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What is Drama?
• Drama is : (noun)-A prose or verse composition, especially one
telling a serious story, that is intended for representation by actors impersonating the characters and performing the dialogue and action.
-A serious narrative work or program for television, radio, or the cinema.
Drama is (cont.)…
-Theatrical plays of a particular kind or period: Elizabethan drama.
-The art or practice of writing or producing dramatic works.
-A situation or succession of events in real life having the dramatic progression or emotional effect characteristic of a play: the drama of the prisoner's escape and recapture.
-The quality or condition of being dramatic: a summit meeting full of drama.
Prose vs. Verse (Poetry)• Prose is: (noun) -Ordinary speech or writing, without metrical structure.-Commonplace expression or quality.• Verse is: (noun)-A single metrical line in a poetic composition; one line
of poetry.-A division of a metrical composition, such as a stanza
of a poem or hymn.-A poem.-Metrical or rhymed composition
Elements of Drama: The elements of drama, by which dramatic works can be analyzed and evaluated, can be categorized into three major areas: literary elements, technical elements, and performance elements.
literary elementstechnical elements
performance elements
Literary ElementsPlot: the series of events that takeplace in a play. There are 5 stagesin a plot structure:
Exposition-background information, setting, and basic conflict
Rising action: a series of events following the exposition and leading up to the dramatic climax.
Literary Elements
• Plot Structure cont…
Climax: the turning point or high point of a story, when events can go either way
Falling action: the series of events following the climax.
Denouement or Conclusion : (another term for the ending-it is the French word for “unraveling”) Ending, resolution, or catastrophe
Literary ElementsCharacter: a person portrayed in a drama, novel,
or other artistic piece.
Exposition is the “who, when, where and what” part of the play.
Story organization: beginning, middle, end
Literary Elements
Conflict: the internal or external struggle between opposing forces, ideas, or interests that creates dramatic tension.
Suspense: a feeling of uncertainty as to the outcome, used to build interest and excitement on the part of the audience
Literary Elements
Theme: the basic idea of a play; the idea, point of view, or perception that binds together a work of art.
Language: in drama, the particular manner of verbal expression, the diction or style of writing, or the speech or phrasing that suggests a class or profession or type of character.
Literary Elements
Style: the shaping of dramatic material, settings, or costumes in a deliberately nonrealistic manner.
Soliloquy: a speech by a single actor who is ALONE on stage (aside=to the side, audience)
Monologue: a long speech made by one actor; a monologue may be delivered alone or in the presence of others.
Technical Elements
Scenery (set): the theatrical equipment, such as curtains, flats, backdrops, or platforms, used in a dramatic production to communicate environment
Costumes: clothing and accessories worn by actors to portray character and period.
Props: short for properties; any moveable object that appears on stage during a performance
Technical Elements
Lights: the placement, intensity, and color of lights to help with environment, mood, or feeling
Sound: the effects an audience hears during performance to communicate character, context, or environment
Makeup: costumes, wigs, and body paint used to transform an actor into a character.
Performance ElementsActing: use of face, body, and voice to portray
character
Character motivation: the reason or reasons for a character’s behavior
Character analysis: in responding to dramatic art, the process of examining how the elements of drama are used to develop a character
Empathy: the capacity to relate to the feelings of another.
Performance ElementsSpeaking: the mode of expression or delivery of
lines Vocal expression: how an actor uses his or her
voice to convey character Inflection: change in pitch or loudness of the
voice. Projection: how well the voice carries to the
audience Speaking style: the mode of expression or delivery
of linesDiction: selection and pronunciation of words;
clarity of speech.
Performance ElementsNonverbal expression:
Gestures any movement of the actor’s head, shoulder, arm, hand, leg, or foot to convey meaningFacial expression physical and vocal aspects used by an actor to convey mood, feeling, or personalityCharacter blocking the path formed by the actor’s movement on stageMovement stage blocking or the movements of the actors onstage during performance
Shakespeare’s Life-Born on April 23, 1564 (allegedly) in Stratford-upon-
Avon-Married Anne Hathaway November 28, 1582-Three Children: Susanna, Judith, and Hamnet (died
in 1596)-Acted and wrote for Lord Chamberlain’s Men (a
London troupe)-Part owner of the this company and the Globe
Theatre.-Works include: 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and 2
narrative poems-Died on April 23, 1616 (allegedly)
The Globe Theatre
-built in 1598-open-air, octagonal-capacity 3,000 spectators-burned in 1613 (rebuilt 1614)-1642 puritans closed it down-rebuild finished in 1997 (faithful reproduction)*no women allowed on stage, women’s parts
were played by young boys