du transPort, de la logistique et de l’eau 3 afriCan

3rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosyntheticsNP 3rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosynthetics 1

Program3rd african regional Conference on geosynthetics

geosynthetiCsEffEctivE ProtEctioN

for Natural rEsourcEs

rdafriCan regional

ConferenCe ongeosynthetiCs

3

08 - 11 oCtober 2017 marrakeCh - moroCCo

Program

orgaNizErs

royaume du maroC

sous l’égide duministère de l’equiPement,

du transPort, de la logistique et de l’eau

3rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosynthetics2 3rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosynthetics 3

Cher(ère)s congresistes et visiteurs

Le Comité Marocain des Geosynthétiques (CMG) est une jeune structure née en 2013. Depuis sa création, le Comité œuvre, à travers de nombreuses actions et manifestations, à promouvoir l’utilisation des produits géosynthétiques, leur application dans divers ouvrages et l’exploitation de leurs nombreuses fonctions.

Ces dernières années, nous avons pu relever une croissance importante dans la consommation de ces produits et dans leur application, comme en témoignent les ouvrages de soutènement de la rocade méditerranéenne, ou encore le traitement des cavités de l’autoroute El Jadida/Safi. Par ailleurs, les produits géosynthétiques sont de plus en plus utilisés dans le domaine agricole, notamment à travers les bassins de stockage, mais également dans le domaine de l’assainissement, au niveau des décharges par exemple.

Ces applications permettent aux producteurs, aux utilisateurs et aux prescripteurs, d’échanger leurs expériences, et ont contribué d’une manière notable au développement durable au Maroc, en évitant l’utilisation des matériaux traditionnels et par là même, le recours à l’ouverture des carrières et au transport des matériaux sur de longues distances.

Le Comité Marocain des Géosynthétiques (CMG) franchit aujourd’hui une nouvelle étape, en organisant, sous l’égide du Ministère de l’Equipement, du Transport de la Logistique et de l’Eau, et sous les auspices de la Société Internationale des Géosynthétiques (IGS), la 3ème conférence Régionale Africaine sur les Géosynthétiques (GeoAfrica 2017). Ce congrès a une vocation non seulement régionale, africaine, mais aussi internationale, avec la participation effective de 40 pays et plus de 300 intervenants issus du monde entier.

mot du Président

Dr. HoussiNE EjjaaouoaNi

Président du Comité maroCain des Géosynthétiques


rd

afriCan regionalConferenCe ongeosynthetiCs

Organised under the aegis of the Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water, under the auspices of the International Geosynthetics

Society and the Moroccan Geosynthetics Committee, this conference represents an excellent opportunity for engineering and construction professionals working with these emerging materials. The aim of the event is to have a free and open exchange on the growth of the sector in African infrastructure.

Considered to be one of the biggest events of its kind for geosynthetics professionals in Africa, this event is notable for the participation of a large number of professionals, entrepreneurs, industrial business leaders, researchers and students. The participants will discuss many topics including the use of geosynthetics in a range of projects including hydraulic structures, infrastructure projects, reinforced and solidified floors, as well as in the protection of the coast and the environment.

The program for this event includes workshops, exhibitions and conferences led by both Moroccan and foreign experts. They will cover the use of geosynthetics to achieve sustainable development and their role in strengthening infrastructure.

The International Geosynthetics Society is a nonprofit association dedicated to the scientific and technological development of geotextiles, geomembranes and their related products.

The Moroccan Committee for Geosynthetics, created 13th December 2013, works to develop meeting spaces for engineers and technicians, and even investors, to encourage them to exchange their expertise, successes and difficulties in the field of geosynthetics.





sCientifiC Committee

PrEsiDENt: HoussiNE EjjaaouaNi, [email protected] (Morocco)

EgyPt rAmi mAhmoud el-sherbiny, [email protected] bAligh, [email protected]

fraNcE

dAniel PoulAin, [email protected] delmAs, [email protected] VAn schoors, [email protected] fArcAs, [email protected] gisbert, [email protected] VillArd, [email protected] touze, [email protected] tAno, [email protected]

gHaNa

AmPAdu, [email protected], [email protected] Allotey, [email protected] chArles AkAyuli, [email protected]

organizing Committee

PrEsiDENt: HoussiNE EjjaaouaNi, [email protected] (Morocco)

morocco

mustAPhA fAres, [email protected] khAttAri, [email protected] irAki, Chakib [email protected] el hAnid, [email protected] gouri, [email protected] belmAbkhout, [email protected]

fraNcE

nAthAlie touze-foltz, [email protected]

seCretary sCientifiC and organizing Committee

hAsnA metrAne, secretAry, [email protected] (Morocco) / [email protected]

Chairmen

houssine ejjAAouAni, Président of Moroccan Geosynthetics committee, CMGrussell jones, President of International Geosynthetics Society, IGSAli el hAnid, CMG kent P. Von mAubeuge, IGSmohAmmed khArdi ,CMG dAniele cAzzuffi, IGSmohAmed khArdi, CMG sAm Allen, IGShAssAn bertAli, CMG irene inAn, IGSAbdelAziz khAttAri, CMG jAcques cote, IGSAbdelAziz khAttAri, CMG Pietro rimoldi, IGSmustAPhA fAres, Moroccan Geosynthetics committee, CMGchungsik yoo, International Geosynthetics Society, IGSAbdlouAhed gourri, CMG

soutH africa

Peter legg, [email protected] zAnnoni, [email protected]

italy frAncesco fontAnA, [email protected] rimoldi, [email protected]

italy

dAniele cAzzuffi, [email protected] morAci, [email protected]

mozambiquE

sAturnino chembeze, [email protected]

soutH africa

edoArdo zAnnoni, [email protected] legg, [email protected] nortje, [email protected] hoertkorn, [email protected] le roux, [email protected] nyirendA, [email protected] cillers, [email protected] meyer, [email protected] sousA, [email protected] nAidoo, [email protected]

tuNisia

hAjer bAnnour, [email protected]

boyd rAmsey, IGSkhAlid el ghomAri, CMG jorge zornberg, IGSkhAlid el ghomAri, CMG flAVio montez, IGSchAkib irAki, CMGerol gueler, IGStAyeb kAridi, CMG mArtin ziegleri, IGSmohAmmed youssfi, CMG junichi koseki, IGSmohAmmed youssfi, CMG iAn frAserigs, IGSmohAmmed Ait el AAl, CMGchAo xu, IGS




suNDay - DimaNcHE 08 - 10 - 2017

15h00 18h00 WElcomiNg - rEgistratioN DElEgatEs & ExHibitors

18h00 20h00 WElcomiNg - rEcEPtioN

moNDay - luNDi 09 - 10 - 2017

08h00 09h00 WElcomiNg - rEgistratioN DElEgatEs & ExHibitors

09h00 09h30 oPENNiNg sEssioNHoussine ejjaaouani, President of moroCCan GeosynthetiCs Committee, CmGRussell jones, President of international GeosynthetiCs soCiety, iGs

09h30 10h15 Key note : Geosynthetics in transport infrastructures, the positive input of old case histories, PHiliPPe DelMas, CnaM, FRanCe

10h15 11h00 Key note : Geosynthetics and Protection of the Environment : A critical Linkage,Bouazza aBDelMaleK, MonasH univeRsity, austRalia

11h30 12h30

14h00 16h00

room a : tEcHNical commitEE barriErs (tc-b)CHaiRMen : ali el HaniD, CMG - Kent P. von MauBeuGe, iGs

room b : stuDENt aWarD’s sEssioN CHaiRMen : Hassan BeRtali, CMG - iRene inan, iGs

Ten geomembrane performance questions to think aboutian D. PeGGs, i-CoRP inteRnational inC., usa

ReGi

stRa

tion

& eX

HiBi

tion

The effect of reinforcement position on geogrid reinforced clay liners

DaviD MaRX, jones & WaGeneR, soutH aFRiCa

Geomembrane selection criteria : an update for today’s products

BoyD RaMsey, BoyD RaMsey ConsultinG llC, usa

The Use of a Geo-composite for Pavement Construction on Expansive Subgrade - The Case of the Tema Motorway

Roundabout ProjectDenise saMuella BoaDu, ColleGe oF enGineeRinG, Knust-

KuMasi, GHana

Presentation of the new fascicule 10 of the comite francais des geosynthetiques

Paul GuinaRD, soPReMa, FRanCe

Confortment and stiffening of the banks of wadi Ziz by alveolar geosynthetic

FatiHa BelMaBKHout, RieGonoR, MoRoCCo

Responding to a geomembrane liner failureian D. PeGGs, i-CoRP inteRnational inC., usa

room a - tHEmE 1 : ProPErtiEs, PErformaNcE of gEosyNtHEtics

CHaiRMen : MoHaMMeD KHaRDi ,CMG - Daniele CazzuFFi, iGs

room b - tEmE 2 :DumP

CHaiRMen : aBDelaziz KHattaRi, CMG - jaCques Cote, iGs

A Bituminous Geomembrane for leach Pad constructionBeRtRanD BReul aXteR ColetanCHe, FRanCe

ReGi

stRa

tion

& eX

HiBi

tion

Bearing Capacity Failure During Construction of a Geosynthetic Cover System for a Pulp and Paper Mill

Sludge LandfillKWasi BaDu-tWeneBoaH, GeosynteC Consultants, Inc., usa

Typical Drainage Products Temperature and Flow condition effects on Hydraulic Transmissivity

CHiWan HsieH, national PinGtunG univeRsity oF sCienCe & teCHnoloGy, taiWan

Developing a waterproofing geocomposite for railway platforms in evolving materials areaDiDieR BenaMu, PieRRe GenDRin, aFiteX

Water saving supply method by using synthetic fiber string for desert greening

KiyosHi oMine, naGasaKi univeRsity, jaPan

Geosynthetic Barriers for Environmentally Sensitive Applications in Morocco

WilMa HaHn, sKz - testinG GMBH, GeRMany

Regulations and Recommendations Describing the Use of Geosynthetic Barriers - A Brief Summary of Regulated

ApplicationsKent P. von MauBeuGe, naue GMBH & Co. KG, GeRMany

Polymer Enhanced Geosynthetic Clay Liners for High pH Mining Applications

MiCHael Donovan, CetCo, usa (to ConFiRM)

Environmental awareness and design of Drainage Geocomposites solutions in environmental works

RiCaRDo sanCHez PeRez, inteRMas nets, sPain

The use of Bentonite Geosynthetics with Geofilm in an Aerated Lagoon Plant Municipality of Bir Aarch, Wilaya of

Sétif in AlgeriaMessaouD zeRMani, HaDBi HaMiD, aFiteX, alGeRia

11h00 11h30 : Coffee break- openning eXhibition

12h30 14h00 : lunch break

October

08

October

09

igs aWards Ceremony


CHaiRMen


Program3rd african regional Conference on geosyntheticsProgram3rd african regional Conference on geosynthetics

room a - tHEmE 1 : ProPErtiEs, PErformaNcE of gEosyNtHEtics

CHaiRMen : MoHaMMeD KHaRDi ,CMG - Daniele CazzuFFi, iGs

room b - tEmE 2 :DumP

CHaiRMen : aBDelaziz KHattaRi, CMG - jaCques Cote, iGsThe performance of a lined MSE-contained reservoir in

aggressive corrosive and elevated temperature conditionsanDReW CaMPBell steWaRt sMitH, ReinFoRCeD eaRtH Ltd, soutH

aFRiCa

ReGi

stRa

tion

& eX

HiBi

tion Réhabilitation of a Pulp Waste Dump in Swaziland -

Geosynthetic solutionjoHann le RouX, GiGsa, soutH aFRiCa

Application of Geotextile Tube on Offshore Submerged Breakwater and Its Carbon Reduction Benefit - A Case

Study of Taichung Harbor Breakwater Foundation Protection Project

CHe-Hsuan CHu, aCe GeosyntHetiCs Inc., taiWan

Waterproofing with Geosynthetics of Salt and Water Residues Basins of Water Demineralization Plant Project –

In Salah (South Algeria)MessaouD zeRMani, CHeRiFi FaRiD, aFiteX, alGeRia

16h00 16h30 : Coffee break - eXhibition

16h30 18h15

room a - tHEmE 1 :ProPErtiEs, PErformaNcE of gEosyNtHEtics (suitE 1)

CHaiRMen : MoHaMeD KHaRDi, CMG - saM allen, iGs

room b - tHEmE 3 :usE iN HyDraulic structurEs

CHaiRMen : aBDelaziz KHattaRi, CMG - PietRo RiMolDi, iGs

Effect of Fiber on Strength of Cement Treated Silty SandayFeR eRKen. Civil enGineeRinG FaCulty, istanBul teCHniCal

univeRsity, tuRKey

Performance through the time and durability of HDPE geomembranes installed in reservoirs

Manuel BlanC, MiGuel ReDon santaFe, univeRsitat PoliteCniCa De valenCia, sPain

Towards standardized procedures to promote the development of geosynthetics for the treatment of TSS in

storm waters from construction sitesHeili véRonique, CeReMa est, FRanCe

ReGi

stRa

tion

& eX

HiBi

tion

Field monitoring Mobilized Tensile Force of Geotextile Tubes exiting the Barge

enG zi Xun, national univeRsity oF sinGaPoRe, sinGaPoRe

Effect of antioxidants and uv-stabilisers in the resistance of polypropylene geotextiles against oxidation : the case

of chimassorb 944MaRia De luRDes loPes, univeRsity oF PoRto - FaCulty oF

enGineeRinG, PoRtuGal

The use of geomembrane systems for dams and hydraulic structures in different countries of Africa

Daniele CazzuFFi, Cesi sPa, italy

Specifications, Certifications and Standards on Geomembranes

HelMut zanzinGeR, sKz - testinG GMBH, GeRMany

Dipole leak location survey on woodchip : unusual but possible

CaRl CHaRPentieR, GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa

Hydraulic Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLS) Compared with Compacted Clay Liners (CCLS) in Landfill

Lining Systems Kent P. von MauBeuGe, naue GMBH & Co. KG, GeRMany

Performance throughout 30 years of the PVC-P geomembrane installed in ‘la florida’ reservoir

MaRia CResPo MuCientes, Renolit iBeRiCa s.a., sPain

Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mat Advancements in Hydraulic and Infrastructural Remediation Applications

siMon lesteR, ConCRete Canvas ltD, uniteD KinGDoM

Desludging Wastewater Ponds using Geotextile Dewatering Bags

joHnson joHnny onaPito oRioKot, FiBeRteX, soutH aFRiCa

BIM and GeosyntheticsniCola BRusa, MaCCaFeRRi uK ltD, uniteD KinGDoM

Use of bituminous geomembrane in hydraulic construction

BeRtRanD BReul, aXteR ColetanCHe, FRanCe

Indirect methods to the estimation of bentonite durability

BoRoDine olivieR, DiP teCHnoloGies, FRanCe

Is electrical leak location helping us getting better with geomembranes ?

CaRl CHaRPentieR, GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa

Wind uplift of geomembranesDaniel FayouX. aPPliGeo, FRanCe

Performance of Pilot Test of Geotextile Tube filled with Lightly Cement-Mixed-Soil

enG zi Xun, national univeRsity oF sinGaPoRe, sinGaPoRe

tuEsDay - marDi 10 - 10 - 2017

08h30 09h15 Key note : Water canals and geosynthetics, j.P GiRouD eXPeRt Consultant, FRanCe 09h15 10h00 Key note : Lining of reservoirs with synthetic geomembranes, Manuel BlanCo

FeRnánDez, laBoRatoRio CentRal De estRuCtuRas y MateRials, sPain

MustaPHa FaRes, moroCCan GeosynthetiCs Committee, CmGCHunGsiK yoo, international GeosynthetiCs soCiety, iGs


October

10

CHaiRMen



14h00 16h00

room a - tHEmE 5 : traNsPortatioN iNfrastructurE

CHaiRMen : KHaliD el GHoMaRi, CMG - joRGe zoRnBeRG, iGsroom b-tHEmE 4 : rEiNforcED Walls (suitE 1)

CHaiRMen : MoHaMMeD youssFi, CMG - juniCHi KoseKi, iGsGeosynthetics Application In Transport Geoecoprotective

StructuresanDRei PetRiaev, eMPeRoR aleXanDeR i st. PeteRsBuRG state

tRansPoRt univeRsity, Russia

ReGi

stRa

tion

& eX

HiBi

tion

Field Behaviour of a Full Scale Instrumented MSE Wall with Geostrip Soil Reinforcement

jayaKRisHnan P.v., MaCCaFeRRi MiDDle east llC, uae

Functionality and effectiveness of polyester asphalt reinforcement grids and their requirements for

construction sites based on project examples in AfricalauRent saKou i, HuesKeR syntHetiC GMBH, GeRMany

Influence of the backfill compaction on the seismic resistance of square-shaped geocell

reinforced soil retaining walls embedded in sandy and gravelly backfill materials

CHRistian HaussneR, oRiental Consultants GloBal, jaPan

Developing a waterproofing geocomposite for railway platforms in evolving materials area

DiDieR BenaMu, aFiteX, FRanCe

Some case studies of geosynthetic solutions dealing with landslides and unstable slopes in north AlgeriaRoMain DuRanD, aRaB RaBaH, HuesKeR, FRanCe

Sub-base stabilisation of roads and outdoor sport accommodations by cellular confinement

CHRist van GuRP, KiWa KoaC, netHeRlanDs (to ConFiRM)

Étude et confortement d’un glissement de terrainConception et dimensionnement

HaKiM BouMezoueD, BeGeteCH, alGeRia

Overview on variability of geosynthetic applications used in infrastructure projects in Poland

jaCeK KaWaleC, tensaR inteRnational, PolanD

Anchorage design for reinforcement geosynthetics on the crest of watertight slope

alain HeRault, loW & BonaR, FRanCe

Traitement des Zones Pélitiques sur le tracé du LGV par un géocomposite étanche

P. BRoCHieR, j.l. MiCHauX, teRaGeos, FRanCe

C. el iRaKi. valteCH, MoRoCo

Probabilistic analysis of reinorced slopeKHaoula BouDiaF, univeRsity oF BisKRa, alGeRia

Effect of geosynthetic on the performance of the embankment crossing locally weak zones

BeRRaBaH FouaD, BisKRa univeRsity, alGeRia (to ConFiRM)

Underwater installation of erosion control systems for waterfront and coastal structures

oMaR naCiRi, BBG BauBeRatunG GeoKunststoFFe, GeRMany

Basal reinforcement with geogrids over soft soils - kinkala-mindouli road case history (congo)

PietRo Pezzano, oFFiCine MaCCaFeRRi s.P.a., italy

Protection Geotextiles for Geomembranes in Landfill Applications

Kent P. von MauBeuGe, naue GMBH & Co. KG, GeRMany

12h30 14h00 : lunch break

10h30 12h30

room a - tHEmE 1 :ProPErtiEs, PErformaNcE of gEosyNtHEtics (suitE 2)

CHaiRMen : aBDlouaHeD GouRRi, CMG - BoyD RaMsey, iGs

room b-tHEmE 4 :rEiNforcED Walls

CHaiRMen : tayeB KaRiDi, CMG - MaRtin zieGleRi, iGsLong term properties of thermobonded polyester

geogridsPietRo Pezzano, oFFiCine MaCCaFeRRi s.P.a., italy

ReGi

stRa

tion

& eX

HiBi

tion

Reinforced earth-high-rise abutment wall with geosynthetic strips

eRiC luCas, teRRe aRMee, FRanCe

How do certification schemes of geosynthetics make expected benefits of the use of geosynthetics more

reliableleBon PieRRe, asqual, FRanCe

Design Approaches of Geosynthetics Reinforced Soil Walls with Complex Geometries

CHunGsiK yoo, sunGKyunKWan univeRsity, KoRea

Design of a Thermal/Temperature Monitoring System for HDPE Geomembrane, Liner of a Mine Waste Storage

Facility in South AfricaRussel jones, Bo zHanG, GolDeR assoCiates, ltD, uniteD

KiGnDoM

Analysis of vertical facing panel-joint gap in reinforced soil walls

ivan PuiG DaMians, vsl inteRnational ltD., sPain

Consequence of different alkaline pHs on the behaviour of polyester geotextile

laetitia van sCHooRs, iFsttaR, FRanCe

Selection Considerations Between Geosynthetic and Steel Reinforced MSE Walls

joHn sanKey, tHe ReinFoRCeD eaRtH CoMPany, usa

Bituminous geomembrane in mine constructionBeRtRanD BReul aXteR ColetanCHe, FRanCe

Reuse of Ribbon Archs as Reinforcement Element in Retaining Walls with Face Made by Concret Blocs

RoBeRto PiMentel, univeRsity oF BRasilia, BRazil

Geomembrane stress cracking resistance depending on the polymer used

j.M. Muñoz GóMez, sotRaFa, sPain

Construction of The mediterranean coast road with geogrid-reinforced retaining structures

oMaR naCiRi, BBG BauBeRatunG GeoKunststoFFe, GeRMany

The characteristics of geosynthetics in accordance with their application

BouCHRa BenzaKouR, lPee, MoRoCCo

Construction of a modular block retaining wall for the northern interchange in Ouagadougou

alain nanCey, tenCate GeosyntHetiCs, FRanCe

3rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosynthetics8 3rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosynthetics 93rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosynthetics8 3rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosynthetics 9

Program3rd african regional Conference on geosyntheticsProgram3rd african regional Conference on geosynthetics

16h30 18h15

room a - tHEmE 5 :traNsPortatioN iNfrastructurE (suitE 1)

CHaiRMen : KHaliD el GHoMaRi, CMG - Flavio Montez, iGs

room b - tEcHNical committEE oN HyDraulic aPPlicatioN (tc-H)

CHaiRMen : MoHaMMeD youssFi, CMG - ian FRaseRiGs, iGsConstruction de la nationale Kigali-Gatuna-

Franchissement des maraislauRent saKou, HuesKeR syntHetiC GMBH, GeRMany

ReGi

stRa

tion

& eX

HiBi

tion

Geosynthetics for Canal and River Bank Erosion ControlCHiWan HsieH, national PinGtunG univeRsity oF sCienCe &

teCHnoloGy, taiWan M. H. HeiBau

Comparaison entre geotextilles et geogrilles utilises pour le renforcement des chaussées souples

BouaCHa naDjet, univeRsity oF souK aHRas, alGeRia

The choice of geosynthetics for applications in dam engineering

PietRo RiMolDi, Consultant, italy & FRanCesCo Fontana, ManiFattuRa Fontana, italy

Performance evaluation of geogrid stabilized base coursesvollMeRt laRs, BBG BauBeRatunG GeoKunststoFFe GMBH & Co.

KG, GeRMany

The choice of geosynthetics for hydraulic applications in roadway systems

joRGe zoRnBeRG, univeRsity oF teXas at austin, usa

Design method for temporary working platform using geosynthetics

niCola BRusa, MaCCaFeRRi uK ltD, uniteD KinGDoM

The choice of geosynthetics for applications in coastal engineering

PietRo RiMolDi, oFFiCine MaCCaFeRRi sPa, italy eDoaRDo zannoni, MaCCaFeRRi aFRiCa, soutH aFRiCa

Optimum Shape and Dimensions of GCE Confining Dune Sand in Road Layer

MustaPHa KeBaili, univeRsity oF ouaRGla, alGeRia

The choice of geosynthetics for horizontal and vertical drainage

saM allen, tRi enviRonMental, inC., usa


08h30 10h30

room a - tHEmE 5 : traNsPortatioN iNfrastructurE (suitE 2)CHaiRMen : CHaKiB iRaKi, CMG - eRol GueleR, iGs

room b - tHEmE 6 : rEiNforcEmENt of suPErficial fouNDatioNs

CHaiRMen : MoHaMMeD ait el aal, CMG - CHao Xu, iGsDrainage by Vertical Geosynthetic Drains of the Project of

Aerodrome of Algiers MessaouD zeRMani, KHeliFi MosseDeK, aFiteX, alGeRia

ReGi

stRa

tion

& eX

HiBi

tion

Geotextile encased columns for solving difficult geotechnical problems

PietRo RiMolDi, Consultant, italy

Resistance of geosynthetics against mechanical damage under repeated loading in different soils

MaRia De luRDes loPes, univeRsity oF PoRto - FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, PoRtuGal

Investigation of Bearing Capacity Behavior of Geogrid Reinforced Retaining Walls

MaRtin zieGleR, RWtH aaCHen univeRsity, GeRMany

Technical Risk Management Linked to Underground Cavities : Gypsum Dissolution Phenomenon and

Geotextile Reinforcement zaGHouani KaMel, teRRasol, tunisia

A tale of two bridges : comparison between the seismic performance of flexible and rigid bridge abutments

joRGe zoRnBeRG, joRGe zoRnBeR, univeRsity oF teXas at austin, usa

Evaluation of pavement with geogrid stabilized unbound aggregate base within initial phase of trafficking

jaCeK KaWaleC, tensaR inteRnational, PolanD

Laboratory Model Tests on Shallow Footings Resting on Geosynthetic Reinforced Replacement Soil Overlying

Loose SandRaMi el-sHeRBiny., FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, CaiRo univeRsity,

eGyPt

The use of geosystems in coastline protection in AlgeriaeDWin zenGeRinK, tenCate GeosyntHetiCs, netHeRlanDs

Sand Reinforcement Effect InvestigationGennaDii BolDyRev, univeRsity oF aRCHiteCtuRe anD

ConstRaCtions, Russia

The use of abroad standards in South Africa soil reinforcement applications

eDoaRDo zannoni, MaCCaFeRRi aFRiCa, soutH aFRiCa

Effects of Geosynthetic Liner on Seismic performance of low-rise building : experimental study

Parametric Study on Seismic Performance of Low and Mid-Rise Buildings on Geogrid Reinforced Sand

ayşe eDinçlileR, Boğaziçi univeRsity, tuRKey

19h15 : gala dinner


11h00 12h00 : Closing geoafriCa2017

lunch break

WEDNEsDay - mErcrEDi 11 - 10 - 2017 October

11


abstraCt3rd african regional Conference on geosynthetics



moNDay - luNDi 09 - 10 - 2017

key note : geosynthetics in transport infrastructures, the positive input of old case historiesPH. DelMas. ePn1-C GeoteCHniCs, CnaM, FRanCe

j.P. GouRC. univeRsity GRenoBle alPes, FRanCe.

abstract : Around the world, geosynthetics are used in a large range of transport infrastructures. Many laboratory researches were carried out on the evolution of geosynthetics performance versus elapsed time, but it stays always difficult to simulate the combination of solicitations as existing in the field. Consequently, it’s interesting to come back and look at the behaviour of earth structures more than 25 years old. Based on the corresponding observations it is interesting to submit these old infra-structures works, still in use, to the updated normalised, or at least current, design approaches. The selected earthworks described in the present paper are intentionally selected within the transport infrastructure applications, seeing that geosynthetics are also encountered in a larger range of civil engineering and environmental applications. This gives the opportunity to present a state of the art of design approaches of geosynthetics in a large range of transport infrastructures applications.

key note : geosynthetics and Protection of the environment : a critical linkageBouazza aBDelMaleK, MonasH univeRsity, austRalia

abstract : Over the past three decades geosynthetics have become one of the dominant construction materials in modern municipal solid waste landfills and consequently have gained widespread acceptance for use as contaminant barriers. As our knowledge of the issues related to their use has advanced, their use has also extended into harsh or severe environmental conditions. However, their application under these specific conditions generally pushes their performance beyond recommended limits typical for other environmental and engineering applications. Thus transferring technology from applications common to landfills to applications where severe extreme conditions (very high/low temperatures and stresses and extreme range in leachate chemistries) may be encountered is not a simple matter. Although geosynthetics can provide new solutions, at the same time they can pose new challenges. The lecture will describe the latest findings with respect to the performance of barrier systems under severe environmental conditions and will explore the practical implications of these findings.

morNiNg

igs aWards Ceremony

tEN gEomEmbraNE PErformaNcE quEstioNs to tHiNk about

ian D. PeGGs, i-CoRP inteRnational inC., usa

abstract : Geomembrane performance technology has improved significantly over the past 40 years but there are still a number of conflicting and inappropriate practices. Ten questions are presented to initiate discussion on why we do what we do and should we do it differently in order to get more durable lining systems.

gEomEmbraNE sElEctioN critEria : aN uPDatE for toDay’s ProDucts

BoyD RaMsey, BoyD RaMsey ConsultinG llC, usa

abstract : Geomembrane selection has been examined by several authors and researchers, not the least of which is a section in “Designing with Geosynthetics” by Robert Koerner, the definitive and seminal textbook for the geosynthetic industry. However recent developments in materials, new applications and standards for materials, and in some cases new regulations, have added an additional level of complexity to this process that is not comprehensively addressed in the literature. Barrier products can no longer be divided simply into those that “leak” and those that try not to and zero leakage is a part of the ongoing discussions. Degrees of acceptable leakage have been and continue to develop and the relationship between economics and cost, balanced with potential environmental effects and the lifespan and duration of the installation are all real considerations today. While it is possible to design, build construct and even continuously monitor all sites for leakage, it is not economically feasible nor is it occurring in the real world today. New materials, Action Leak Rates and some “permitted” leakage, temperature considerations, materials that are designed to be utilized for a few years rather than “as long as possible” as well as the expansion of the market and applications for barrier materials require a new dynamic with additional facets added to the selection process and decisions. Applications such as aquaculture, oil and gas exploration and drilling, commercial and industrial packaging and containment and water storage and transfer should be affected.

PrEsENtatioN of tHE NEW fasciculE 10 of tHE comitE fraNcais DEs gEosyNtHEtiquEs

Paul GuinaRD, soPReMa, FRanCe

abstract : On request of the Comité Français des Géosynthiques (French Geosynthetic Society), a working group has revised the Fascicule 10 “General recommendations for waterproofing by geomembranes”. The target of the update of the 1991’s document was to create a more practical guide which respond to sites reality and integrate norm’s evolutions for all projects of hydraulics, containment projects (waste dump excluded) and road and railways platforms. From 2011 to 2016, the working group composed by 20 active members rewrote completely the document with integration of many changes :

• Conception : introduction of impact classes, necessity of a geotextile as protection under the geomembrane, presentation of certifications, and definition of minimum values for mechanical characteristics;

• installation : recommendations for substrate and drainage preparation, for geomembrane installation, welding and connections to works / other layers;

• Controls, insurances, litigations : propositions on controls plan, presentation on all stakeholders and roles of each one, new part on insurances and litigations.

room a : tEcHNical commitEE barriErs (tc-b)




responding to a geomembrane liner failureian D. PeGGs, i-CoRP inteRnational inC., usa

abstract : Exposed geomembrane liners sometimes fail in spectacular ways by the formation of large bubbles (whales) rising above the surface of the water and by rapid crack propagation (RCP) “shattering” in cold environments. Such failures require investigation both to ensure that remediation will be effective and to determine the responsible parties should litigation ensue. Damaged liner is often removed and whales are burst to make them collapse. Unfortunately, when the geosynthetic experts are called in, it is far more difficult, if not impossible to find the initiating failure location and hence the cause. The geosynthetics expert should be called in before anything is moved. Even if a shattered liner is a series of slivers and shards, when left in place it is not difficult to see the crack-initiating site(s) and then in the lab to determine why it initiated there and how it propagated.

tHE EffEct of rEiNforcEmENt PositioN oN gEogriD rEiNforcED clay liNErs

D.H. MaRX. jones & WaGeneR enGineeRinG & enviRonMental Consultants (FoRMeRly univeRsity oF PRetoRia), soutH aFRiCa. s.W. jaCoBsz. DePaRtMent oF Civil enGineeRinG, univeRsity oF PRetoRia, soutH aFRiCa.

abstract : Differential settlement and local voids below landfill liners can result in the liners distorting and cracking. By using geogrids as reinforcement the effect of the voids, or differential settlement can be mitigated. The geogrid both increases the stiffness of the system - reducing its distortion - and decreases the tensile stress at the crack tips –stunting crack growth. Reinforced clay liners subject to differential settlement were modelled in a geotechnical centrifuge. Top-, bottom- and unreinforced liners were modelled to investigate the effect of reinforcement position on the response of the liners while settling. It was found that the severity of the cracks and tensile and compressive strain concentrations were reduced when the reinforcement was placed in the top of the liner, compared to bottom reinforced and unreinforced liners.

tHE usE of a gEo-comPositE for PavEmENt coNstructioN oN ExPaNsivE subgraDE - tHE casE of tHE tEma motorWay rouNDabout ProjEct

D.s. BoaDu, ColleGe oF enGineeRinG, Knust-KuMasi, GHana.s.i.K. aMPaDu, ColleGe oF enGineeRinG, Knust-KuMasi, GHana.K. BeMPonG, assoCiateD Consultants liMiteD. P. a. BeKoe, DePaRtMent oF FeeDeR RoaDs, MRH.

abstract : To help ease traffic congestion at a 5-leg intersection roundabout in the city of Tema, a reconstruction of an approach road was designed among other measures. Analysis of geotechnical data indicated the existence of an expansive subgrade. To mitigate the effects of the volumetric changes that result from the expansive behavior of the subgrade, a geo-composite consisting of a polymer-coated polyethylene geogrid sandwiched between two layers of a mechanically stabilized polypropylene geotextile was designed. The geo-composite was placed on a bed of sand on top of the expansive subgrade with the bottom geotextile serving as a filter layer and the geogrid served as a tensile member, providing strength against the strains generated from the expansive layer. Sections of the road were successfully constructed with the geo-composite. However other sections of the road failed during construction after proof rolling. This paper discusses the construction process for the geosynthetic reinforced subgrade.

room b : stuDENt aWarD’s sEssioN

coNfortmENt aND stiffENiNg of tHE baNks of WaDi ziz by alvEolar gEosyNtHEtic

FatiHa BelMaBKHout, RieGonoR, MoRoCCo

abstract : This article presents the scenario of the work of stiffening of the banks of Wadi Ziz by geosynthetic alveolar in order to protect the agricultural lands and the infrastructures of irrigation against the damage of floods in the region of Tafilalet

moNDay - luNDi 09 - 10 - 2017 aftErNooN

room a - tHEmE 1 :ProPErtiEs, PErformaNcE of gEosyNtHEtics

a bitumiNous gEomEmbraNE for HEaP lEacH PaD coNstructioN

BeRtRanD BReul, Civil enGineeRinG ResPonsiBle, FRanCe. BeRnaRD BReul, Civil enGineeR, BGM eXPeRt, FRanCe.joan lazaRo, aFRiCa ManaGeR, sPain.

abstract : This paper will describe the original structure of a bituminous geomembrane, usually referred to as BGM. A BGM is a geomembrane manufactured by impregnating a polyester geotextile and a fiberglass layer with an elastomeric bitumen compound. The geotextile provides the mechanical resistance and especially the high puncture resistance (thus eliminating the need to use outside geotextiles for protection) and permits the traffic of equipment during construction or maintenance. The fiberglass layer confers dimensional stability in any temperature. The bitumen provides the waterproofing properties of the geomembrane and ensures its longevity by protecting the geotextile fibers over the long run. The high friction angle of bitumen provides better adherence to the heap material than any other type of geomembrane.We will provide examples of applications in mining where BGM was preferred in lieu of a more traditional type of geomembrane. Among these we will describe the heap leach pads at a uranium mine in France (the oldest reference), the test areas run by the University of British Columbia at the Antamina copper mine in Peru, the Barahona acid spoil reservoir at Codelco’s Teniente mine in Chile, at the Rudolf silver mine in Mexico and at the Efemcukuru gold mine in Turkey. We will highlight the advantages (high puncture resistance, low Manning coefficient, ease of installation under local manufacturer monitoring) that lead to the choice of BGM for the projects. For each of the above examples we will describe the current condition of the BGM and the time elapsed since it was installed.Finally, we will highlight the economic benefits to the customer when selecting BGM vis-à-vis other type of geomembranes and will explain the ease of repair by the project owner (under monitoring of the local manufacturer representative) in the event of accidental damage to the BGM.

tyPical DraiNagE ProDucts tEmPEraturE aND floW coNDitioN EffEcts oN HyDraulic traNsmissivity

C.W. HsieH, j.R. lai anD W.s. sHyu. DePaRtMent oF Civil enGineeRinG, national PinGtunG univeRsity oF sCienCe & teCHnoloGy, taiWan.

abstract : The transmissivity flow rate tests were studies for 3 typical geosynthetic drainage products and calibration blocks at 4 different thicknesses and 20oC, 23oC, 27oC, and 30oC test temperatures. The test results indicated that the flow rates (qw) were greater than 0.3 liter/m-s and in the non-laminar flow condition. In general, the flow rates linearly increased as the test temperature increased. In addition, the flow rates non-linearly increased as the test hydraulic gradient increased for the test conditions. Since the tap water temperature for semi-tropical or tropical regions is



generally higher than 23oC or 22oC, this study showed test flow rates were in non-laminar low conditions. A modified temperature and hydraulic gradient correction factor (RTi) for transmissivity test under non-laminar flow condition was formulized based upon the test results. The revised correction factors were much less than those specified by ASTM and ISO test methods.

WatEr saviNg suPPly mEtHoD by usiNg syNtHEtic fibEr striNg for DEsErt grEENiNg

K. oMine. GRaDuate sCHool oF enGineeRinG, naGasaKi univeRsity, jaPan. s. suGiMoto. GRaDuate sCHool oF enGineeRinG, naGasaKi univeRsity, jaPan.

abstract : Desertification is one of the remarkable global environmental problems caused by climate change, over fishing, overgrazing and so forth. Land-degradation is important issue to be solved from the standpoint of geo-environmental engineering. In this study, water saving supply method by using synthetic fiber string is proposed for desert greening.The influences of kinds of synthetic fiber string and water head on water supply speed are investigated based on thelaboratory test. It is clear that nylon fiber is suitable for water saving supply. The validity of this method was confirmed by sandy ground.

rEgulatioNs aND rEcommENDatioNs DEscribiNg tHE usE of gEosyNtHEtic barriErs - a briEf summary of rEgulatED aPPlicatioNs

K.P. von MauBeuGe. naue GMBH & Co. KG, GeRMany.

abstract : Over the past 40 years, the advantages in utilizing geosynthetic barriers versus traditional barrier materials have been well documented : greater project economy, extended service lives, enhanced environmental protection, greater site safety, etc. Achievements such as conserving water resources and enabling beneficial site reuse (e.g., remediation) have even given geosynthetic engineering a level of social importance. As such, the use of geosynthetic barriers has increasingly been required. This is especially true in modern waste management cell design, a barrier application that has been so successful it has influenced the design and specification of geosynthetics into mining, water and wastewater, and industrial applications. However, there are regions and applications in which the use of these barrier technologies should be more widely adopted. This paper highlights an overview of applications where geosynthetic barriers are used and where regulation or recommendations are available.

ENviroNmENtal aWarENEss aND DEsigN of DraiNagE gEocomPositEs solutioNs iN ENviroNmENtal Works

R. sánCHez – inteRMas GeosyntHetiCs, sPain.

abstract : Geosynthetic solutions have become a very important part of all current environment and civil work engineering projects. More particularly, together with geomembranes, drainage geocomposites help to engineer more secure and efficient technical solutions. Traditionally, drainage and waterproofing were designed with natural products such as gravel and clay. Nowadays, these natural solutions are being replaced by more efficient and environmentally friendly geosynthetic solutions. The substitution of gravels by drainage geocomposites offers not only economic advantages but also environmental benefits. For this reason, it is very important to help the main actors of environment and landfill projects understand that economic and environmentally-friendly solutions exist. These solutions can be designed and engineered more precisely and safer

than natural product conventional solutions. This will be presented with the required justifications in this paper.

tHE PErformaNcE of a liNED msE-coNtaiNED rEsErvoir iN aggrEssivE corrosivE aND ElEvatED tEmPEraturE coNDitioNs

a C s sMitH, ReinFoRCeD eaRtH (Pty) ltD, soutH aFRiCa.H j l MaRitz, ReinFoRCeD eaRtH (Pty) ltD, soutH aFRiCa.M BosMan, taRGet PRojeCts, naMiBia.

abstract : Mechanically stabilize d earth (MSE) walls were used to construct vertical sidewalls for two reservoirs used to store desalinated seawater in west central Namibia. The sidewalls and floors of the containment area were covered with an impermeable geosynthetic liner. The reservoirs, constructed in 2009, were situated in a corrosive desert environment. Recent inspection of the reservoirs was conducted in 2016. This paper reviews the design of the reservoirs and their performance after 7 years of service. The conclusion reached is that the reservoirs are durable and easily maintained. They have merit in terms of speed and ease of construction, which also applies to their efficient demolition at the end of service life. Lined MSE walls provide economical and stable containment for open reservoirs, where evaporation of water is of concern in medium and large size reservoirs.

aPPlicatioN of gEotExtilE tubE oN offsHorE submErgED brEakWatEr aND its carboN rEDuctioN bENEfit - a casE stuDy of taicHuNg Harbor brEakWatEr fouNDatioN ProtEctioN ProjEct

C.H. CHu. aCe GeosyntHetiCs inC., taiWan, R.o.C. y.s. CHen. taiCHunG PRoFessional Civil enGineeRs assoCiation, taiWan, R.o.C. M.W. CHanG. aCe GeosyntHetiCs inC., taiWan, R.o.C.

abstract : This paper presents a case study to use geotextile tube successfully eliminate the foundation instability of a submerged breakwater in Taichung Harbor, Taiwan. The foundation of the breakwater had been eroding for years and the harbor channel also had siltation problem. Considering the requirements of sustainability for environment and ecology, budget, engineering performance and safety, geotextile tube was adopted. It directly acquired local soils for construction without the hassles of transport fill materials in and out of the site. It also demonstrated the advantages of faster construction, lower carbon consumption, lesser environmental impact, and lower cost. Geotextile tubes presented herein can be used as a valuable alternative solution in considering energy saving and carbon reduction for coastal engineering constructions.

EffEct of fibEr oN strENgtH of cEmENt trEatED silty saND

a. eRKen. Civil enGineeRinG FaCulty, istanBul teCHniCal univeRsity, tuRKey. H.F. aRDaBili. Civil enGineeRinG FaCulty, istanBul teCHniCal univeRsity, tuRKey.

abstract : Recently, cement-fiber reinforcement for soil improvement has become a focus of interest. The scope of this study is to evaluate the impact of fiber reinforcement on cemented specimen. Unconfined compression test, unconsolidated undrained triaxial test and flexural tensile test were conducted on clayey sand stabilized with cement and fiber. Cement addition to a specimen increases peak stress but it makes the specimen brittle. However, fiber insertion in an artificially cemented specimen alters brittle specimen behavior to a more ductile behavior. The test results indicated that the inclusion of fiber reinforcement within cemented soil caused an increase in both peak stress and residual stress. Furthermore, test results present fiber incorporation increases the residual stress, decrease the



stiffness with the loss of post-peak stress. In addition, the size effect of specimens reinforced with cement and fiber was evaluated on peak stress and residual stress.

toWarDs staNDarDizED ProcEDurEs to PromotE tHE DEvEloPmENt of gEosyNtHEtics for tHE trEatmENt of tss iN storm WatErs from coNstructioN sitEs

C. FRanCK-neel, CeReMa Ce, CleRMont-FeRRanD laBoRatoRy, FRanCe.v. Heili, CeReMa est, nanCy laBoRatoRy.D. BaCHelleRie, CeReMa Ce, CleRMont-FeRRanD laBoRatoRy, FRanCe.M. GiGleuX, CeReMa est, Metz unity.

abstract : During public works, the construction companies must prevent any degradation of the aquatic ecosystems. The critical review of the current practices in France highlights the construction companies have mainly focused on the outlet points of the construction site areas. This strategy is shown to be insufficient in most contexts. This lead to the evolution of recommended Best Management Practices (BMP) expressed in terms of multi-barriers procedure. According to this new paradigm, geosynthetic products can be used at several different strategic locations over the construction site areas. The evolving French context have important implications for the developments of geosynthetic products. Experiences from North America allow to point out the remaining challenge: define standardized procedures to assess the quality of the geosynthetic products devoted the treatment of Total Suspended Sediments (TSS) in storm waters from construction sites.

EffEct of aNtioxiDaNts aND uv-stabilisErs iN tHE rEsistaNcE of PolyProPylENE gEotExtilEs agaiNst oxiDatioN: tHE casE of cHimassorb 944j.R. CaRneiRo. ConstRuCt-Geo, FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, univeRsity oF PoRto, PoRtuGal. P.j. alMeiDa. RequiMte, FaCulty oF sCienCes, univeRsity oF PoRto, PoRtuGal. M.l. loPes. ConstRuCt-Geo, FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, univeRsity oF PoRto, PoRtuGal.

abstract : Oxidation (either induced by heat or by UV radiation) is one of the main causes for the premature failure of many polymeric materials, including geosynthetics. Some chemical additives (such as antioxidants or UV stabilisers) have a key role in increasing the resistance of polymeric materials against oxidation. This paper describes the oxidation process and presents the main types of chemical additives used to protect polymeric materials against oxidation. As example, three nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles stabilised with different known amounts of a UV stabiliser were exposed to thermo-oxidation (oven-ageing tests) and to photo-oxidation (laboratory exposure to UV radiation). The damage occurred in the geotextiles was evaluated by tensile tests and by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the amount of the UV stabiliser present in the geotextiles exposed to photo-oxidation was monitored by liquid chromatography with UV and mass detection.

sPEcificatioNs, cErtificatioNs aND staNDarDs oN gEomEmbraNEs

H. zanzinGeR. sKz – testinG GMBH, WüRzBuRG, GeRMany.

abstract : Certain specifications on geomembranes are rather prominent in different regions. In America e.g. the GRI specification GM13 on PE-HD geomembranes is widely accepted in the geomembrane industry providing minimum material requirements. In Europe geomembranes are CE-marked on the basis of harmonized European Norms. Certain countries use additional certifications, e.g. ASQUAL-

certification in France, BAM-approval and DIBt-approval in Germany for the use of a PE-HD geomembranes in landfills respectively for the use of geomembranes in containment applications for chemicals. These specifications, certifications, standards and approvals describe requirements on the materials. Comparisons of different requirements in different countries are shown for tests on the verification of suitability, for the testing within the factory production control and for a manufacturing quality assurance. Identification tests, mechanical, physical and hydraulic properties, analytical tests and durability tests are discussed. Proposals are given for the development of National standards on geomembranes in environmentally critical applications in Africa.

HyDraulic PErformaNcE of gEosyNtHEtic clay liNErs (gcls) comParED WitH comPactED clay liNErs (ccls) iN laNDfill liNiNg systEms K.P. von MauBeuGe. naue GMBH & Co. KG, GeRMany. a. MuelleR-KiRCHenBaueR. MKP GeoteCHniCal enGineeRinG, GeRMany.B.s. PRasetyo. Pt. KaRya PRiMa anuGeRaH ManDiRi.

abstract : Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) is the most common term for a composite hydraulic barrier made of geosynthetics and high swelling bentonite clay as the sealing element. They are also known as Clay Geosynthetic Barriers (GBR-C). The widest spread type of GCL is needle-punched, where the sealing bentonite clay is sandwiched between two geosynthetic geotextiles. Other forms of GCLs may also additionally contain a coating or a lamination to either improve the strength of the composite or add other features to the GCL such as a root or a desiccation barrier and may even be used to improve the hydraulic barrier. As geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are frequently and often used to replace hard to build compacted clay liners (CCLs) it is useful to compare the hydraulic performance of each liner with respect to overall leakage to demonstrate the heightened performance that can be obtained with needle punched GCLs. The hydraulic performance of liners is often evaluated by their total leakage and their breakthrough time. Total leakage is simply defined as the volume of leachate that passes through the liner over a given time period. Breakthrough time is defined as the length of time required for leachate to pass through the liner. This paper will compare GCLs and compacted clay liners (CCLs) with each other based on rational mathematical equations in regard to hydraulic performance. Further it will highlight the benefits of GCL products over traditional natural materials, when used for composite liner applications in landfills and discusses several common techniques used in their installation, emphasizing the role that equipment plays in ensuring a successful installation. At the end real field study results will also be presented, demonstrating the efficiency of the different systems.

gEosyNtHEtic cEmENtitious comPositE mat aDvaNcEmENts iN HyDraulic aND iNfrastructural rEmEDiatioN aPPlicatioNs

siMon lesteR, ConCRete Canvas ltD., suB-saHaRan aFRiCa.WilliaM CRaWFoRD, ConCRete Canvas ltD., uniteD KinGDoM.MaRCin KujaWsKi, ConCRete Canvas ltD., uniteD KinGDoM.

abstract : Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mats (GCCM’s) are fast becoming a popular alternative to conventional methods for the remediation of ailing civil, mining, petrochemical and agricultural infrastructure. The composite benefits of GCCM’s mean that speed of installation is increased, project overheads made up of plant, labour and fuel are decreased and overall project costs improved. This paper serves to highlight the benefit of GCCM’s in the remediation of structures utilised in hydraulic and infrastructural applications. Particular emphasis will be placed on the considerations required for the purpose



of ensuring impermeability, joint fixity and shrinkage counteraction. Specific case studies will be referenced in demonstrating the effectiveness of GCCM’s in the instances above and the developments that have been made in improving speed and simplicity of installation.

bim aND gEosyNtHEtics

sCotto, M., viCaRi, M., oFFiCine MaCCaFeRRi sPa, italy.BRusa, n., MaCCaFeRRi ltD, uniteD KinGDoM.

abstract : What is BIM? What are the benefit and the advantages? How BIM can be used within the geosynthetics industry? How geosynthetics can be incorporated with BIM? This paper will describe the use of BIM (Building Information Modelling) within the geosynthetics industry and how the design with geosynthetics could create an optimized solution, reducing the safety risks and improve the whole-life asset management of the project. The paper will describe the use of BIM in the design of a soil reinforcement ramp approaching an existing Victorian age bridge abutment with a complex geometry.The results presented in this paper extend also the experience and the development of BIM within the geosynthetic industry including some reference and examples.

iNDirEct mEtHoDs to tHE EstimatioN of bENtoNitE Durability

C. PotHieR. univ lyon, insa-lyon, FRanCe.s. vaCHeRie. univ lyon, insa-lyon, FRanCe.G. DiDieR. jaM RHône loiRe auveRGne, lyon.o. BoRoDine. DiP PaRK aKtillanD ii, saint PRiest.a. sHaRanova. univ lyon, insa-lyon, FRanCe anD CenteR oF HiGH-PReCision ConstRuCtion equiPMent, iMManuel Kant BaltiC FeDeRal univeRsity, KalininGRaD, Russian FeDeRation.

abstract : Geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) are generally used in civil engineering to fulfil the impermeability function within the waste storage facilities, as well as dikes, waterproofing in civil works and basins. These GCLs are very low permeability in optimal conditions. However, hydraulic conductivity is very sensitive to many factors : environmental conditions, contact fluids, drying, etc. In this article we study the effect of drying initial conditions on swelling behaviour of clay with drying initial conditions and how NaCl solution concentrations affect the swelling capacity of bentonite in Volclay-Voltex proceed. During the test, the pH and the electrical conductivity of the fluids were also measured. The results show that the temperature of drying modifies the free swelling index and low or medium NaCl concentrations do not inhibit the swelling capacity of bentonite, but even has a tendency to strengthen it. This part of the study is in relationship with the civil works in coastal areas.

WiND uPlift of gEomEmbraNEs

D. FayouX. aPPliGeo, PoitieRs, FRanCe.

abstract : Geomembranes used in hydraulic works (reservoir, canal, dam) can be uplifted by the wind, and the geomembrane may be pulled out of its anchor trenches, fail or can be completely torn. Several solutions can be used to solve this problem : maintain the works full, use ballasting by protective layer or sand bags lines, fix the geomembrane by anchorage out of ground or concrete, or counterbalance the depressions by suction vents which create an antagonistic depression under the geomembrane and stabilize it. This paper presents shortly the pressure distribution due to the wind in a reservoir (Dedrick) and a first case history, some bases of the design of the ballasting and anchoring, developed by Giroud, and their application in conformity with the Moroccan regulations on the wind. The suction vents system, a cheaper solution, is presented and justified by cases histories.

room b - tHEmE 2 : DumP

bEariNg caPacity failurE DuriNg coNstructioN of a gEosyNtHEtic covEr systEm for a PulP aND PaPEr mill sluDgE laNDfill

KWasi BaDu-tWeneBoaH, PH.D., P.e., F.asCe. GeosynteC Consultants, inC., usa.RaMil G. MijaRes, PH.D., P.e. GeosynteC Consultants, inC., usa.

abstract : A multi-layer geosynthetic cover system was used for the final closure of a pulp and paper mill sludge landfill. The landfill contained fully saturated, highly compressible, and very low-shear strength wastewater treatment plant sludge materials. The geosynthetic cover system was overlain with a minimum 0.75-m thick layer vegetative cover soil layer designed to provide vegetation support as well as to protect the underlying layers of geosynthetics from root penetration and frost damage. During placement of the vegetative cover layer over an installed geosynthetic cover system panel, bearing capacity failure of the underlying sludge material occurred, resulting in a maximum settlement of 2.4 m of the geosynthetics in a certain area. Forensic investigation showed that the failure was due to repeated loading from the combined weight of the construction equipment and cover soil, which led to pumping, development of excess pore pressures, and subsequent reduction in shear strength of the underlying sludge material.

DEvEloPiNg a WatErProofiNg gEocomPositE for railWay Platforms iN EvolviNg matErials arEa

C. leBRun. aFiteX, CHaMPHol, FRanCe. P. GenDRin. GeoRoute, CHaMPHol, FRanCe. a. taiR. aFiteX, CHaMPHol, FRanCe.

abstract : As part of the building of new high speed lines in France and Morocco (Tanger-Kenitra), a waterproof geocomposite has been developed to answer time, space and money constraints of these particular worksites. This new geocomposite has been designed to meet the technical standards of French National Railway company (SNCF); it protects the railway platform against water infiltrations in sensitive-to-water areas.

gEosyNtHEtic barriErs for ENviroNmENtally sENsitivE aPPlicatioNs iN morocco

W. HaHn sKz – testinG GMBH, WüRzBuRG. e. sost Gse lininG teCHnoloGy GMBH, HaMBuRG.y. MountassiR Giz, RaBat MaRoKKo.

abstract : Five different types of geosynthetic barriers (GBR) are being tested for their suitability as barrier when in contact with chemicals or leachate – like in landfills or tailing dams. The GBRs are three different types of PE, one PVC-P type and one polymer modified bituminous geosynthetic barrier. The following chemicals are used for immersion tests : benzene, mineral oils, organic acids, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, NaOH and water. Leachates of two landfills in Morocco were analysed. Immersions for up to 64 weeks were performed for most chemicals at elevated temperature and several mechanical and analytical characteristics were determined afterwards. A relevant property is watertightness, which however is not suitable as a characterisation test. Therefore change in mechanical properties is used for a classification. Results show that the same chemical can have different effects on different types of polymeric geosynthetic barrers (GBR-P). PEHD is resistant against the most chemicals, while some of the selected chemicals are solvents of bitumen.



PolymEr ENHaNcED gEosyNtHEtic clay liNErs for HigH PH miNiNg aPPlicatioNs

MiCHael Donovan, CetCo, usa.RoBeRt valoRio, P.e. - GloBal teCHniCal seRviCes ManaGeR, CetCo.BaRBaRa GeBKa, MasteR oF sCienCe - senioR ReseaRCH assoCiate, CetCo.

abstract : Polymer modified geosynthetic clay liners (PMGs) are a fairly recent innovation and are seeing use in situations where traditional geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) do not provide sufficiently low hydraulic conductivity. PMGs have found use in waste impoundments for mining and ore processing operations such as red mud storage facilities, reducing the risks associated with such structures. The chemistry of red mud leachates generated by various mining operations, such as the Bayer process, is well documented. These leachates can have high ionic strengths and elevated pH values compared with other common GCL applications, such as MSW landfills. Our research has shown that new PMGs are compatible with a range of high pH chemistries, such as bauxite liquors, cement kiln dust (CKD) and trona mining. Various types of bentonites sourced from various locations were evaluated with a particular polymer type. The influence of liner design parameters, such as mass per unit area, on the hydraulic conductivity was evaluated. ASTM D6766, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Aqueous Solutions, can be used to confirm the hydraulic compatibility of GCLs with mining leachates. Research on appropriate termination criteria as well as performance limits will also be presented.

tHE usE of bENtoNitE gEosyNtHEtics WitH gEofilm iN aN aEratED lagooN PlaNt muNiciPality of bir aarcH, Wilaya of sétif iN algEria

MessaouD zeRMani, HaDBi HaMiD, aFiteX, alGeRia.abstract : The Aerated Lagoon Plant Project of Bir

Aarch is located 45 km east the Wilaya of Sétif, it is intended to collect and treat waste waters of the Municipality of Bir Aarch with a daily capacity of 25.000 m3.Based upon findings of the geotechnical investigation carried out throughout the site reserved and the observation of the direct surrounding location, it is found that the land is characterized by a flat morphology, it is geologically covered by a thin layer of a vegetal earth supported by a semi-hard slab of the limestone crusting of a thickness ranging from 0.15 m to 1.20 m, and the whole is built on red chalky clays and very crusted sometimes.Therefore, the idea to put a passive waterproof barrier is much more required for containing waste waters and preventing them from entering through the limestone deposit.The waterproofing basins are traditionally made by implementing a watertight compacted clay layer of 10-7 to 10-9 m/s.The main disadvantages of the compacted clay layer solution are :

• The difficulty to implement a clay layer in embankment.

• The region known for the desiccation/rehydration and frost/defrost phenomena (High Lands) which may cause cracking all over the thickness, that’s what increases the global permeability of the compacted clay layer.

Based on these data, the execution study has specified the use of a bentonite geomembrane provided with a 0.2 mm HDPE geofilm. Regarding the stability of excavation embankments, the natural slope equals the friction angle get at the laboratory in the worst case (UU shear tests), the

friction angle equals about 4°. The lagoons embankments must be protected by a GCL which also needs to be protected by a ballast layer for the small lagoons and a rockfill for the big lagoons in order to minimize the impact of waves on these embankments.

rEHabilitatioN of a PulP WastE DumP iN sWazilaND - gEosyNtHEtic solutioN

joHann le RouX, Beal (Pty) ltD, soutH aFRiCa. PeteR leGG ConsultinG, soutH aFRiCa.

abstract : A major Pulp Mill in Swaziland decommissioned their mill and associated operations at the end of January 2010. Included in the decommissioning was the closure and rehabilitation of the “Knots Dump” waste disposal facility. A phased capping of the facility was proposed to reduce leachate volumes by spraying it onto the exposed surface area until completion of capping within a three year period. Surface and subsurface drains were designed to divert clean surface water off site and, to drain the leachate downstream of the capped area to the existing leachate ponds. To address the numerous challenges associated with the site, a landfill capping system that made extensive use of various geosynthetic materials was implemented in the closure and rehabilitation design. This paper discusses the design and construction of phase 1 and 2 of the Knots Dump closure and rehabilitation, with particular emphasis on the unique challenges associated with the site, and the various solutions implemented.

WatErProofiNg WitH gEosyNtHEtics of salt aND WatEr rEsiDuEs basiNs of WatEr DEmiNEralizatioN PlaNt ProjEct–iN salaH (soutH algEria)CHeRiFi FaRiD , taBti saiD aFiteX alGeRia.

abstract : Summary of the batch of Water Transfer Project In Salah-Tamanrasset, which has been operating since four years. “It is the biggest Demineralization Plant in Algeria”. The project consists of the following : Water demineralization by reverse osmosis in In Salah. The construction of this plant aims to cover drinking water requirements of the City of In Salah and the surrounding communities, (the reverse osmosis is a water purification system containing substances in solution by a very thin filtration system that allows only water molecules to pass through).Because of a natural phenomenon noticed in these areas of South Algeria, water salinity is too high that water cannot be drunk directly. Thus, the object of this project is to decrease salinity of water which is 3,5 mg/l. This salinity will be reduced to less than 0,6 mg/l.The protection of environment, especially water resources, requires the implementation of a reliable waterproofing for various types of Works or basins in this project. Whether it concerns water storage works or wastes, this waterproofing is more and more provided by simple products : The HDPE Geomembranes are products used in civil works whose only function is waterproofing. They are manufactured with a thickness of 2 mm and a geotextile beneath a mass per unit area of 500g/m2.The main functional characteristic of geomembranes is waterproofing. However, dimension and mechanical characteristics have been taken into account for the design and sizing of the works.Fusion temperature of the geomembranes used has been tested at temperatures higher than 80°C. The difference in composition between the different types of geomembranes is reflected in the highly variable mechanical behaviours. This variability is well highlighted by the unidirectional traction test.The waterproof device of basins (geotextile and geomembrane) showed big advantages since the surfaces to be waterproofed are very large, the waterproofing requirements are very strict :



room b - tHEmE 3 :usE iN HyDraulic structurEs

PErformaNcE tHrougH tHE timE aND Durability of HDPE gEomEmbraNEs iNstallED iN rEsErvoirs

M. BlanCo. laBoRatoRio CentRal De estRuCtuRas y MateRiales sPain. e. aGuiaR, t. vaRa. Balsas De teneRiFe (Balten), sPain. M. j. MénDez. CiaPal, sPain. M. ReDón, j.B. toRReGRosa & F.j. sánCHez. univeRsitat PolitéCniCa De valenCia (uPv), sPain. n. touze-Foltz. iRstea, antony, FRanCe. F. FaRCas. iFsttaR, MaRne la vallée, FRanCe.

abstract : The present work exposes the performance through the time of a set of geomembranes installed in waterworks. The HDPE linings selected for this study are part of the waterproofing system of the following water reservoirs: Lomo del Balo, Buen Paso, Trevejos, Cuatro Caminos, El Palmar, Los Galguitos, San Isidro, Valle de San Lorenzo y Teno Alto. Also, two additional samples have been collected from the experimental field of “El Saltadero”. The most important mechanical characteristics of the geomembranes related to foldability at low temperatures, shore-D hardness, puncture resistance, static and dynamic impact resistance and tensile behaviour were determined. Additionally, the microscopy structure of the geomembranes was evaluated by using reflection optical microscopy (ROM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).In addition, the study aims to contribute in better understanding of the geomembrane´s durability. For that, stress cracking and oxidation induction times (OIT) tests are made together with the mechanical and microscopic findings.

fiElD moNitoriNg of mobilizED tENsilE forcE of gEotExtilE tubEs ExitiNg tHE bargE

enG, z.X., DePaRtMent oF Civil & enviRonMental enGineeRinG, national univeRsity oF sinGaPoRe, sinGaPoRe. CHeW, s.H., DePaRtMent oF Civil & enviRonMental enGineeRinG, national univeRsity oF sinGaPoRe, sinGaPoRe. CHua, K.e., BuilDinG & inFRastRuCtuRe GRouP, HousinG & DeveloPMent BoaRD, sinGaPoRe. liM, t.y., BuilDinG & inFRastRuCtuRe GRouP, HousinG & DeveloPMent BoaRD, sinGaPoRe.yiM, a.H.M, BuilDinG & inFRastRuCtuRe GRouP, HousinG & DeveloPMent BoaRD, sinGaPoRe.

abstract : Geotextile tubes and geocontainers have been widely used in offshore revetment and containment. In these applications, these geotextile containment units are usually placed on a hopper-barge with bottom opening capability. During the dumping process, the geotextile containment unit would undergo continuous reshaping once the bottom of the hopper-barge starts to open-up, and would finally exit from the opening at the bottom of hopper barge. A high degree of mobilization of tensile forces on the geotextile materials was generated in this process. The situation is found to be even

crucial for a case where the geotextile containment unit does not exit the opening evenly, i.e. its exit is impeded. This paper aims to analyse the mobilized tensile forces on the geotextile tubes during the dumping process from a real project. The tensile forces of geotextile tube with and without impeded action are analyzed and compared. This data will enhance the current design for this particular type of application.

tHE usE of gEomEmbraNE systEms for Dams aND HyDraulic structurEs iN DiffErENt couNtriEs of africa

D. CazzuFFi. Cesi sPa, Milano, italy.

abstract : The paper presents several African case histories of geomembrane waterproofing systems in construction of new dams and in particular - in chronological order starting from 2009 - in RCC dams with low cementitious content RCC mix where the geomembrane allows reducing construction constraints and controls (case of Boussiaba dam in the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria), in cofferdams with a zigzag geomembrane core substituting a clay core (case of Gibe III cofferdam in Ethiopia) and in hardfill dams having an exposed geomembrane as the only watertight upstream barrier (case of Ambarau dam in the Democrat Republic of Congo). For all these dams projects, details of the adopted systems, phases of installation and results, are given.

DiPolE lEak locatioN survEy oN WooDcHiP : uNusual but PossiblE

C. CHaRPentieR. GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa. F. laBonté. GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa. t. jaCquelin. GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa.

abstract : This paper will summarize Electrical Leak Location (ELL) activities that occurred at an anonymous landfill extension in Canada, 2016. Characteristics encountered on that job include : attempting to get electrical isolation at the periphery; heterogeneous covering (including woodchip cover for frost protection); and a poor-quality subgrade filled with metallic components. Another feature, unfortunately not uncommon within landfill construction, was the high amount of defects found within the geomembrane, including punctures made while isolating the site. Our objective with this paper is to explain our response methods to different issues, in order to maximize the precision of the Dipole Method, give advice to others experiencing similar conditions, and provide relevant information about hole simulation signals, real hole signals, and their interpretations, to show that the site response was ASTM compliant, even if surveyed over woodchip.

PErformaNcE tHrougHout 30 yEars of tHE Pvc-P gEomEmbraNE iNstallED iN ‘la floriDa’ rEsErvoir

M. BlanCo. laBoRatoRio CentRal De estRuCtuRas y MateRiales. MinisteRios De FoMento y aGRiCultuRa, aliMentaCión y MeDio aMBiente. sPain.M.a. CResPo. Renolit iBéRiCa, s. a. sant Celoni, BaRCelona, sPain.e. aGuiaR. Balsas De teneRiFe (Balten). santa CRuz De teneRiFe, sPain.t. vaRa. Balsas De teneRiFe (Balten). santa CRuz De teneRiFe, sPain.D. CazzuFFi. Cesi sPa, Milano, italy.j.P. GiRouD. j. P. GiRouD inC. oCean RiDGe, usa.a. leiRo. iGs sPain.P. aBaD. iGs sPain.

abstract : In this paper the performance of the plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) geomembrane installed in La Florida reservoir (Tenerife-Spain) over thirty years is presented. The initial and over the time results are illustrated, determining geomembrane characteristics like plasticizers loss, tensile strength resistance, elongation at break, low temperature foldability, impact resistance,

• Deadlines for completion are short.• There is no waterproofing mineral material nearby the

deposit.• The subsoil is likely to settle and we must have a

flexible basin.• The climate constraints are severe. Compared to

concrete works, the waterproofed works with geomembrane and geotextile have a better chemical resistance.Besides, the geomebrane is not a porous material like the concrete and then shows a better guarantee facing the percolation of pollutants.



puncture resistance and microscopic analysis. Samples had been collected along the time in coronation areas where geomembrane it is always under sun radiation and in areas submerged under the water. Sampling had been performed in north, south, east and west slopes. Also, the plasticizers used in the geomembrane formulation were isolated and determined, qualitatively and quantitatively, using analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). They were identified like di-n-octyl phthalate, di-n-decyl phthalate and n-decyl-n-octyl phthalate. Media molecular weight is above 400 that indicates a high durability. With the obtained results could be proved that the higher loss of this additives occur in the submerged samples and not in coronation ones as is usual in most of the studied reservoirs. This fact has been attributed to the linearity of alkyl radicals that replace the protons of phthalic acid, because linear alkyl radicals present a higher facility to migrate into the water than into the air.

DEsluDgiNg WastEWatEr PoNDs usiNg gEotExtilE DEWatEriNg bags

j.j.o. oRioKot. FiBeRteX soutH aFRiCa, joHannesBuRG, soutH aFRiCa. D. Bate. FiBeRteX soutH aFRiCa, joHannesBuRG, soutH aFRiCa. G. DiRKs. FiBeRteX soutH aFRiCa, CaPe toWn, soutH aFRiCa.

abstract : Several mechanical desludging options are available as solutions for onsite desludging, but are costly for wastewater treatment facilities and as well as contractors that have limited budgets. The objective of this case study is to show the feasibility of geotextile bags (geobags) as a dewatering option for several desludging projects with ease of operation, retention of solids, and cost effectiveness as advantages over alternative methods. The filtration properties of geotextiles, with their ability to allow liquids to pass through whilst retaining solids, make them desirable in dewatering sludge material.Geobags, manufactured from woven geotextiles, are incorporated in the desludging process into which materials are pumped directly, containing the solids and providing a relatively quick dewatering method compared to alternatives “(Gaffney et al. 1999)”.

usE of bitumiNous gEomEmbraNE iN HyDraulic coNstructioN

BeRtRanD BReul, Civil enGineeR, Civil enGineeRinG ResPonsiBle, aXteR CoMPany

BeRnaRD BReul, Civil enGineeR, BGMeXPeRt

joan lazaRo, aFRiCa anD latin aMeRiCa teCHniCal ManaGeR

abstract : The paper will review briefly the key characteristics of BGM that make it a great option for watertighting dam , reservoir and irrigation canals, namely its low coefficient of permeability, low thermal coefficient (i.e. bituminous geomembranes do not dilate or contract as much as HDPE or PVC geomembranes) which permits the installation all day long, even during warm seasons), its high friction angle permitting a slope of 2H:1V, its unit mass (allows handling and installation under heavy wind conditions), its ability to be fixed to concrete, a strong resistance to weathering, specially the exposure to UV radiation, the ease and speed to deploy and install it, its high puncture resistance (thus eliminating the need to use outside geotextiles for protection) and its suitability to store potable water – certified by an international institute. For illustrating the use of BGM in hydraulic construction, the paper will review case studies where a BGM(BGM) was used. In dam’s applications, the paper will review a 30-m high earth and rock fill dam in Peru, a 23-m high concrete dam in Chile, two earth and rock fill dams (42-m and 37-m

high, respectively) in France. These dams are classified as high dams per the definition established by the International Commission on Large Dams – ICOLD. In reservoirs application, the paper will mention two water reservoirs, the Mannes reservoir at the Bayard pass in the French Alps that provides water for irrigation and potable water for the city of Gap and the Waste way 5 Re-Regulation Reservoir Project, Roza Irrigation District reservoir in Washington state, USA. In canals imperviousness, the paper will mention different case studies in the United States, Canada, and France - how the BGM(BGM) is a very viable technical and economical option for lining canals of different width.This paper will describe the projects mentioned above, the specific techniques and equipment used to build the impervious structure, and will insist on the quality management that was applied. Finally, for giving an idea about the longevity of the BGM, the paper will present the results of the survey done by the French ministry of Agriculture on the condition of the BGM on a large dam after 30 years of service.

is ElEctrical lEak locatioN HElPiNg us gEttiNg bEttEr WitH gEomEmbraNEs ?C. CHaRPentieR. GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa. H. BReMneR. GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa. t. jaCquelin. GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa. a. Rollin. GRouPe alPHaRD, CanaDa.

abstract : Electrical Leak Location (ELL) began being utilized nearly 25 years ago on geomembrane projects and has since grown in popularity and efficiency. Going forward, goals of ELL should be to identify failures in design, choice of materials, liner installation, and site construction. Previously, academic papers gave little information on the nature of holes detected or their cause. Based on, ‘Lessons learned from 10yrs of leak detection surveys on geomembranes’ (Forget et al.), written by two of the three authors of this paper, it will be determined if statistics collected over the past 3 years vary from those concluded by the previous paper published 12 years prior. We will also compare those statistics to other companies that publish ELL information in the past in other areas of the world, to verify if numbers are similar. In addition, this paper will explain the main causes of leaks within geomembranes, based on the statistics observed by the author’s company, and suggestions for prevention, in an attempt to help other professionals reduce their defect risks using geosynthetics.

PErformaNcE of Pilot tEst of gEotExtilE tubE fillED WitH ligHtly cEmENt-mixED-soil

CHeW, s.H., DePaRtMent oF Civil & enviRonMental enGineeRinG, national univeRsity oF sinGaPoRe, sinGaPoRe. enG, z.X., DePaRtMent oF Civil & enviRonMental enGineeRinG, national univeRsity oF sinGaPoRe, sinGaPoRe. CHua, K.e., BuilDinG & inFRastRuCtuRe GRouP, HousinG & DeveloPMent BoaRD, sinGaPoRe. GoH, P.l., BuilDinG & inFRastRuCtuRe GRouP, HousinG & DeveloPMent BoaRD, sinGaPoRe. tan, s.e., BuilDinG & inFRastRuCtuRe GRouP, HousinG & DeveloPMent BoaRD, sinGaPoRe.

abstract : The sand filled geotextile tube is common and has been well-established in the coastal engineering applications. On the other hand, there remains many technical challenges when using soft clay or dredged material as the infilling material for geotextile tubes to construct a stable containment bund. One of the challenges is to minimize the shape deformation and settlement of geotextile tube associated with the use of soft clay infilling. An innovative infilling material is proposed – lightly cement-mixed-soil (CMS). This study aims to report the performance of a series of tests using miniature geotextile tubes (Mini Geotube)



tuEsDay - marDi 10 - 10 - 2017

key note : Water canals and geosyntheticsj.P. GiRouD, ConsultinG enGineeR, PaRis, FRanCe. H. PlusquelleC, ConsultinG enGineeR, WasHinGton D.C., usa.

abstract : This keynote paper reviews the use of geosynthetics in canals, with emphasis on water conservation. Lessons learned from field tests and from numerous case histories of irrigation, hydropower and navigation canals are presented, considering construction of new canals and rehabilitation of existing cement concrete-lined canals with a variety of geomembrane types as well as other geosynthetics. To ensure objective comparison between geosynthetics and traditional methods of lining canals, the current practice is reviewed, with special focus on cement concrete linings and methods for measuring water losses. Advantages and drawbacks of using geomembranes exposed or protected are discussed, and techniques for the protection of geomembrane linings are addressed: prefabricated concrete panels, cast-in-situ concrete, soil layers, cobbles, gabions, geomattresses, geocells, etc. Finally, the performance of geomembrane linings used in canals is addressed and compared with the performance of traditional concrete linings, in particular regarding water losses.

key note : lining of reservoirs with synthetic geomembranesM. BlanCo. laBoRatoRio CentRal De estRuCtuRas y MateRiales (CeDeX). MinisteRio De FoMento y MinisteRio De aGRiCultuRa y PesCa, aliMentaCión y MeDio aMBiente. MaDRiD, sPain.B. Mateo. laBoRatoRio CentRal De estRuCtuRas y MateRiales (CeDeX). MinisteRio De FoMento y MinisteRio De aGRiCultuRa y PesCa, aliMentaCión y MeDio aMBiente. MaDRiD, sPain.D. CazzuFFi. Cesi sPa, Milano, italy.M.a. CResPo. Renolit iBéRiCa, s. a. sant Celoni, BaRCelona, sPain.

abstract : The objective of this work is to present the performance of the synthetic geomembranes in hydraulic works over time and in particular in reservoirs in Spain. Although the geomembranes more used nowadays, PVC-P, HDPE and EPDM, will be considered in more detail, the performance of other less used geomembranes, such as EVA/C, fPP, CSM, IIR and polyolefins, both thermoplastic (TPO)

morNiNg

and elastomeric (POE), will also be mentioned.This performance refers to the following characteristics: foldability at low temperatures, Shore hardness, tear resistance, tensile properties, dynamic impact resistance, puncture resistance, welding strength resistance, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, carbon black content and dispersion, plasticizers loss, stress cracking resistance, oxidation induction time and carbonyl index.Singular cases, such as the performance of geomembranes in covered reservoirs, geomembrane-geomembrane compatibility and biofilms formation over the geomembrane surface, will be presented.On the other hand, the long and successful experience gained worldwide in application of some exposed geomembranes in dams will be not taken in consideration in this keynote lecture.To finish, an approximation concerning the service life of PVC-P, HDPE, and EPDM geomembranes in reservoirs, will be illustrated

room a- tHEmE 1 :ProPErtiEs, PErformaNcE of gEosyNtHEtics (suitE )

loNg tErm ProPErtiEs of tHErmoboNDED PolyEstEr gEogriDs

P. Pezzano. oFFiCine MaCCaFeRRi s.P.a. zola PReDosa (Bo), italy. a. PlastRe. FRanCe MaCCaFeRRi. valanCe, FRanCe. a. GRiMoD. FRanCe MaCCaFeRRi. valanCe, FRanCe.

abstract : Geogrids from the range Paralink are made of polyester yarns encased in a polyethylene sheath. They are characterized by reduction factors among the smallest on the market, especially thanks to their good creep behaviour. Tensile creep tests, still running in the factory and having started more than 30 years ago allow the extrapolation of the data with a very good confidence and so to justify the long term behaviour of these grids. In the paper is presented a case history of the use of such reinforcement on a piled foundation under the high speed train embankment of the Kenitra-Tanger line.

HoW Do cErtificatioN scHEmEs of gEosyNtHEtics makE ExPEctED bENEfits of tHE usE of gEosyNtHEtics morE rEliablE

leBon PieRRe, asqual, FRanCe

abstract : Many of the last studies about the use of geosynthetics impacts deal with the reduction of the negative impacts on the Environnement and the overall costs of the civil engineering works : reduction of the CO2 emission, reduction of the cumulated energy demand, increase of the durability and reduction of the maintenance during the phase of use of the civil engineering works (1).These benefits are related to the many factors as :

• the knowledges of the geosynthetics by the engineering and design offices in charge of draw up the technical contract conditions;

• the quality and consistency of the geosynthetics products characteristics;

• the installation of geosynthetics products;• the durability of the geosynthetics products

characteristics.In a view to provide a clear and confident information on the geosynthetics products and products manufactured with high

filled with lightly CMS. Different combinations of initial water content and cement content of the CMS were prepared and filled into the Mini Geotube. The shear strength development at 3-days and 7-days curing of CMS were evaluated. This study will provide valuable guideline for the design of full-size (40.0m) geotextile tubes with soft clay infill.



quality specifications for ensuring the repeatability of the products characteristics, a French non benefit organisation (ASQUAL) has developed several certification schemes on geotextiles and geomembranes, geomembranes application services (welding and construction site managing).This article aims to provide information on the added value of the certification for all geosynthetics stakeholders, including both main contractors and prescribers in civil engineering than geosynthetics producers or products applicators.

DEsigN of a tHErmal/tEmPEraturE moNitoriNg systEm for HDPE gEomEmbraNE, liNEr of a miNE WastE storagE facility iN soutH africa

B. zHanG. GolDeR assoCiates (uK) ltD., uniteD KinGDoM. D.R.v. jones. GolDeR assoCiates (uK) ltD., uniteD KinGDoM.

abstract : The basal lining system of the facility comprises a 1.5mm HDEP geomembrane layer and 300 mm compacted clay liner. Literature review was carried out to investigate the pros and cons of different types of measure method and eventually thermocouples were chosen as the temperature senor due to its reliability and longevity. The thermocouples were to be installed between the HDPE liner and the underlying compacted clay liner. Specific type of thermocouples was selected to enable accurate measurement and short response time in given environment. Connecting cable with suitable coating materials was also chosen in order to minimise the measurement error caused by the temperature change of surround environment as well as survive in a potentially chemically hostile environment. A compatible data record was also specified to enable real-time monitoring of the liner temperature. A layout of the monitoring system was designed to provide a good coverage of the whole site and sufficient monitoring points in the case of redundancy, should some of the thermocouples malfunction. Installation guidance was produced to provide further information and details that need to be aware of during the construction work.

coNsEquENcE of DiffErENt alkaliNE PHs oN tHE bEHaviour of PolyEstEr gEotExtilE

l. van sCHooRs. iFsttaR, MaRne-la-vallée, FRanCe. s. MosCaRDelli. iFsttaR, MaRne-la-vallée, FRanCe. n. BaRBeRis. iFsttaR, MaRne-la-vallée, FRanCe.

abstract : This study aims to assess the level of degradation of polyester geotextiles, aged six weeks in different alkaline environments. The changes in mechanical properties of the single fibers were determined for an unaged sample and samples covered by crushed concrete and immersed in water for the duration of ageing. Their properties have been correlated with the evolution of their physicochemical and morphological characteristics and compared with long term laboratory ageings. These results show, in contact with concrete, a decrease in mechanical properties of the fibers, even after only 6 week of ageing; it informs the profession that the use of this kind of polymer in highly-alkaline medium can have consequences on the functional properties of polyester geotextiles.

bitumiNous gEomEmbraNE iN miNE coNstructioN

BeRtRanD BReul, Civil enGineeRinG ResPonsiBle, FRanCe. BeRnaRD BReul, Civil enGineeR, BGM eXPeRt.

abstract : The success story of the BGM (bituminous geomembrane) BGMstarted in 1974 by two worldwide famous bitumen specialists : Shell and Colas. The structure of BGM and manufacturing process is described as a geomembrane manufactured by impregnating a polyester geotextile with an elastomeric compound of bitumen.

There are different examples of applications in the mining industry in storage of :

solid wastes• Bottom of Industrial landfill of solid wastes in Brazil.• Capping solid wastes : in Chilean Patagonia and in

Australia with possible re-use of the geomembrane for other works.

liquid wastes• Tailings dams : Peru in a seismic area near Chincha

(Magnitude 8.1 in 2007) detail of construction and survey after earthquake will be detailed.

• Tailings reservoirs : in the North of Australia, installation in summer by temperature near 50°C, storage at high temperature for shale gas site, Guatemala, Toromocho (Peru) at an altitude of 4,800 m in a very windy region.

• Repairs under water of HDPE failures in Spain in a mine.

For each of the examples given, reasons of the consultant’s choice among advantages of BGMare given :

• A low permeability coefficient.• A high puncture resistance and UV resistance may

eliminate the need for cushion geotextiles, easing the diffusion of leakage or cover soil.

• Very low thermal expansion coefficient permitting welding and covering at any hour of the day and at any kind of temperature.

• The ability to be installed in very harsh climatic conditions with wind speeds in excess of 100 km/h, even under light rain, reduces delays and allows for a quicker use of the facility.

• Flexibility and possible welding anywhere on the geomembrane permits transversal anchoring and leaving the geomembrane exposed even in very windy or cyclone regions.

• Does not require a specialty installer, it can be installed by the mine’s own work forces, or by the general contractor or earthmoving contractor allowing better control of the schedule (the manufacturer supply a monitor to train local people.

• The ability to connect to other materials such as rock, concrete, steel and other geomembranes, while improving the general watertightness of a work.

• A proven longevity even exposed.

gEomEmbraNE strEss crackiNg rEsistaNcE DEPENDiNg oN tHE PolymEr usED

j.M. Muñoz GóMez. sotRaFa s.a., sPain.

abstract : This communication aims to link the influence of the HDPE polymer used within the manufacturing of the Geomembranes on the stress cracking resistance of several Geomembranes.For this, several characteristics will be analysed such as density – directly related to the crystallinity of polymer -, the melt flow index – linked to the molecular weight of the polymer – and the molecular weight distribution of the polymer. Later on, stress cracking resistance’s tests will be made – according to ASTM D5397 standards at a single point SP-NCT- of geomembranes manufactured with these polymers and the results will be analysed.



room b- tHEmE 4 : rEiNforcED Walls

rEiNforcED EartH-HigH-risE abutmENt Wall WitH gEosyNtHEtic striPs

eRiC luCas. teRRe aRMée, Rueil MalMaison, FRanCe. yassine Bennani. teRRe aRMée, Rueil MalMaison, FRanCe.

abstract : Design challenges of reinforced soil true bridge abutments with geosynthetic strips supporting the bridge deck of two underpasses will be presented in this paper. The tallest paired wall abutments culminates at 17.5m height between the foundation level and the roadway. The technical engineering challenge was to establish a design that took into account the extensibility of the strips, the deformations induced during the erection of the walls and post construction deformations that needed to be consistent with those admissible to the bridge decks and particularly with respect to the distortion of the bridge bearing pads.

DEsigN aPProacHEs of gEosyNtHEtics rEiNforcED soil Walls WitH comPlEx gEomEtriEs

C. yoo, CHaiR PRoFessoR, sCHool oF Civil, aRCHiteCtuRal enGineeRinG anD lanDsCaPe aRCHiteCtuRe sunGKyunKWan univeRsity, suWon, KoRea.

abstract : Geosynthetics reinforced soil (GRS) walls have become well accepted technology both in private and public sectors due to several benefits such as sound performance, aesthetics, cost and expediency of construction. Although these types of GRS walls have been constructed and are per-forming well to date, there are many areas that still need in-depth studies in order to acquire required data to improve the currently available design approaches. In this paper, the currently available design approaches for back-to-back GRS wall and GRS bridge abutment are first reviewed. Research findings from relevant studies on these types of walls are then presented and discussed in relation to the current design approaches. Practical implications of the findings are also discussed in the design and construction perspectives.

aNalysis of vErtical faciNg PaNEl-joiNt gaP iN rEiNforcED soil Walls

i.P. DaMians. sCHool oF Civil enGineeRinG, univeRsitat PolitèCniCa De Catalunya - BaRCelonateCH, sPain. R.j. BatHuRst. Royal MilitaRy ColleGe oF CanaDa, KinGston, ontaRio, CanaDa. a. josa. sCHool oF Civil enGineeRinG, univeRsitat PolitèCniCa De Catalunya - BaRCelonateCH, sPain. a. lloRet. sCHool oF Civil enGineeRinG, univeRsitat PolitèCniCa De Catalunya - BaRCelonateCH, sPain.

j. liMa. vsl inteRnational ltD. vsl teCHniCal CenteR BaRCelona, sPain.

abstract : This paper extends the numerical parametric study previously reported by the writers for the vertical load distribution and vertical gap compression between facing panel units in steel reinforced soil walls ranging in height from 6 m to 24 m. The presented study demonstrates how gap compression and magnitude of vertical load transmitted between horizontal joints are influenced by joint location along the height of the wall, joint compressibility, and backfill, and foundation soil stiffness. The charts provided can be used to make a preliminary estimate of the number and type (stiffness) of the bearing pads to ensure a target minimum gap thickness at the end of construction, demonstrate the relative influence of wall height and different material component properties on vertical load levels and gap compression, or used as a benchmark to test numerical models used for project-specific design.

sElEctioN coNsiDEratioNs bEtWEEN gEosyNtHEtic aND stEEl rEiNforcED msE Walls

j. sanKey, P.e., teRRe aRMée, Reston, viRGinia usa.D. enGiDasHet, P.e., tHe ReinFoRCeD eaRtH CoMPany usa.R. lozano, P.e., tHe ReinFoRCeD eaRtH CoMPany usa.

abstract : Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) structures have evolved to common acceptance in infrastructure projects including applications in highways, railways, airport runways and along waterways. With acceptance, has come increasingly more complex demands on the selection of MSE wall systems. There are design issues concerning application of traffic surcharge, selection of design parameters and backfill, extensibility considerations and assessment of service life. Special design conditions also exist for bridge abutments, seismic loading and hydrostatic pressures. There is even the need to properly select the wall design method itself. Steel and geosynthetic strips have both proven to be generally equivalent reinforcements in areas of infrastructure application, except when there are some constraints in backfills and long term deformation considerations. This paper will discuss the design needs associated with steel and geosynthetic strips for transportation applications of MSE structures. Recommendations will be made with respect to accepted design and conditions needing satisfaction for reliable performance.

rEusE of ribboN arcHs as rEiNforcEmENt ElEmENt iN rEtaiNiNg Walls WitH facE maDE by coNcrEt blocs

júnioR, R. P. s. MasteR stuDent in GeoteCHniCs, univeRsity oF BRasilia, BRazil. PaRanHos, H. ReFoRsolo enGineeRinG, uCB, iesPlan, BRazil. FaRias, R. j. C. ReFoRsolo enGineeRinG, uCB, iesPlan, BRazil. silva, l.D.R. iesPlan, BRazil.BezeRRa, i. MaCCaFeRRi, BRazil.

abstract : This papper shows a retaining wall construction with face made of concrete blocks without grouting utilization, as with stability analysis. It reused polyester ribbon as reinforcement element in soil for minimize building cost of this kind of building and decrease environmental impact, since the reuse of polyester ribbon reduces waste production of difficult decomposition. A prototype was built in order to prove that is possible and practicable the building of this type of structure and the execution was based in parameters applied in soil reinforcement program. The prototype was built with a factor of safety of 2, for agree to the stability for execution of permanent buildings, and appling overload over the structure made of soil, verified the expcted good behavior of the retaining wall, supporting an overload of 24 kN. Besides, tensile strenght tests on the ribbon used in the building

tHE cHaractEristics of gEosyNtHEtics iN accorDaNcE WitH tHEir aPPlicatioN

B.BenzaKouR. lPee, CasaBlanCa, MoRoCCo.

abstract : The use of geosynthetics in the fields of geotechnical and civil engineering requires to be able to predict the behavior of structures in which they take place, as an integral component, implies a deep knowledge of their chemical, mechanical and hydraulic characteristics.Depending on their application, the geosynthetics must be efficient but also adapted to the specifications elaborated by engineers or the owners. To ensure the quality and durability of these materials, consequent regulations have been developed and specifications standards have been reviewed and recently published. It is therefore necessary to specify and evaluate the relevant characteristics of geotextiles and related products used in different projects according to the corresponding standards.



tuEsDay - marDi 10 - 10 - 2017 aftErNooN

room a - tHEmE 5 : traNsPortatioN iNfrastructurE

gEosyNtHEtics aPPlicatioN iN traNsPort gEoEcoProtEctivE structurEs

anDRei PetRiaev, eMPeRoR aleXanDeR i st. PeteRsBuRG state tRansPoRt univeRsity, Russia.

abstract : The purpose of the work is a minimization of negative impact of heavy metals ions on transport objects. This goal can be achieved through the construction wastes and geosynthetics application in the transport technologies. The main tasks of the work are definition of the geoecoprotective properties of the selected materials and the use of these materials in the dispersion form together with geosynthetics in transport construction technologies. Analysis of modern transport technologies including technologies of rail and road transport showed that three technological solutions can be considered using the geoecoprotective materials and geosynthetics. In this work the question of storm water treatment is considered on examples such railway objects as railway track and drainage gutter.

fuNctioNality aND EffEctivENEss of PolyEstEr asPHalt rEiNforcEmENt griDs aND tHEir rEquirEmENts for coNstructioN sitEs basED oN ProjEct ExamPlEs iN africa

lauRent saKou, HuesKeR syntHetiC GMBH, GesCHeR GeRMany. MouRaD zeRHouni, HuesKeR syntHetiC GMBH, GesCHeR GeRMany.RéMy zeH nKo’o, MinistRy oF PuBliC WoRKs (MintP), RePuBliC oF CaMeRoon.aMel BelinGa, CaBinet MeDou, Bet, RePuBliC oF CaMeRoun.MiCHel MBessa, CHeF De DéPaRteMent De Génie Civil De l’ensP, yaounDé, RePuBliC oF CaMeRoun.

abstract : The demand for increased mobility on the African continent has been steadily growing over the years. The heavy traffic loads plays a considerable role on the lifetime of road pavements. Influenced by the interests of increasing economic development of a region / country has resulted in significantly increased traffic volumes. This growth is noticeable not only in urban, but also in rural areas. New regions have been developed and/or have gained in economic importance, which adds additional stress to the existing road network. In addition to the higher dynamic loads, climatic influences also play an important role and contribute to the formation of cracks and deformations in the existing roads. Despite the financial constraints, the existing road network must be gradually adapted to these new increased loads and associated stresses. The maintenance/rehabilitation of the existing road network is of central importance for the extension of the usability and service life of asphalt and concrete roads. For over more than 40 years, the use of appropriate asphalt reinforcement geogrids manufactured form polyester, has been one of the most beneficial options for the rehabilitation of existing roads. This article provides an overview of the requirements, the functionality and the effectiveness of the asphalt reinforcement to delay and partially prevent the propagation of reflective cracks, as well as the extension of the maintenance intervals and the associated cost savings over the period of use, not to mention increased sustainability. This paper includes practical examples of construction projects in Africa and the important requirements for the correct installation of the asphalt reinforcement.

allowed compare the value adopted as real resistence value reached by the ribbon tested and them these data comproved the experiment efficiency.

coNstructioN of tHE mEDitErraNEaN coast roaD WitH gEogriD-rEiNforcED rEtaiNiNg structurEs aBDelHaK saBiHi. lPee/CeGt, MoRoCCo. oMaR naCiRi. BBG BauBeRatunG GeoKunststoFFe GMBH & Co. KG, GeRMany.

abstract : Infrastructure improvement and the promotion of regional development are important issues throughout the world. In Morocco several projects are implemented, among others the traditional route “La Rocade Mediterranean Tetoaun - El Jebha”. The construction of this road project required the construction of about one hundred retaining structures in reinforced concrete cantilever walls, concrete walls, gabion structures, reinforced earth walls and reinforced structures with geogrids. In comparison with the conventional retaining solutions, geogrid-reinforced structures have the following particular advantages :

• Economic advantage : construction of the structures is less expensive than the other solutions.

• Fast execution of the construction.• Possibility to reuse the site materials.• Flexibility of the structure : it is resistant to differential

settlements of the soil and can distribute the stresses on top of the foundation much better, eliminating the peak effect of rigid techniques (concrete walls).

• Flexibility regarding the inclination of the facing.This paper describes among other things the experiences which could be gained during the construction of the project La Rocade. Amongst others the costs are mentioned, different retaining structures of different heights have been analysed and compared, the general principles of the justification of geogrid-reinforced structures, the specific properties of the geosynthetics which were used for this reinforcement, the selection criteria and the characteristics and advantages of a geogrid-reinforced wall as well as finally the conditions for its installation and execution control.

coNstructioN of a moDular block rEtaiNiNg Wall for tHE NortHErN iNtErcHaNgE iN ouagaDougou

a. nanCey –tenCate GeosyntHetiCs, FRanCe. a. PieyRe - atalus, FRanCe. jB Duquet -antéa, FRanCe. H. ouéDRaoGo aGeiM, BuRKina Fasso.

abstract : The earthworks are part of the strategies developed by the Burkinabe State with a view to ensuring the fluidity of urban traffic, in the framework of the SCADD (Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development). The main work is the northern interchange, located between the intersection of the RN02 with the RN22. The new roads shall be built on top of embankments, whose height varied between 2.4m and 9.1m. Geosynthetic reinforcement combined with an aesthetic modular block facing shall be installed to ensure the stability of the slopes. The embankment fill available near the site consists of lateritic gravel material that could contain a part of clay. With 20 000m² of facing at an inclination relative to the horizontal of 80.5°, the northern interchange is one of the biggest references for this reinforcement system. Design has been done following Eurocode 7 and the French standards NFP94-270 and XP G38064.



DEvEloPiNg a WatErProofiNg gEocomPositE for railWay Platforms iN EvolviNg matErials arEa

C. leBRun. aFiteX, CHaMPHol, FRanCe. P. GenDRin. GeoRoute, CHaMPHol, FRanCe. a. taiR. aFiteX, CHaMPHol, FRanCe.

abstract : As part of the building of new high speed lines in France and Morocco (Tanger-Kenitra), a waterproof geocomposite has been developed to answer time, space and money constraints of these particular worksites. This new geocomposite has been designed to meet the technical standards of French National Railway company (SNCF); it protects the railway platform against water infiltrations in sensitive-to-water areas.

sub-basE stabilisatioN of roaDs aND outDoor sPort accommoDatioNs by cEllular coNfiNEmENt

CHRist van GuRP. KiWa KoaC, tHe netHeRlanDs. FRanClin nGWese nGaBe. GReenFielDs B.v., tHe netHeRlanDs. MaRCo HazenKaMP. tenCate GeosyntHetiCs nl B.v., tHe netHeRlanDs. (to ConFiRM)

abstract : The paper addresses the use of the novel harmonised Dutch design procedure for road base reinforcement applied to a geocell product. This product consists of a geotextile module of 5.5 cm depth, divided into dozens of equal-sized fixed floor compartments per square metre that may be filled with any type of infill. The laboratory testing programme on the geocell product and the conversion into input parameters for structural design are presented. The application of the results in the design of a reinforced road base and a subsurface of an artificial turf pitch are shown. The paper demonstrates to what level the investigated cellular confinement system may lead to improvement of the layer stiffness and may be an appropriate approach for building good performing roads (paved and unpaved) and sport pitches in situations where high class building and infill materials are not readily available.

ovErviEW oN variability of gEosyNtHEtic aPPlicatioNs usED iN iNfrastructurE ProjEcts iN PolaND

j. KaWaleC silesian univeRsity oF teCHnoloGy, PolanD; tensaR inteRnational s.R.o., CzeCH RePuBliC.

abstract : Paper presents several applications of geosynthetics used on infrastructure projects in Poland. Several sections of motorways completed within last two decades in Poland was a kind of large testing ground for various types of geosynthetics used to solve different geotechnical problems. Nearly 500 million square meters of various geosynthetics were installed in country since year 2000. Paper discuss selected solutions including embankment base stabilisation, embankment slope reinforcement, pressure reduction on bridge abutment, slope erosion protection and others. Discussion with achieved results and lessons learned from time perspective are also included.

traitEmENt DEs zoNEs PélitiquEs sur lE tracé Du lgv Par uN géocomPositE étaNcHE

P. BRoCHieR, j.l. MiCHauX, teRaGeos, FRanCe.C. el iRaKi. valteCH, MoRoCCo.

abstract : In Morocco the high-speed train TGV project rail link connects Tanger to Casablanca with many earthworks embankments or cuttings. The route crosses sensitive geotechnical areas including of clayey areas, especially clay detrital sedimentary materials called pelites. In the presence of water, these materials may develop swelling pressures and cause movements of ground impact structures. This is why an isolation by geosynthetics solution has been developed and implemented in areas of excavation.

ONCF project management, SNCF International, EGIS Rail project management, construction companies, oriented themselves towards a geocomposite product complying with the specifications, provided by the company Valtech and manufactured in France by the manufacturer Terageos.The product called terapro 300 E10 500, isolates the soil foundation of water infiltration. This product serves as mechanical protection and waterproofing between a ground support in pelite and barrier materials.This geosynthetic product is rot in the ground and durable thanks to its constitution in polypropylene nonwoven geotextiles and high-density polyethylene geomembrane of 1 mm thick.The shear strength between the outer layers of geotextile and the waterproof geomembrane in- between is achieved through a factory assembly process. This shear strength provided by the manufacturing of the geocomposite reinforces the stability of the Foundation by removing landslides plans that would exist between independent geomembrane and geotextiles. The geotextiles each part of the geocomposite protect the waterproof geomembrane from the punching of ground and compaction.The lengths of rolls were tailored to the different fill, so as to limit connections. Installation is easy and quick to lay because of the geocomposite manufactured in one piece. A quantity of nearly 300000 m2 was laid in 2016.

EffEct of gEosyNtHEtic oN tHE PErformaNcE of tHE EmbaNkmENt crossiNg locally WEak zoNEs

F. BeRRaBaH. Mn2i2s laBoRatoRy, univeRsity oF BisKRa, alGeRia. s. BenMeBaReK. Mn2i2s laBoRatoRy, univeRsity oF BisKRa, alGeRia.n. BenMeBaReK. Mn2i2s laBoRatoRy, univeRsity oF BisKRa, alGeRia. (to ConFiRM)

abstract : This paper is interested by numerical analysis using PLAXIS code of geosynthetic reinforced embankment crossing a section of about 11 km on sabkha soil of Chott El Hodna in Algeria. The site observations and the geotechnical investigations indicated that the soil of this sabkha is characterized by high compressibility, low bearing capacity and contains locally weak zones of limited extent. The use of the geosynthetics in the construction of this embankment was found to have very relevant reinforcing effect by increasing the bearing capacity of the subgrade to allow for safe construction of the first layers of the embankment and allowing the cross of locally weak zone. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reinforcement on the reduction of differential settlements induced by the weak zones. The results show that the effectiveness of the reinforcement depends mainly on the appearance of the arching effect within the embankment fill.

basal rEiNforcEmENt WitH gEogriDs ovEr soft soils - kiNkala-miNDouli roaD casE History (coNgo)a. PlastRe. FRanCe MaCCaFeRRi. valanCe, FRanCe. aleXanDRe.P. Pezzano. oFFiCine MaCCaFeRRi s.P.a. zola PReDosa (Bo), italy. a. GRiMoD. FRanCe MaCCaFeRRi. valanCe, FRanCe. (to ConFiRM)

abstract : It is nowadays evident that geosynthetics can be used on road works in order to provide reinforcement, separation, drainage or filtration. This paper describes an innovative design approach to define the best geogrid that must be used to reinforce embankments overs soft soils. The case of the national road built between the cities of Kinkala and Mindouli (Congo) is presented. For this project, polyester-core geogrids (ParaLink) were designed and installed at the interface between the foundation soil and the road embankment base. These reinforcements were designed to guarantee the stability of the soil structure against shear



and circular internal failures, sliding at the base and global stability. ParaLink geogrids were defined using an Ultimate Limit State (ULS) software, developed by Maccaferri, which is based on the partial coefficients introduced by the British Standard and the Eurocode. Thanks to this technique it was possible to reduce the installation time: excavation operations were limited, and the volume of granular material used to replace the existing soil was negligible.

coNstructioN DE la NatioNalE kigali-gatuNa- fraNcHissEmENt DEs marais

lauRent saKou, HuesKeR syntHetiC GMBH, GeRMany.MiCHel MBessa, CHeF De DéPaRteMent De Génie Civil De l’ensP De yaounDé, CaMeRoun.RoMain DuRanD, HuesKeR sas, FRanCe.aMel BelinGa, CaBinet MeDou, Bet, CaMeRoun.RéMy zeH, MinistèRe Des tRavauX PuBliCs, CHeF De la Cellule De veille teCHnoloGique, CaMeRoun.GiusePPe, ReDstone ltD, RWanDa.

abstract : La solution des remblais renforcés sur les marais (sols compressibles) représente une alternative écologique, économique et technique intéressante dans les projets dínfrastructures routières en Afrique. La route nationale Kigali-Gatuna d’une longueur de 80 km fait partie du réseau primaire d’intérêt international qui relie le Rwanda à l’Ouganda. La section du projet qui se situe dans le corridor nord pays reliant Kigali au port international de Mombasa a été réalisée en 2015. Cette section traverse trois grands marais dúne longueur totale de 1900 ml constituée de différentes couches de sols compressibles dúne profondeur totale allant jusqu´à 9m. Le présent article illustre les résultats des reconnaissances géotechniques et résultats des analyses technico-économiques des variantes envisagées dans ce projet par le bureau d´étude technique. Les motivations ayant abouties au choix de la solution de couche de remblai renforcé par géogrilles comme technique adéquate de franchissement des trois marais. La conception, la modélisation des matériaux de renforcements afin dássurer les stabilités, les détails et les dispositions constructives de lóuvrage routier sont présentés.

comParaisoN ENtrE gEotExtillEs Et gEogrillEs utilisEs Pour lE rENforcEmENt DEs cHausséEs souPlEs

BouaCHa naDjet DéPaRteMent Génie Civil, FaCulté Des sCienCes et teCHnoloGies, univeRsité MeD CHeRiF MessaeDia souK aHRas alGeRia.

abstract : L’utilisation des géotextiles dans le domaine de la géotechnique s’est accrue ces dernières années à cause du bon rapport masses/performances/prix présenté par ces matériaux. On distingue les géo membranes utilisées pour leurs qualités d’étanchéité ou de perméabilité et les géotextiles utilisés pour leurs fonctions mécaniques. Ce sujet consistera à comparer deux types de géosynthétiques utilisés dans le renforcement des chaussées les geoxtilles et les geogrilles à travers une modélisation numérique, en utilisant le logiciel Plaxis basé sur les éléments finis. La comparaison portera sur les paramètres de contraintes radiales, contraintes verticales, déplacements et contraintes aux interfaces.

PErformaNcE EvaluatioN of gEogriD stabilizED uNPavED roaDs

l. vollMeRt. BBG BauBeRatunG GeoKunststoFFe GMBH & Co. KG, esPelKaMP, GeRMany. j. KloMPMaKeR. BBG BauBeRatunG GeoKunststoFFe GMBH & Co. KG, esPelKaMP, GeRMany.a. eMeRsleBen. ClaustHal univeRsity oF teCHnoloGy, ClaustHal-zelleRFelD, GeRMany.

abstract : Unbound base courses are subject to high cyclic-dynamic stresses resulting from traffic loads. As they cannot absorb tensile forces, they can be reinforced if necessary. To clarify the influence of the reinforcement, field measurements, systematic large-scale tests and cyclic triaxial tests were carried out. In the initial state of the reinforcing effect, the provable strain and tensile stress of the reinforcement remains small. Nevertheless, tensile and structural stiffness has been found to dominate (beside the granular material itself) the overall behaviour of the stabilized base course material. Under the identified stress and deformation conditions, controlled cyclic triaxial tests show that the reinforcement reduces the plastic deformations by more than 30 % and thus influences the serviceability significantly.

DEsigN mEtHoD for tEmPorary WorkiNg Platform usiNg gEosyNtHEtics

P. RiMolDi, P. Pezzano, oFFiCine MaCCaFeRRi sPa, italy.n. BRusa, MaCCaFeRRi ltD, uniteD KinGDoM.

abstract : Working platforms are temporary structures that provide a suitable foundation for heavy construction plant, working machines (e.g. piling rig and cranes) and temporary construction elements (e.g. temporary lifting bridge or staging areas). Working platforms can be greatly improved by including high strength reinforcing geosynthetics. This paper will describe some design consideration for these types of foundation structures which have a critical safety role in the construction industry. Some successful case histories will be presented at the end of the paper. Those case histories will present the soundness of this design method which is now well known around Europe, North America and Asia.

oPtimum sHaPE aND DimENsioNs of gcE coNfiNiNg DuNE saND iN roaD layEr

M. KeBaili. evRnza laBoRatoRy, univeRsity oF ouaRGla, alGeRia.s. taBti. aFiteX-alGeRie, alGeRia.

abstract : The study carried out is a contribution on searching for the optimal layout of a geocell introduced into dune sand layer, so as to reinforce it. The aimed objective is to balance cohesion default of the dune sand and make it possibly usable as roadway layer. The geocell / dune sand compound is designed so as that sand constitutes matrix material supporting roadway applied charges, and the geocell ensures confinement of the sand. The achieved investigation is based on series of laboratory tests inspired by the so-called CBR test. The tested specimens are made of dune sand reinforced by geosynthetic cell. Punching resistance is measured for various shapes and sizes of the geocell. The results show an optimal form and dimensions of the geocell introduced into the sand. The compound is proved almost comparable to tuff material currently used as pavement layer in the southern regions of Algeria.

room b-tHEmE 4 : rEiNforcED Walls (suitE 1)

fiElD bEHaviour of a full scalE iNstrumENtED msE Wall WitH gEostriP soil rEiNforcEmENt

jayaKRisHnan P.v., MaCCaFeRRi MiDDle east llC, uae.

abstract : Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) Wall systems are characterized by soil reinforcement material, stress transfer mechanism, extensibility of soil reinforcement and type of facing. Presently, soil reinforcement materials are classified as either extensible



(e.g. geogrid) and inextensible (e.g. Steel strip) and are analysed using tie back wedge method and coherent gravity methods respectively. Although existing guidelines like BS:8006-2010 or AASHTO-LRFD doesn’t prescribe a definite method of analysis for geostrip reinforced soil structures, general practice is to design using the Coherent Gravity Method. This paper presents the findings of research work done on a full scale instrumented MSE wall structure with geostrips, in Jundiai, Brazil. The broad objective of the testing program was to find out the real stresses acting on geostrips and at connections; and to compare with the theatrical values predicted as per coherent gravity method of BS:8006-2010, the ‘code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and other fills’.

iNfluENcE of tHE backfill comPactioN oN sEismic rEsistaNcE of squarE-sHaPED gEocEll rEiNforcED soil rEtaiNiNg Walls EmbEDDED iN saNDy aND gravElly backfill matErials

CHRistian HaussneR, oRiental Consultants GloBal, jaPan.

abstract : A series of 1-g shaking table model tests were conducted on square-shaped geocell RS RWs backfilled with Silica Sand No.7 and Gravel No.5 with compaction degrees between 89% and 100%. Additionally, for comparison purposes, the results were compared to conventional geogrid RS RWs and T-shape RWs. It was determined that the predominant failure mode of the square-shaped geocell RS RW with well compacted backfill was overturning with a small sliding component. Moreover, it was determined that the square-shaped geocell RS RWs with well compacted backfill perform considerably better than the conventional geogrid RS RWs and T-shape RWs, showing little wall facing deformation and backfill settlement. The results also suggest that although a lower compaction degree results in a lower seismic resistance of the RWs, the square-shaped geocell with poorly compacted backfill performs better than the conventional T-shape RWs and geogrid RS RWs.

somE casE stuDiEs of gEosyNtHEtic solutioNs DEaliNg WitH laNDsliDEs aND uNstablE sloPEs iN NortH algEria

RoMain DuRanD, aRaB RaBaH, HuesKeR, FRanCe.

abstract : The efficiency and the sustainability of geosynthetics in the reinforcement applications are now well demonstrated. Standards, according to the Eurocode 7, give a framework for designs and facilitate the work of the engineer. In this article, we present case studies where geosynthetics solution are designed, compared to other methods and finally implemented on site for mitigation and/or rehabilitation of road affected by landslides.

étuDE Et coNfortEmENt D’uN glissEmENt DE tErraiN

coNcEPtioN Et DimENsioNNEmENt

HaKiM BouMezoueD, BeGeteCH, alGeRia.

abstract : Au nord de l’Algérie, la majorité des routes se développent dans des terrains très accidentés topographiquement couplé à une géologie très difficile. Les matériaux rencontrés sont des matériaux évolutifs constitués de flysch, de pélite, d’argilites, de schistes, de marnes, d’argiles, etc. Si nous associons ces particularités à des apports d’eau abondants, nous nous trouvons face à des versants et des talus instables. Nous présenterons un glissement survenu sur le CW 162 qui s’inscrit dans un versant et qui est un axe routier stratégique dans la willaya de Ain Defla. Ce dernier a fait l’objet de nombreux traitements sans aucune efficacité. Lors des intempéries de l’hiver 2012, l’instabilité a évolué au point ou la route était coupée pendant plusieurs jours.

Dans notre communication, nous exposerons l’étude hydro géotechnique, les solutions de confortement envisagées, la solution retenue, son dimensionnement et sa mise en œuvre.

aNcHoragE DEsigN for rEiNforcEmENt gEosyNtHEtics oN tHE crEst of WatErtigHt sloPE

alain HeRault, loW & BonaR, FRanCe.

abstract : The anchorage design for reinforcement geosynthetics on the crest of watertight slopes is particularly required in the following applications : basal reinforcement of waste containment cell in case of piggy backing, skin reinforcement under geomembrane over rocky slopes, topsoil layer stabilization over watertight slopes which is the most usual application of reinforcement geosynthetics in ponds and waste landfills. The French design standard (NF G 38067) for this latest application has just been reviewed, it describes all design interfaces, requirements levels from the final user and their consequences, calculation rules for geosynthetic performances and anchorage geometry.In the same time, a working group of the French ministry of environment working over design rules of piggy backing in waste landfills including anchorage issues of reinforcement geosynthetics is close to end up its guidelines. The goal of this paper is to provide to geosynthetics users an overview of anchorage issues met in waste landfills applications with examples of what can be done and what can’t be done.

Probabilistic aNalysis of rEiNorcED sloPE

KHaoula BouDiaF, univeRsity oF BisKRa, alGeRie.

abstract : The paper presents results of simple geosynthetic reinforced soil slopes using the shear strength reduction technique in combination with the finite element method (FEM).Results indicate that large reductions in probability of failure by adding geosynthetic reinforcement. Also the effect of variability of soil friction angle on probabilistic results for unreinforced and reinforced purely frictional soil slopes was investigated. Reinforced slopes with horizontal layers of geosynthetic reinforcement can have different mechanisms of failure. In this paper two major mechanisms of failure of reinforced slopes are investigated. External mechanisms occur when the critical slip surface passes beyond the reinforced zone Internal mechanisms are characterised by failure surfaces that intersect all of the reinforcement layers. probabilistic slope stability analysis of these two mechanisms is carried out using Monte Carlo simulation of slopes with different purely frictional soils.

uNDErWatEr iNstallatioN of ErosioN coNtrol systEms for WatErfroNt aND coastal structurEs

oMaR naCiRi, BBG BauBeRatunG GeoKunststoFFe, GeRMany.abstract : Quay walls are an important linkage between

onshore and offshore logistics of global trading systems and its serviceability must be ensured by any means. The moveable bottom of waterfront structures is affected by scour as a removal of sediments by hydrodynamic forces. Also other waterfront structures like seawalls, piers, pipelines, harbour inlet and outlet structures or offshore wind energy foundations (e.g. mono-piles) are affected by scouring processes. This paper presents several submerged geosynthetic systems used as effective protection against erosion and scour, such as: mattress fascinated with rock, geosynthetic mattresses containing sand and geosynthetic containers (GSC). Successful geosynthetic scour protection



room b - tEcHNical committEE oN HyDraulic aPPlicatioN (tc-H)

gEosyNtHEtics for caNal aND rivEr baNk ErosioN coNtrol

CHiWan HsieH, national PinGtunG univeRsity oF sCienCe & teCHnoloGy, taiWan.

abstract : Scouring occurs naturally as part of the morphological changes in rivers and as the result of man-made structures. The resistance of the confining ground of rivers and canals against hydraulic actions must be examined in each case and protection methods must be provided to achieve adequate resistance and stability. Therefore, special measures are needed to avoid scour and erosion and guarantee bed, bank and overbank zone stability. To avoid unfavorable actions by the water, the hydraulic action must be reduced or the resistance increased. The main geotextile applications in scour and erosion protection include use as a filter below an armour layer and geosynthetic fabric used as containers. In many cases geosynthetics can support or improve the functionality of hydraulic construction. The best solution is often to combine vegetative with «technical» elements like hard armour or geotextiles. In all cases, geosynthetic element placement must be done with care, especially if the installation is under water to provide strong and long lasting structures.

tHE cHoicE of gEosyNtHEtics for aPPlicatioNs iN Dam ENgiNEEriNg

PietRo RiMolDi, Consultant, italy & FRanCesCo Fontana, ManiFattuRa Fontana, italy.

abstract : The first large earth dam using geosynthetic materials was built in 1970 in France, where geotextiles were designed as filters on the upstream slope between the rocks and the earth fill and on the down stream slope around the maindrains. Since then many dams were built using geotextile filters. Over the past forty years geosynthetics have been applied for the construction and repair of several dams across the world, in applications related to all functions afforded by geosynthetics. The paper presents the different

applications of geosynthetics in dam engineering, based on their primary functions, from reinforcement to filtration, separation and protection, from drainage to barrier, to surface erosion control. Criteria for design, selection and specifications of the required geosynthetics are provided.

tHE cHoicE of gEosyNtHEtics for HyDraulic aPPlicatioNs iN roaDWay systEms

joRGe zoRnBeRG, joRGe zoRnBeR, univeRsity oF teXas at austin, usa.

abstract : Use of geosynthetics can be effective in mitigating moisture-induced distress in roadways, which is one of the major causes of premature pavement failure. Yet geosynthetics are underutilized as a means to provide internal drainage within the structure of roadway systems. In this paper, the results of a survey of US State Departments of Transportation are presented to provide a basis for understanding the current use of geotextiles in roadway applications. An overview is then provided on the use of geosynthetics in subsurface drainage applications, which is probably among the most common applications of geosynthetics in hydraulic applications (even though geosynthetics are rarely used to provide in-plane drainage, but as a filter of the drainage system). A summary is given of the various possible functions that benefit the structural section of a roadway, including geosynthetics used with a hydraulic function. The survivability of geosynthetics has been recognized by transportation agencies as an important topic, and a recent example is provided of a set of specifications addressing the survivability of geotextiles in roadway applications (including hydraulic applications). Better understanding of the interaction between geosynthetics and unsaturated soils has led to new advances in geosynthetic manufacturing, including the development of geotextiles with enhanced lateral drainage (ELD), which this paper reviews as well. The advent of geosynthetics with ELD capabilities is particularly promising for roadway applications, as these products allow lateral drainage under unsaturated soil conditions and can facilitate drainage even under conditions of reverse gradient caused, for example, by differential settlements.

tHE cHoicE of gEosyNtHEtics for aPPlicatioNs iN coastal ENgiNEEriNg

PietRo RiMolDi, oFFiCine MaCCaFeRRi sPa, italy. eDoaRDo zannoni, MaCCaFeRRi aFRiCa, soutH aFRiCa.

abstract : Geosynthetics systems for coastal protection have been developed over 20 years ago and in recent years there has been an increasing use of these materials for the construction of coastal protection structures. The design of geosynthetics for coastal protection requires the definition of their required mechanical and hydraulic properties, and to perform stability analyses to ensure that the structure will not reach ultimate or serviceability limits under the actions of water pressure, waves, gravity. The paper presents the geosynthetics systems for coastal protection presently available on the market, their main applications, and the required design procedures. Case histories from Africa of successful use of Geosynthetics systems for coastal protection complete the paper.

tHE cHoicE of gEosyNtHEtics for HorizoNtal aND vErtical DraiNagE

saM allen, tRi enviRonMental, inC., usa.abstract : Drainage geosynthetics are widely used in

many geotechnical application areas requiring horizontal or vertical flow. Wick drains, or prefabricated vertical drains, are often used instead of sand drains, and sheet drains behind retaining walls are also common for vertical flow applications. Drainage geosynthetics are used in controlled landfills, in roads, railways, airports, tunnels, and buildings for lateral or horizontal flow. Drainage systems with geosynthetics are used within a performance envelope between the extreme

systems have been realized for a variety of projects, if designed properly and performed material characteristics are chosen.

ProtEctioN gEotExtilEs for gEomEmbraNEs iN laNDfill aPPlicatioNs

Kent P. von MauBeuGe, naue GMBH & Co. KG, GeRMany.

abstract : Geomembranes are often used in civil engineering applications to create a hydraulic barrier. With nearly all protection-layer systems, deformations occur in the geomembrane which need to be quantitatively assessed by reference to the indentations. The geomembranes basic function is to remain impervious over the entire design life of the project. However, mechanical stresses induced by confined materials could produce a deformation of the membrane and in critical situations, could ultimately puncture it. A protection geosynthetic needs to be designed in consideration of the specified geomembrane and its thickness as well as in consideration of the soil material (typically mineral drainage layer) and the surcharge placed above. Inappropriate selection of the protection geotextile can result in a failure, e.g. puncture of the lining material. Several methods of determining puncture protection are described in different standards. This paper will describe the design-related approach for protection layers and explain the concept of one specific test. Overall this paper will give a closer insight of this design-oriented test method.



mechanical damage tests) was evaluated by visual inspection, by tensile tests and by static puncture tests. Results showed the occurrence of significant reductions in the mechanical properties of the geosynthetics after the mechanical damage tests (some correlations were established between the damage suffered by the materials and the characteristics of the soils). The reductions provoked by corundum tended to be more pronounced than those induced by the other soils.

tEcHNical risk maNagEmENt liNkED to uNDErgrouND cavitiEs: gyPsum DissolutioN PHENomENoN aND gEotExtilE rEiNforcEmENt

zaGHouani KaMel, teRRasol, tunisie.

abstract : During the construction of a recent highway A3 « TUNIS - MEJEZ EL BAB, Tunisia », karstic cavities were found on a section of about 3 kilometres. The geotechnical and geological data showed that the detected cavities are randomly distributed with varied shapes and depths. The hydrogeological study showed the presence of heavy water activities. Thus, strong dissolutions have been generated in the gypsum soil leading to apparent or non-apparent collapses. Control risks associated with cavities in their current state has been dealt with an injection of fillers. In order to avoid the risks of accidents that might result from the future development of those cavities, reinforcement of the road bedding layers by under lying geo-synthetic materials was considered. The reinforcement aimed to limit the surface settlement to allow traffic circulation until repairing works. This paper presented the adopted technical solution in terms of assumptions and design methods.

EvaluatioN of PavEmENt WitH gEogriD stabilizED basE WitHiN iNitial PHasE of traffickiNg

M. GRyGieReK silesian univeRsity oF teCHnoloGy, PolanD. j. KaWaleC silesian univeRsity oF teCHnoloGy, PolanD.

abstract : Pavement’s fatigue life is depended on stiffness of every layer which is parts of the structure. It’s also recognized that immutability of mechanical properties of pavement layers for maximum possible period of time during trafficking are very important. It is assumed that unbound aggregate base stabilized by stiff monolithic geogrid allows to achieve both (I) higher stiffness of aggregate and (II) extension in time of immutability of such stiffness for whole designed pavement life, even in case of periodical variations in subsoil condition. Unfortunately stabilizing effect of geogrid to aggregate achieved by grain interlocking in stiff apertures of grid during movement of these particles under traffic for pavement in Poland still needs some additional experimental research oriented on verification of the effect. For this reason an experimental section of road with pavement containing base aggregate stabilized by geogrid and trafficked by heavy vehicles was constructed in Poland. This paper discuss initial phase of trafficking in light of ‘on site’ measurement including pavement deflection test and reading from gauges installed within pavement layers at the time of construction.

tHE usE of gEosystEms iN coastliNE ProtEctioN iN algEria

eDWin zenGeRinK, tenCate GeosyntHetiCs, netHeRlanDs.

abstract : In Azzefoun in Algeria the beach is suffering a lot under erosion. Due to coastline protection and creation of a friendly beach a sustainable solution had to be chosen in this environment. The local studying office LEM, Laboratoire d”Etude Maritimé, made a very accurate study of the coastline in that area. For a making a sustainable solution a break water with specific dimensions was chosen. They performed a hydrological and bathometry survey of the area. Also some numerical modeling was done the make choice in the best applicable solution. Based on the study the application

WEDNEsDay - mErcrEDi 11 - 10 - 2017

room a - tHEmE 5 : traNsPortatioN iNfrastructurE (suitE )

DraiNagE by vErtical gEosyNtHEtic DraiNs of tHE ProjEct of aEroDromE of algiErs

KHeliFi MosseDeK, saiD taBti aFiteX alGeRia.

abstract : As regards the expansion Project of Algiers Aerodrome, the study makes provision for a new passengers’ terminal area, the aim of the project is to develop the necessary infrastructures at Algiers Airport to meet a demand of 10 million passengers per year. The geological and geotechnical campaign of the project area has consisted of a series of on-site investigations (drilling, static pressure-meter and penetro-meter tests and all laboratory analyses).This campaign has enabled us to notice that the soil at the place of the project is generally formed of very saturated clay, in order to allow the appropriate reinforcement of the soil, it was necessary to make reinforcement of this clay by overload to discharge pore waters contained in the soil.The natural reinforcement process may take many months, and even many years.The installation of vertical drains may radically increase the reinforcement speed and thus allow reduce works deadlines by many months and, thus, minimize the project costs.The vertical drain is a drainage geocomposite intended to reinforce the soils and is vertically sunk into the soil and designed to ensure a continuing drainage. It is made up of a polyethylene thermoformed honeycombed structure, surrounded by polypropylene geotextile filter, functioning following the capillarity principle, these drains serve as preferential canal in order to discharge water across the soil surface where it can be confined and discharged around the reinforcement site. The water discharge capacity of these drains may exceed the hydraulic capacity of sand columns with 150 mm diameter. The installation of this kind of drains may reach few tens of meters depth following the soil specific geology found. Following the type of soil in surface….

rEsistaNcE of gEosyNtHEtics agaiNst mEcHaNical DamagE uNDEr rEPEatED loaDiNg iN DiffErENt soils

j.R. CaRneiRo. ConstRuCt-Geo, FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, univeRsity oF PoRto, PoRtuGal. F.M. violante. FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, univeRsity oF PoRto, PoRtuGal. M.l. loPes. ConstRuCt-Geo, FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, univeRsity oF PoRto, PoRtuGal.

abstract : The installation process (which many times induces mechanical damage) may cause unwanted changes in the short-term behaviour of the geosynthetics. In this work, three geosynthetics (a woven geotextile, a nonwoven geotextile and a geogrid) were subjected to mechanical damage under repeated loading tests (tests mainly according to EN ISO 10722) with corundum and with five natural soils (silty sand, sand 0/4, tout-venant, gravel 4/8 and gravel 6/14). The damage occurred in the geosynthetics (in the

cases of drainage along a sub-horizontal plane and along a vertical plane; between a hydraulic gradient close to zero and a hydraulic gradient of 1. The type and design of geosynthetic drain employed for a project depend on the hydraulic gradient encountered , the compressive pressure applied to the planar drain and the materials adjacent to the planar drainage geosynthetic when installed. To verify the proper drain has been selected, an evaluation of the drainage capacity available under actual operating conditions is performed. The drainage capacity can be assessed on the basis of appropriate laboratory tests, while the required flow rate is evaluated on the basis of hydrological and hydraulic considerations.





room b - tHEmE 6 : rEiNforcEmENt of suPErficial fouNDatioNs

gEotExtilE ENcasED columNs for solviNg Difficult gEotEcHNical ProblEms

PietRo RiMolDi, Consultant, italy.

abstract : Geotextile encased columns (GEC) include a high strength, creep resistant, seamless woven geotextile encasement that confines the compacted sand or gravel column thereby providing easy constructability and high bearing capacity even in extremely soft soil. The GEC system can resist the radial horizontal stresses in the columns through the circumferential resistance of the high strength geotextile. GEC can also act as large diameter vertical drains, which can speed up the settlement and consolidation process. GEC have been used so far mostly for soil improvement in foundation systems, road embankment foundations, dike construction; but the performance of GEC has not yet been exploited to their full potential. The present paper is aimed to discuss the capacity of GEC to improve the shear resistance of weak soils in problems of global stability of slopes and to reduce the heave potential of expansive clays. The latter problem has not found a proper solution so far. Few projects are presented, where the capacities of GEC have been used to solve very difficult geotechnical problems. Design criteria are presented, showing that GEC can be used in a wide range of geotechnical applications.

iNvEstigatioN of bEariNg caPacity bEHavior of gEogriD rEiNforcED rEtaiNiNg Walls

M. zieGleR. GeoteCHniCal enGineeRinG, RWtH aaCHen univeRsity, GeRMany.

j. DeRKsen. GeoteCHniCal enGineeRinG, RWtH aaCHen univeRsity, GeRMany.o. DeteRt. HuesKeR syntHetiC GMBH, GesCHeR, GeRMany.H. HanGen. HuesKeR syntHetiC GMBH, GesCHeR, GeRMany.

abstract : Most design codes such as EBGEO (2010) and BS8006 (2010) assume a multi-body failure mechanism below a quasi-monolithic reinforced block securing adequate bearing capacity for retaining walls. Due to flexible behaviour of the geogrid reinforcement the assumption of a rigid foundation base is questionable. Consequently, the bearing capacity behaviour of reinforced walls requires a review. Laboratory model tests are carried out to illustrate the failure kinematics of reinforced and cantilever retaining structures qualitatively. A path-controlled punching force is increased on top of the structure until post failure of the subsoil is observed. The deformations of the soil are evaluated with digital image correlation (DIC) method. First results visualize the development of shear bands during bearing capacity failure. An improved bearing capacity resistance is observed with increasing geogrid anchorage length. Moreover, the comparison of rigid and flexible structures indicate an influence of the foundation element stiffness on occurring failure modes.

a talE of tWo briDgEs : comParisoN bEtWEEN tHE sEismic PErformaNcE of flExiblE aND rigiD briDgE abutmENts

a.M. MoRsy. DePaRtMent oF Civil, aRCHiteCtuRal, anD enviRonMental enGineeRinG, tHe univeRsity oF teXas at austin, usa. j.G. zoRnBeRG. DePaRtMent oF Civil, aRCHiteCtuRal, anD enviRonMental enGineeRinG, tHe univeRsity oF teXas at austin, usa.

abstract : The number of bridges constructed on geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) abutments has greatly increased over the past decade, largely because of their good performance and comparatively low costs. While significant emphasis has been placed on understanding the behaviour of GRS bridge abutments under static loading conditions, many aspects of their potential use in seismic-susceptible areas should still be investigated. This study provides a field condition survey conducted on two similar bridges constructed in a highly seismic region in Chile after being hit by the 27 February 2010 Maule Earthquake. The bridges surveyed include a bridge supported by GRS abutments and a conventional bridge supported by piled concrete abutments. It was concluded that GRS bridge abutments would likely mitigate the dynamic horizontal forces induced by bridge superstructures. Overall, based on this comparative field evaluation, GRS bridge abutments were found to provide a better response for bridges located in highly seismic-susceptible areas.

laboratory moDEl tEsts oN sHalloW footiNgs rEstiNg oN gEosyNtHEtic rEiNforcED rEPlacEmENt soil ovErlyiNg loosE saND

Hussein, M.K. teaCHinG assistant anD PHD CanDiDate, FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, CaiRo univeRsity, eGyPt.el-sHeRBiny, R. assoCiate PRoFessoR oF GeoteCHniCal enGineeRinG, FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, CaiRo univeRsity, eGyPt. aMeR, M. i. PRoFessoR oF GeoteCHniCal enGineeRinG, FaCulty oF enGineeRinG, CaiRo univeRsity, eGyPt.

abstract : This paper presents the results of laboratory model tests to investigate the performance of shallow resting on geosynthetic reinforced replacement soil overlying loose sand. The model tests are conducted 1250 mm long, 400 mm wide, and 800 mm deep steel tank. A strip footing is simulated using a 30 mm 100 mm wide, and 380 mm long steel plate. The purpose of the testing program is to determine the the configuration of reinforced replacement soil on improvement in bearing capacity and settlement

of geosystems had been approved. They wrote a tender specification for this project and hydrological filled tubes systems are applied in the construction of the breakwater. In the paper we describe the design process for the systems that will being used in this project. It shows that after several years of performance that these systems very well can being applied in sandy coasts. This application is an opening for the African continent where with sandy coast a lot of erosion can happen. With these elements good structures can being constructed without the transport of huge quantities of rocks. This means very sustainable solutions can being built for coastline protection. Especially in areas where there is a lack of proper rock material with sand and geosynthetic materials proper solutions can being constructed.

tHE usE of abroaD staNDarDs iN soutH africa for soil rEiNforcEmENt aPPlicatioNs

eDoaRDo zannoni, MaCCaFeRRi aFRiCa, soutH aFRiCa.

abstract : In 2006 South Africa have adopted the BS 8006:1995 with changes to suit local conditions; nevertheless, recently the needed to update the standard and the new regulations in terms of adoption of foreign standard has required a national annex for both the BS 8006-1:2012 and the EN 14475. As both standards are based on European conditions, which do not prevail in South Africa and in Southern Africa, an assessment have been conducted to ensure the compatibility between abroad and local engineering and construction standards in current engineering practice. From different category of structures to high volume rainfall areas and tropical soils as well as different laboratory tests; the paper aims to highlight the major amendments required to be accepted in South Africa comparing South Africa engineering guidelines and the ones mentioned in the standards in order to highlight differences which might lead to an incorrect or not suitable design for such project.




of footing, and to assess available methods for calculating the improved bearing capacity. The number reinforcement layers (N = 1, 2, 3), length of reinforcement relative to footing width (L/B = 6, 4, thickness of the replacement soil relative to footing width (d/B = 1.2, 1.5, 1.8) are considered. A punching shear failure mechanism is observed in the laboratory tests for unreinforced soil, which tends to fade number of reinforcement layers increase. Improvements in observed settlement occurred at settlements beyond 10% of the footing width. Increase in bearing capacity ratios due to increasing the number reinforcement layers, length of reinforcement, and thickness of replacement soil is discussed. Available methods for calculating the improved bearing capacity are compared and adjustments are proposed.

EffEcts of gEosyNtHEtic liNEr oN sEismic PErformaNcE of loW-risE builDiNg : ExPErimENtal stuDy

a.eDinClileR. DePaRtMent oF eaRtHquaKe enGineeRinG, BoGaziCi univeRsity, tuRKey. M.CaliKoGlu. DePaRtMent oF eaRtHquaKe enGineeRinG, BoGaziCi univeRsity, tuRKey.

abstract : Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI) systems can be regarded as distributed seismic isolation systems which involve isolating the entire contact surface of the foundation. As one of GSI material, geosynthetic liners placed under foundations can absorb seismic energy and transmit smaller ground motions to an overlying structure. This study is specifically focused on the foundation isolation with geosynthetics which can be easy to applicate for low-rise buildings. Shaking table tests were performed to determine the effects of geosynthetics couples on the seismic performance of the low-rise building model. Firstly, a 1/10 scaled low rise building model was constructed. Geosynthetic couple was placed underneath the foundation to provide seismic protection against earthquake by absorbing the earthquake energy through sliding. The results of the shaking table tests of isolated model under the 1940 El Centro Earthquake excitations were used to compare with the unisolated model. Six performance indicators including the peak and RMS values of horizontal acceleration at the roof and the foundation as well as the first-floor inter-story drift have been chosen for comparing and evaluating the effectiveness of the geosynthetic couples. The effects of GSI material on the mitigation of seismic hazards were discussed.


ParamEtric stuDy oN sEismic PErformaNcE of loW aND miD-risE builDiNgs oN gEogriD rEiNforcED saND

a. eDinçlileR. KanDilli oBseRvatoRy anD eaRtHquaKe ReseaRCH institute, Boğaziçi univeRsity, istanBul, tuRKey. y.s. toKsoy. KanDilli oBseRvatoRy anD eaRtHquaKe ReseaRCH institute, Boğaziçi univeRsity, istanBul, tuRKey. yÖ. yilDiz. yilDiz teCHniCal univeRsity, Civil enGineeRinG DePaRtMent, İstanBul, tuRKey.

abstract : Geosynthetics are superior products that offer a great variety of solutions to geotechnical earthquake engineering problems. Among those, soil reinforcement is especially prominent. The use of geosynthetics for soil reinforcement purposes can significantly and effectively increase the stability of the foundation soil by providing an additional tensile strength to the soil mass and unique energy absorption properties. To evaluate the effect of geogrid soil reinforcement on the seismic performance of structures, a comparative numerical study was carried out. One mid-rise and one low-rise structure was modelled over a geogrid reinforced soil mass using the finite element code PLAXIS 2D and different ground motions were subjected to each model. Results of structural performances evaluated by means of structural height, ground motion type and reinforcement details reveal that the inclusion of geogrid layers for soil reinforcement purposes enhance the stability and the performance of structural models under given ground motions with substantially reduced displacements and transmitted accelerations.


sPonsors3rd african regional Conference on geosyntheticsProgram3rd african regional Conference on geosynthetics

3rd AfricAn regionAl conference on geosynthetics 28

atarfil is a global manufacturer of High Performance GEOMEMBRANES for SAFE CONTAINMENT SOLUTIONS in the areas of Waste, Water & Mining, for applications as heap leach, tailing dams, domestic and industrial waste disposal, either landfills and cappings, or critical hydraulics works.Present in more than 50 countries, ATARFIL is a world leader on flat-die manufacturing technology, providing one of the widest range of products on thermoplastic polyolefines (HDPE, LLDPE, VLDPE, PP). Geomembrane smooth, textured, coextruded, colored, conductive, reinforced, etc.

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non woven geotextiles

geo&teX 2000 is established in Italy and has become a leading manufacturer of nonwoven geotextiles , in PP or Polyester . High performance technology plants and a selected choice of raw materials are essential to offer a wide range of quality products, supported by International certifications and internal quality control laboratory. Our nonwoven geotextiles are mainly used in :

• Roads , highways , railways and airport lanes.• Waste reservoirs , artificial water basins.• Roofing.• Home and gardening.• Industrial composites.




the Public laboratory for trials and studies (lPee) was created in 1947, the focus was initially on three basic areas namely Geotechnical, Roads and Concrete building materials.Since then, the Laboratory LPEE has known a great development and has extended its activities across all areas related to civil engineering. Actually, LPEE employs around 1,000 staff, among which 300 engineers and senior technicians.The LPEE is organized into 10 Specialized Centers and 10 Regional Centers to cover the whole territory. In recent years, the LPEE started to export its expertise and its services accompanying the national operators or through partnerships with local laboratories.Le Laboratoire Public d’Essais et d’Etudes – LPEE est créé depuis 1947 pour s’occuper initialement des trois domaines de bases à savoir la géotechnique, les Routes et le Béton. Depuis, il a connu un grand développement et extension pour toutes les spécialités liés au génie civil. Actuellement, il emploie 1000 personnes dont 300 cadres et techniciens supérieurs. Il est organisé en 10 Centres Spécialisés et 10 Centres Régionaux pour couvrir tout le territoire. Depuis quelques années, il a commencé à s’exporter en accompagnant les opérateurs Nationaux ou à travers des collaborations avec les laboratoires locaux.




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NAUE-IMAGE-115x107mm-AD.pdf 1 09.05.17 14:48

naue is an ISO 9001 certified company and produces a full range of geosynthetics – Secutex® and Terrafix® geotextiles, Secugrid® geogrids, Combigrid® composite geogrids, Carbofol® HDPE geomembranes, Bentofix® geosynthetic clay liners, Bentofix® X PE-coated geosynthetic clay liners, Secudrain® geodrainage products and Secumat® erosion control mats.NAUE geosynthetics are used in various applications such as civil, environmental, hydraulic and railway engineering.NAUE has researched, developed and manufactured geosynthetics for decades and as well as manufacturing the full range of geosynthetics NAUE also provides consulting, design and installation service. We look forward to welcoming you at our booth or contact: [email protected]).




Créé en 1993, la société Riegonor est devenue une référence technique pour la conception et le développement de solutions Géosynthétiques pour l’imperméabilisation, contrôle de l’érosion et structures de soutènement.Depuis lors, Riegonor offre maintenant des solutions au niveau international pour une large gamme d’applications à savoir l’étanchéité des décharges de déchets ménagers ou industriels, Lagunage pour les stations d’épuration, Plates d’approvisionnement en minerai, Etang de terrain de golf, Bassin d’accumulation d’eau, Couverture flottante ,Stabilisation des talus , renforcement des sols, Drainage, Hydroseeding ….La devise de Riegonor est «offrir une meilleure solution pour satisfaire au mieux nos clients »; nous ne fournissons pas seulement des produits, mais travaillons en partenariat avec nos clients, en offrant une expertise technique pour fournir des solutions polyvalentes, rentable et respectueuse de l’environnement.Riegonor est au cœur du développement, Sa croissance est basée sur les valeurs de l’innovation, l’intégrité, l’excellent service et le respect de l’environnement.La vision de Riegonor est de mettre en œuvre une stratégie d’intégration verticale, de conception des solutions au sein de ses marchés cibles.




the renolit group is an international leader in the manufacture of high-quality plastic films and related products for technical applications.This independent family-owned business, which has been setting benchmarks for quality and innovation for 70 years, now employs a workforce of approximately 4,500 employees at more than 30 production sites and sales entities.RENOLIT WATERPROOFING business unit, we are a leader in the European market for synthetic waterproofing membranes. Our wide range of products, one of the largest in the sector, meets the many demands and needs of the market.Over a period of more than thirty years, our RENOLIT WATERPROOFING business unit has produced more than 300 million m² of synthetic flexible membranes and bi-oriented rigid PVC sheets for roofing, civil engineering works, swimming pools and garden ponds.




sotrafa sa has produced and supplied more than 47 million square meters of Geomembrane for a variety of hydraulic and environmental applications.Wide range of geomembranes :

• ALVATECH HDPE with a 0,75 to 3 mm thickness and a 5,8 m or 7,5 m width.• ALVATECH HYDRO HDPE with a 0,5mm to 1mm thickness, and a 6m or 8m width

folded and unfolded respectively.• ALVATECH LLDPE with a 0,75 to 3 mm thickness and a 5,8 m or 7,5 m width.• ALVATECH HYDRO LDPE with a 0,5mm to 1mm thickness, and a width of up to

12m folded.• ALVATECH ULTRAFLEXIBLE VLDPE with a 0,75 to 3mm thickness and a 5,8m or

7,5 m width.




tenCate geosynthetics is a leader in geosynthetics conception. It offers innovative solutions to worldwide markets thanks to its brands TenCate Bidim®, TenCate Miragrid, TenCate Rock®, TenCate Geolon® and TenCate Geotube®. TenCate’s geosynthetics are made with a know-how and an experience which allow answering all geotechnical demands for all types of civil engineering earthworks : road and railway structures, retaining structures, landfills tunnels, hydraulic structures. TenCate Geosynthetics develops materials which increased performance, limits the costs of works while considering the geotechnical and environmental constraints.




Converting polypropylene to performance materials since 1977, Thrace Group is one of the top producers of Technical Fabrics & Packaging Solutions in the world, providing a World of Materials and Solutions. Thrace Group member companies operate in Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas with a workforce of 1600 specialized professionals, serving over 1500 customers in a global network of more than 80 countries.A WIDE RANGE OF GEOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTS, FOR ALL CONSTRUCTION NEEDS

• Nonwoven Geotextiles.• Woven Geotextiles.• Biaxial Geogrids & Geocomposites.• Drainage Geonets & Geocomposites.• Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs).• Geobags.• Asphalt Pavement Fabric.



eXhibitors3rd african regional Conference on geosyntheticsProgram3rd african regional Conference on geosynthetics

officE couNtry tyPE bootH n°RIEGONOR MOROCCO sPonsor a00

INTERMAS SPAIN EXHIBITION a01

ATARFIL SPAIN sPonsor a02

TenCate Geosynthetics FRANCE sPonsor a03

GSE Lining Technology GmbH GERMANY EXHIBITION a04

TEMA CORPORATION ITALY EXHIBITION a05

MACCAFERRI FRANCE EXHIBITION a06

EDILFLOOR ITALY EXHIBITION a07

E’GRID CHINA EXHIBITION a08

TEXINOV FRANCE EXHIBITION a09

GEOTEXAN SPAIN EXHIBITION a10

TECHFAB INDIA EXHIBITION a11

LOW & BONAR FRANCE EXHIBITION a12

NAUE GMBH GERMANY sPonsor a13

TERRE ARMEE FRANCE EXHIBITION a14

AXTER SPAIN EXHIBITION b15

SOTRAFA SPAIN sPonsor b16

VALTECH MOROCCO EXHIBITION b17

VIGANO PAVITEX. SpA ITALY EXHIBITION b18

DIP TECHNOLOGIES FRANCE EXHIBITION b19

ECOFIBRE ITALY EXHIBITION b20

GEOMAX® ANHUI HUIFENG NEW SYNTHETIC MATERIALS CO.,LTD. CHINA EXHIBITION b21

INTERNATIIONAL GEOTEXTIL GMBH GERMANY EXHIBITION b22

MACHINA TST BELARUS EXHIBITION b23

GEO & TEX 2000 SPA ITALY sPonsor b24

RENOLIT IBERICA SPAIN sPonsor b25

FIRESTONE BELGIUM sPonsor b26

KAYTECH ENGINEERED FABRICS SOUTH AFRICA EXHIBITION C29

SIPLAST (icoplast) FRANCE EXHIBITION C30

JUTA CZECH EXHIBITION C31

VSL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS, SA SPAIN EXHIBITION C32

HUESKER SYNTHTICS GMBH GERMANY EXHIBITION C33

LEISTER TECHNOLOGIES AG SWITZERLAND EXHIBITION C33bisAFRICA ADMIR TECHNOLOGIES NETHERLAND EXHIBITION C34

AFITEX FRANCE EXHIBITION C36DAEHAN i.m. KOREA EXHIBITION C38FEICHENG LIANYI ENGINEERING PLASTICS CO., LTD CHINA EXHIBITION C39



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officE couNtry tyPE bootH n°THRACE GROUPE GREECE sPonsor C40

PIETRUCHA INTERNATIONAL POLAND EXHIBITION C41

DAEJUNG KOREA EXHIBITION C42

PLATIPUS UNITED KINGDOM EXHIBITION C43

MEGAPLAST INDIA EXHIBITION C44

ACE GEOSYNTHETICS ENTREPRISE CO, LTD CHINA EXHIBITION C45

GECAT PLASTIC FACTORY SAUDI ARABIA EXHIBITION desk-table

BEAULIEU TECHNICAL TEXTILES SA BELGIUM EXHIBITION desk-table

SHANDONG GEOSKY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD CHINA EXHIBITION desk-table

HOCK TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD CHINA EXHIBITION desk-table

ATALUS FRANCE EXHIBITION desk-table

G&G PARTNERS S.R.L. ITALY EXHIBITION desk-table

SKAPS INDUSTRIES INDIA EXHIBITION desk-table

LPEE MOROCCO sPonsor desk-table

SKZ GERMANY EXHIBITION desk-table

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afriCan regionalConferenCe ongeosynthetiCs

marrakech

sPoNsors

secretary of the moroccan Committee of geosynthetic - C.m.g

Adress : LPEE, 25 rue Azilal CasablancaE-mail : [email protected]

Phone : 00 212 5 22 54 75 81Fax : 00 212 5 22 54 75 12

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