triple bottom line.Investments in key community assets begin to build o� one another, making Goldsboro a model for rural vitality, responsible growth and watershed stewardship.

Branching interventions supportsystemic change.

vernal poolvernal pool

100-year floodplain at 102-foot elevation

Big Ditch centerline

roof leaders connectedto stormwater wetland

N

stormwater wetland treatment+ vernal pool storage

BORDEN CO/OP

14 ACRESOF INCUBATORSPACE, MIXED USE, TRAILS + PARK

urban infill redevelopment // combinedwith Goldsboro’s long term municipal plan for growth, a proposal for a modern agritechcooperative to attract a new workforce + serve as a campus for community revival

T E M P

HOUSING

A G R I - T E C H

B S F M A N U F A C T U R I N GS W A R MM A K E RS P A C E

N P O O F F I C EI N C U B A T O R

BIG DITCH TRAIL

BORDEN PARK

BIG DITCH HYDROLOGY

BIG DITCH JUNCTION

166 ACRES OF RIPARIANFLOOPLAINIMPROVEMENT

1800 LINEAR FTOF STREAM +URBAN TRAIL REGENERATION

trails to borden co/op + the agritech/ture lab // citizen science classrooms for studying water quality, resilience + riverine ecosystem // wetland storage conversion in areas with buyout properties

Additional CAFOs within the Neuse watershedapplicable for BSF Waste treatment adoption(includes dairy + poultry operations) (491)

CAFOs in 500yr Floodplain (6)

CAFOs in 100yr Floodplain (23)

Nutrient cycling systems can be applied to many di�erent CAFOs (Con�ned Animal Feeding Operations).

WATERSHED LEVEL ISSUES, MEET AGRITECH/TURE

Upstream adoption means fewer �sh kills + healthier estuaries.

Ammonium from waste solubilizes in rainfall, then oxidizes to produce nitrate, contributing to increased nutrient loads. Source: National Atmospheric Deposition

Program/ National Trends Network (2015)

Ammonium ion wet deposition map, 2015

Goldsboro, NC(Middle Basin)

Goldsboro, NC

Credit: Wilmington Star News

NC Enslaved Population in 1860 & Industrial Swine Operations Re-Permitted in 2015.

Source: Rachel Carson Council

95% of NC hog CAFOs are located in low-income communities of color

10 - 200 - 10

20 - 3040 - 5030 - 40

50+

Swine Operations

Percent Enslaved (1860)

of asthma + wheezing for adolescents who smell livestock odor inside their school buildings

Airborne hog waste toxins positively correlate with heightened stress, gastrointestinal distress, eye irrita-tion, elevated blood pressure, anxiety and depression.

24% higher rates

Study by Steve Wing

= =

POTENTIAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

Sulfate aerosols contributeto rainfall acidi�cation and theproduction of odors.

Source: National Atmospheric Deposition Program/ National Trends Network (2015) Credit: Don Young

Photography

Sulfate ion wet deposition map, 2015

Goldsboro, NC

AGRITECH/TURE:

One idea to drive many.