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Drama
A drama is a story enacted onstage for a live audience.
A drama tells a story, usually of human conflict, through dialogue and action.
“A story in dramatic form, typically emphasising conflict in key characters and written to be performed by actors” (from Harris, et al. The Literacy Dictionary, IRA, 1995)
“…three necessary elements in drama: (1) a story (2) told in action (3) by characters who impersonate the characters of the story” (Thrall and Hibbert, A Handbook to Literature, Odyssey Press,1960)
What Is Drama?
What does drama do?
• Plays on your emotions.• Asks you to believe and be involved in
it.• Makes you feel for the hero and the
heroine.• Subject matter: reflection of the
drama of everyday life – concentrates life, focuses it and holds it up for examination.
– Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem or conflict.
Dramatic StructureDramatic Structure
Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem or conflict.
Climaxpoint of highest tension;
action determines how the conflict will be resolved
Resolutionconflict is resolved;play ends
Plot: Sequence of events that develop the drama (complications)
Expositioncharacters and conflict are introduced
Dramatic Structure
Dramatic Structure
• Conflict is a struggle or clash between opposing characters or forces. A conflict may develop . . .
• between characters who want different things or the same thing
• between a character and his or her circumstances
• within a character who is torn by competing desires
FORMS OF DRAMA
TRAGEDYA tragedy is a play that ends unhappily. Most classic Greek tragedies deal with serious, universal themessuch as
• Tragedies pit human limitations against the larger forces of destiny.
• right and wrong • justice and injustice• life and death
tragedy
The protagonist of most classical tragedies is a tragic hero. This hero
MELODRAMA
It shows events that follow each other rapidly, butseems to be governed always by chance. The characters are victims in the hands of mercilessfate.
COMEDYA comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot
usually centers on a romantic conflict.
FARCE
Farce is a sub-category ofcomedy, characterized by greatlyexaggerated characters andsituations. Farces typically involve mistakenidentities, lots of physicalcomedy and outrageous plottwists.
musical
In musical theater, the story is told not only throughdialogue and acting but through music and dance.Musicals are often comedies, although many do involveserious subject matter.
TRAGICOMEDY
It is a play that does not adhere strictly to the
structure of tragedy. There is a mix of comedy and
Tragedy side by side in these types of plays.
It focuses on character relationships and shows society
in a state of continuous flux.
Types of charactors– The protagonist of most – classical tragedies is a
tragic– hero. – This hero is noble and in
many– ways admirable has a
tragic– flaw, a personal failing
that– leads to a tragic end.
• Theme: the basic idea of a play; the idea, point of view, or perception that binds together a work of art.
Style: the shaping of dramatic material, settings, or costumes in a deliberately nonrealistic manner.
Elements of Drama
There are three types of Drama Elements.
• Literary• Technical• Performance
Literary Elements(What is needed to write a script or story?)
• Script• Plot• Character• Story Organization• Setting• Dialogue• Monologue /soliloquy/aside• Conflict
Technical Elements (What is needed to produce a play?)
• Scenery• Costumes• Props• Sound and Music• Make-up
Performance Elements (What do the actors do on stage to make a character come alive?)
• Acting• Speaking• Non-verbal Expression
But…what do all these words mean?
All the elements of drama combine to make a good production. They
are all important. Some demonstrate more of one element
than others.
Literary Elements
• Script?
• A script is the written words and directions of a play.
Literary Elements
• Plot?• Drama uses the resources of the theater to show
human actions in such a way that we gain a deeper understanding of the human experience.
• Structured story which develops the action of the play– More than a story – involves causes & results, interactions
of characters and a development in time– Allows story to develop logically, presenting characters in
an unfolding situation
Literary Elements
• Character?• A character is a person portrayed in a drama.
Literary Elements
• Story Organization?• The story organization is how a story is told –
the beginning, middle and end.
Literary Elements
• Setting?• The setting is where the action takes place.
Literary Elements
• Dialogue?• A dialogue is a spoken conversation between
two characters.
Literary Elements
• Monologue?• A monologue is a long speech made by one
person.• Soliloquy? A character alone on stage reveals
private thoughts.• Aside? A character briefly expresses private
thoughts to the audience that other characters on stage cannot hear.
Literary Elements
• Conflict?• The internal or external struggle between
opposing forces, ideas, or interests that create dramatic tension.
Technical Elements
• Scenery?• The scenery is theatrical equipment such as
curtains, backdrops, and platforms to communicate the environment. An example might be trees to show a forest environment.
Technical Elements
• Props?• Props are any article other than costumes or
scenery used as part of a dramatic production. An example might be a table on the stage.
Technical Elements
• Sound and Music?• Sound is the effect an audience hears during a
show, like the sound of rain. And music – well, you know what music is!
Technical Elements
• Make-up?• Make-up is the use of costumes, wigs and
body paint to transform an actor into a character.
Performance Elements
• Acting?Acting is how speaking and moving help to
create characters.
Performance Elements
• Non-verbal Expression Non-expression includes gestures, facial
expressions, and movement.
Performance Elements
• SpeakingSpeaking is vocal expression, projection,
speaking style and diction.
A comedy ends happily after an amusing series of problem. Tragedy stresses human greatness, but comedy emphasizes human faults and the weaknesses of society
Conclusion