Dr. G. Giridhar Solar Radiation Resource Assessment

“ASEAN – India Workshop on Cooperation in Renewable Energy”6th November, 2012, Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi

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Solar Energy-JNNSM

• MNRE, GOI initiated JNNSM in 2009-10 to establish India as a global leader in Solar Energy.

• Global effort to meet the challenges of climate change.

• Create conditions indigenous solar manufacturing capability.

• Promote grid/decentralized power applications.

• Technology innovations, R&D, cost reduction, grid parity.

• Mapping of ground solar insolation

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Application segment

Target for Phase I (2010-13)

Target for Phase 2 (2013-17)

Target for Phase 3 (2017-22)

Solar collectors 7 million sq. meter

15 million sq. meter

20 million sq. meter

Off grid solar application

200 MW 1000 MW 2000 MW

Utility grid power, including roof top

1000-2000 MW 4000-10000 MW 20000 MW

Implementation of JNNSM

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Why Measurements…?

•Ground measured data is more accurate.

•Quantification of the ground data.

•A combination of measured and satellite data helps in better understanding solar potential areas .

• In preparation of accurate and reliable SOLMAPS

•Design & Performance Parameters

•To determine the bankability of the proposals 4

Availability Solar Radiation Data

• “Solar Radiation over India” by A Mani, IMD

• “Handbook of Solar Radiation” by A Mani and S.Rangarajan, IMD

• “Solar Radiant Energy over India (2009)” by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy ,GOI.

• SEC-NREL

• NASA

• METEONORM

• SOLEMI

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SRRA Objectives

•To assess and quantify the ground data of solar radiation

•To establish Calibration Laboratory for solar radiation measuring equipments at C-WET, Chennai.

• Data processing , modeling and making of Solar Maps

SRRA Implementation

• In 2011 under JNNSM, SRRA Program was fully financed by

Ministry and implemented by C-WET, Chennai .

• An exclusive Solar Radiation Resource Assessment unit has been

established at C-WET.

• All 51 SRRA Stations in 10 States and 1 Union Territory was

completed and commissioned between March to October, 2011.

• Data from all SRRA stations are transmitted through GPRS to

Central Receiving Station established at C-WET.7

Site Selection criteria

• Area• Free horizon• Strong network connectivity• Safety & Security• Electromagnetic interference• Easy accessibility to site

State wise SRRA stations Phase I & II

Sl.No State/UT Phase I Phase II Total

1 Andhra Pradesh 6 3 9

2 Bihar - 3 3

3 Chhattisgarh 1 1 2

4 Gujarat 11 2 13

5 Haryana 1 1 2

6 Himachal Pradesh - 2 2

7 Jammu & Kashmir 1 1 2

8 Jharkhand - 2 2

9 Karnataka 5 1 6

10 Kerala - 2 2

11 Madhya Pradesh 3 5 8

12 Maharashtra 3 6 9

Continued……

Sl.No State/UT Phase I Phase II Total

13 Orissa - 4 4

14 Punjab - 2 2

15 Rajasthan 12 - 12

16 Tamil Nadu 7 - 7

17 Uttar Pradesh - 5 5

17 Uttarakhand - 2 2

18 West Bengal - 3 3

19 North-East - 10 10

20 Union Territories 1 5 6

Total 51 60 111

SRRA STATIONS PHASE-I & II

Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer from Eppley Laboratory, USA

SPECIFICATIONS:Sensitivity: approx. 8 µV/Wm-2. Impedance: approx. 200 Ohms. Temperature Dependence: ±1% over ambient temperature range -20 to +40°C. Linearity: ±0.5% from 0 to 1400 Wm-2. Response time: 1 second (1/e signal). Calibration reference : Eppley primary standard group of pyrheliometers.

Precision Pyranometer from Eppley Laboratory, USA

SPECIFICATIONS

Sensitivity: approx. 9 µV/Wm-2. Impedance: approx. 650 Ohms. Temperature Dependence: ±1% over ambient temperature range -20 to +40°C Linearity: ±0.5% from 0 to 2800 Wm-2. Response time: 1 second (1/e signal). Cosine:

±1% from normalization 0-70° zenith angle; ±3% 70-80° zenith angle.

Calibration: integrating hemisphere. Orientation: Performance is not affected by orientation or tilt.

Sun Tracker from Geonica , Spain

Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge from R M Young, USA

Specifications

Size: 18 cm dia. x 30 cm high, (39 cm high with mounting base)Catchment Area: 200 cm²Resolution: 0.1 mm per tip Accuracy: 2% up to 25 mm/hr 3% up to 50 mm/hrOutput: Magnetic reed switch (N.O.), rating 24VAC/DC 500mAOperating Temperature: -20°C to +50°C

Ultrasonic Anemometerfrom R M Young, USA

Specifications Wind Speed: 0 to 70 m/s (0 to 156 mph) Resolution: 0.1 m/s Accuracy: ± 2% or 0.1 m/s (30 m/s), ± 3% (70 m/s) Wind Direction: 0 to 360 degrees Resolution: 1 degree Accuracy: ± 2 degrees Serial Output: RS-232 or RS-485 Formats: NMEA, ASCII Text, RMYT, SDI-12 Units: Knots, m/s, MPH, Km/hr Analog Voltage Outputs: Wind Speed: 0 to 5000 mV Wind Direction: 0 to 5000 mV Power Requirement: 9 to 16 VDC, 30 mA typical (less than 1mA standby) Operating Temperature: -50 to +50 °C Dimensions: 34cm high x 17cm wide (39cm with Bird Spikes installed) Weight: 0.8 kg (1.8 lb)

Temperature and Humidity Sensor

from R M Young, USA

RELATIVE HUMIDITY: Measuring Range: 0-100 %RHAccuracy at 20 - 25 °C: ±1 %RH,Stability: Better than ±1 %RH per yearResponse Time: 10 seconds (without filter)Sensor Type: Rotronic Hygromer™Output Signal: V option: 0-1 VDC, L option: 4-20 mATEMPERATURE: (41382, 41342)Calibrated Measuring Range: -50 to 50 °C (suffix C) -50 to 150 °F (suffix F)Response Time: 10 seconds (without filter)Accuracy at 23°C: ±0.3 °C /optional ±0.1 °C NIST calibration Sensor Type: Platinum RTDOutput Signal: V Option: 0-1 VDC, L Option: 4-20 mA, 4 wire RTD

Barometric Pressure Sensor from R M Young, USA

Specifications:Pressure Range: 500-1100 hPaOperating Temperature: -40 to +60°CDigital Accuracy*: 0.2hPa (25°C) 0.3 hPa (-40 to +60°C)Analog Accuracy**: 0.05% of analog pressure rangeAnalog Temperature Dependence: 0.0017% of analog pressure range/°C   (25°C reference)Update Rate: 1.8 Hz maxSerial Output: Full duplex RS-232 - 9600 baud Polled or ContinuousASCII text or NMEA format  Dimensions: 90mm (3.6 in) x 60 mm (2.4 in) x 20 mm (0.8in)

Instrument Manufacturer

Parameter

GPS Garmin, USA To synchronize Sun Tracker with Sun movement

Data logger & Modem

Geonica ,Spain

Collecting data from sensors and transferring it to Central Receiving Station at C WET, Chennai

GPRS Garmin, USA To transfer data through mobile SIM cards to Central Receiving Station at C WET, Chennai

Solar PV Panel Moserbaer, India

For charging battery for powering SRRA station

External Battery Exide, India For electrical storageDerived details on Solar Elevation angle, Solar Azimuth angles, Battery voltage are also available

Supporting Instruments

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Typical SRRA station

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Data collection & QCSampling period

Averaging period

Duration

10 sec 10 min Up to Nov 2011

1 sec 10 min Up to August 2012

1 sec 1 min From August 2012

For solar radiation parameters, the applied quality control is based on Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) standards of World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), and Management and Exploitation of Solar Resource Knowledge (MESOR)

Establishment of Calibration Laboratory

• A Calibration Laboratory has been established at C-WET.

• Two numbers of Absolute Cavity Radiometer, four numbers of Standard Precision Pyranometer and Solar Trackers are available. 22

Training Program • 3 Days Training Programme on “Functioning and

Maintenance of ASRMS” for station in-charge from 10th to 12th October 2011 at C-WET, Chennai.

• 1 Day training program conducted on the O & M aspects the SRRA for all the station in-charge of Rajasthan and Haryana, at IIT Jodhpur on 28th January 2012.

• 1 Day training program on the “Functioning and Maintenance of SRRA station” for all the station in-charge of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra(Pandharpur) and Jammu & Kashmir(Leh) organised at PDPU, Gandhi Nagar on26th April 2012.

Institutional collaboration

• Under Indo German Collaboration with GIZ, Germany for data processing, quality assessment and developing solar maps of India.

• Satellite data from Space Application Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad for the preparation of solar maps of India.

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Users of SRRA Data

• High quality solar radiation data for solar developers for bankable

propositions, design and performance parameters.

• Satellite Data Providers for Ground truthing.

• Academic/Researcher/Policy Makers/Consultants.

• Calibration of Solar Sensors

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Availability of SRRA Data

• Previous Month Average Data for all stations are available on C-WET

Web Site (interactive map)

• Quality Controlled ASCII data and report in PDF format (Daily,

Monthly and Yearly) are available on payment basis.

• SRRA data would be sold either through CD /e-mail.

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Solar Data Policy 2012• MNRE sole and exclusive owner of data• Only quality controlled data will be sold• C-WET is authorised to sell data• Data for more than 5 sites (bulk Buyer)

at a time - requires Ministry’s approval • Publication of data- requires specific

MNRE/C-WET permission• Special approval from MNRE is required

for supply data to foreign nationals.• Details of pricing is available on

www.cwet.res.in

Details of Data ReportsProduct Data QC

information

Amount in Rupees

Commercial

Non commercial

Daily 1 minute time stamp

Flagged information

200 100

monthly 1 minute time stamp on daily basis

Flagged information

5,000 2,500

Yearly 1 minute time stamp on daily and monthly basis

Flagged information

50,000 25,000

Monthly Report (PDF)

Monthly and daily average

Information Details *

2,000 2,000

* Graphs, Solar Radiation and meteorological parameters, QC test reports and figures and Wind rose

issues…..

Maximum outages have been observed with the damage to the transducer of ultrasonic wind sensor.

Bird damaged transducers of ultrasonic anemometer.

One of the damaged transducers of ultrasonic anemometer. This happened despite having modified bird guards (spikes)

New model of Wind Sensor being adopted to avoid damages by birds

Future Plan

• Setting up of 60 more SRRA stations

• Calibration of Solar sensors.

• Aerosol measurements at 4 SRRA stations.

• Up gradation and integration of 45 IMD solar radiation measuring stations.

• Consultancy projects .31

Consultancy Projects

• SRRA has received request from private developers to install Solar Monitoring Station and collect data and prepare DPR on consultancy basis.

• The detailed list of request from plant developers are as follows:

Sl No

Name of the Company No of Stations

Location

1 NHPC, Faridabad 3 2 in J&K 1 in H.P

2 Mott McDonald Pvt Ltd, Ahmedabad

10 Jharkhand

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