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The Non Alignment 2.0 paper comes closer to a National Security
Strategy (NSS) than anyother document churned out by our national
security establishment. That is why its contentsmerit such
intensive scrutiny and analysis. A laudable exercise in theory, it
falls badly short
of being a viable Grand Strategy in practice. A National
Security Strategy must outline AlternativeEnd States and identify
the desired or normative end state that will maximise our
autonomyand ability to inuence outcomes. From this analysis will
emerge the, Ends, Ways, Meansequation as also our Defence Strategy,
our individual service perspective plans and
strategies.Unfortunately, the very end state dened by the Non
Alignment 2.0 Paper itself is seriouslyawed. It speaks of a new
Bipolar world order with China and the USA as the new super
powersand India as a peripheral player which must safeguard itself
by being abjectly neutral. An analysis of end states will show
this G-2 situation to be our worst case scenario, for it will
completely marginalise us and curtail our autonomy. On theother
hand, a Multipolar world order, with India as one of the poles of
power, will be a far more desirable end state that will maximiseour
autonomy and ability to inuence outcomes by sensible alignments /
re-alignments (not Non-alignment). It may be recalledthat
Multipolar world orders were in place before World War I and II.
These were characterised by precisely such rapidalignments and
re-alignments to maximise national interests in such uid and
dynamic situations. The very anchor premiseof the Non Alignment 2.0
paper therefore is tragically awed. As the paper concedes, China
abuts India, has attacked us inthe past, surrounded us
strategically in the present and is our biggest security threat.
How can India be Non-aligned withits principal security threat?
International relations (IR) theory highlights the dire need for
India today to balance the power of a rising and assertiveChina.
This can only be done by forming strong, strategic partnerships
with other countries that are threatened by the riseof China like
the USA, Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, Philippines, Australia and
Indonesia. Depending on the uid andfast changing situations, these
alignments may change rapidly. This puts the focus on alignments
and re-alignments notNon-alignment. The very title of the paper is
thus awed and out of step with the situation.
The use of force. In regressing to the Non-alignment of the
1950s / 60s, this paper also inadvertently revives a lot
ofNehruvian baggage about the role of the Use of Force as a means
of establishing order in International relations. TheNehruvian
state had crafted for itself a false National Narrative based on
Exceptionalism. It stated (incorrectly) that Indiahad obtained its
freedom byAhimsa and non-violence and as such was an exceptional
state, based not on hard power but
T he country comes f i r s t a lways and every t ime .
do--
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First two months of 2013 have been eventful for Indiaand
Indians, especially in the domain of defenceand security. Two
persons who grievously assaulted
Indias security and the well-being of its people werehanged to
death for the rst time in the history of theRepublic of India on
charges of their involvement in theconspiracy and terrorist attacks
which killed hundredsof our innocent citizens. One was Ajmal Kasab,
the only
terrorist who was caught alive during the attack on Mumbai on 26
November, 2008
and the other was Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri, for his involvement in
the conspiracyhatched in Pakistan to attack the Indian Parliament
in December, 2001. It wasnot an easy task to hang these terrorists.
One belonged to Pakistan which tried,very unsuccessfully, to deny
his existence in the face of a mountain of evidencethat Kasab was a
puppet in the hands of state actors within the Pakistan
ArmyInter-Services Intelligence.
The decision by His Excellency our President Mr Pranab Mukherjee
on the deathpenalty was one of the most laudable in the past few
decades. This one decision hasboosted the morale of our defence and
security forces as well as the common man whois always the main
victim in such terrorist attacks. There has been a complete shiftin
the mindset of our people by this one decision. The trust level in
the governmenton national security issues has been ramped up and
the nation expects that manymore such hard and pragmatic decisions
by the government and its leaders will beforthcoming in the
interest of our safety, security, defence and international
affairs.
The message must go out loud and clear that India is not a soft
state; that it isjust and fair and follows the rule of law and
respects international conventions; thatany individual, group or
country playing with the safety and security of India and
Indians will be made to pay in equal measure and more.
In the other issue that is germane to national security,
controversy over kickbacksin the purchase of the helicopters for
VVIPs has once again brought another halt tothe procurement process
to equip our defence forces with the latest equipment, armsand
ammunition. In spite of all the best measures being taken by the
government toavoid such controversies, it has happened again. It
militates against the empoweringprocess of our forces directly or
indirectly. For how long will we keep adding anddeleting names of
foreign and domestic entities on a blacklist for involvement in
anactivity which we have tried so strenuously, but ineffectually,
to stamp out? It hasbecome counter-productive and is hampering the
modernisation programme of ourdefence and security forces.
Defence Minister AK Antony has made a pertinent point that the
only way toget out of this web of intrigue is to improve our
capability of producing whatevermilitary wherewithal the Indian
defence and security forces require within thecountry. By way of
encouragement government must provide subsidies and taxbenets to
Indian manufacturers who venture into the technologically difcult
arenaof arms manufacturing. Joint ventures that are based on
transfer of technology of the
kind that has made the BrahMos missile project such a resounding
success should bethe norm rather than the exception.
As we are wrapping-up this issue another terror strike rocks
Hyderabad, killinginnocent people. Our security apparatus and
people of India must rise as one tosmoke out the perpetrators of
such heinous crimes against humanity and give themall the most
deterrent punishment in the quickest possible time so that our
energiesand resources are put to better use of nation building. The
one thing that is requiredis a strong political will to take clear,
hard and quick decisions.
Our next defence budget will be announced soon. It must have
provisions to attractmore and more Indian companies to form JVs
with the best in the world to startthe manufacturing of all
products we require within India as the route to
eventualself-sufency.
Jai Hind!
publisher's view
pawan agrawal
manvendra singh
odg do
There is a belief that things of the past can remain relevant in
the future, even if they need to be retooleda wee bit.
Institutions, organisations, alliances, all of these of the
yesteryears continue to have a relevance witha bit of retouching.
Something a little more than a rouge job. In this there is an
underlying assumption that says
the forces which made a particular association, organisation,
are still relevant decades down the line. In the worldof politics,
particularly of the international variety, there is a dynamism that
can age even the most contemporaryinstitutions. So it raises
serious questions when some theorise on a new non-alignment
movement, a version 2.0.
An independent India entered the world of diplomacy and
international relations under the shadow ofJawaharlal Nehru, the
rst Prime Minister. His persona, intellect and world view,
completely dominated Indian politics,even if it was not of the
claimed stature. Indian politicians, at that period, remained
enthralled by his extrapolations andhence, his word carried undue
weight. A number of institutions that were created in that period
continue to exist, longafter their expiry date. Even as the Indian
economy has opened up, modernised and integrated globally, the
countrycontinues to have a Planning Commission. An idea borrowed
from the concept of centralised and planned economies,the Planning
Commission has long outlived its utility. Similar is the story of
India and Non-Aligned Movement.
In the post-independence era of the 1950s and 1960s, large parts
of the newly liberated world joined together to createthe NAM. The
logic being that a country need not be a member of either of the
two competing blocs, Warsaw Pact or theNorth Atlantic Treaty
Organisation. Instead they would raise their own bloc and which
would not be aligned to either.
Theoretically it meant that the NAM countries pursued an
independent foreign and defence policy. But the realitywas always
different. And that was because the membership of NAM consisted of
countries hardly akin in anysense of the word. Some were edgling
democracies, like India; while others were regional nationalist
government,like Egypt and Arab nationalism; and then there were
dictatorships, which meant most of the NAM members. Even inthe peak
period of NAM mobilisation member countries pursued policies that
suited their interests rather than that ofa disparate
collective.
Which is really the current reality. With the demise of the
Warsaw Pact, there is no cold war and NATO is currently
engaged in out of area operations in Afghanistan. African Union
troops are frequently called upon to engage inpeacekeeping
operations in the troubled continent, as well as United Nations
peacekeepers. The lines betweenalignment and non-alignment are long
blurred. But some think it is still relevant for India, with a
little tweaking. Thebottom line being that India should pursue its
core national interests without aligning with any bloc, or country.
Thestark reality of today is that the pursuit of national interests
is all encompassing. In a globalised and integrated worldnot every
country can pursue its policies in isolation. An understanding is
required, over many issues. Then morecountries will begin to join
and create a coalition of likeminded.
K u d o s M r P r e s i d e n t !
2 March 2013 Defence AnD security Alert March 2013 Defence AnD
security Alert 3
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F E A T U R E S
Ao ida 2013, DsA ro 20
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