Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Plantae

Most unicellular, some colonial

Lack strong tissue development

Aqueous, marine, or very humid environments

Mostly multicellular, all heterotrophs(yeast = unicellular)

Obligate symbionts

Cell walls contain chitin

Hyphae, mycelium

Found in air, water, & terrestrial habitats

Decomposers

Multicellular autotrophs (photosynthesis)

Chlorophyll

Cell walls contain cellulose

Nonmotile

Adapted for life on land

Alternation of generations

Haploid: having 1/2 the number of chromosomes.

Diploid: having a full complement of chromosomes (2n).

Meiosis: cell division where chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid.

Fertilization: nuclei of two gametes fuse, raising the chromosome number from haploid to diploid.

Review

Your life cycle:

You are diploid.

Your cells produce haploid gametes through meiosis.

Your gametes fuse with someone else’s to form a diploid zygote.

The zygote differentiates by mitosis into a multicellular, diploid individual.

Plants have two generations in their life cycle:

• Gametophyte: haploid, gamete-producing phase.

• Sporophyte: diploid spore-producing phase.

In plants, generations alternate:

• A diploid individual produces haploid spores by meiosis.

• Spores divide by mitosis, producing multicellular haploid gametophytes (e.g. Pollen grain).

• Gametophytes produce gametes that fuse to form a diploid zygote.

• Zygotes differentiate by mitosis into multicellular, diploid individuals.

(Sporophytes)

(Sporophyte)

Plants are grouped by:• morphology

• +/- & arrangement of vascular tissues (xylem & phloem)

• life cycle

Kingdom PlantaePhylum Bryophyta (Mosses, liverworts, hornworts)

No vascular tissuesRestricted in size and by habitatGametophyte = dominant phase

Ferns & allies+ vascular tissuesSeedlessSporophyte = dominant phase

Phylum Gymnosperma (Conifers, cycads, ginkgos, gnetophytes)+ vascular tissues Heterosporous: m/f conesSporophyte = dominant phase

Phylum Anthophytha (Angiosperms, or flowering plants)+ vascular tissuesSpeciose, mutualisms, short generation times Sporophyte = dominant phase

Dicots Monocots# Floral parts

# Cotyledons

Leaf venation

Stem vascular bundles

Secondary growth

Angiosperms

Complete Flowers (monoecious)

• Bisexual or hermaphroditic

Incomplete Flowers (dioecious)

• Staminate (male)

• Pistilate (female)