DOCUMENT RESUME ED 403 042 PS 024 957 TITLE 1994 Data Book. INSTITUTION · DOCUMENT RESUME ED 403 042 PS 024 957 TITLE Deepest Spring in the Heart: KIDS COUNT Mississippi, 1994 Data

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 403 042 PS 024 957

TITLE Deepest Spring in the Heart: KIDS COUNT Mississippi,1994 Data Book.

INSTITUTION Mississippi Kids Count, Jackson.SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.PUB DATE 94NOTE 41p.; For other volumes, see PS 024 958-959.PUB TYPE Reference Materials

Vocabularies/Classifications/Dictionaries (134)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS At Risk Persons; Births to Single Women; Birth

Weight; *Child Health; *Children; Child Welfare;Counties; Demography; Dropouts; Early Parenthood;*Economically Disadvantaged; Elementary SecondaryEducation; Infant Mortality; Mortality Rate;Nutrition; One Parent Family; Population Trends;Poverty; Preschool Education; *Social Indicators;State Surveys; Statistical Data; Unemployment; *WellBeing

IDENTIFIERS Arrests; *Indicators; *Mississippi; Women InfantsChildren Supplemental Food Program

ABSTRACTThis data book for 1994 describes the condition of

children in each of Mississippi's 82 counties. Ti f! statictL.--.1

profiles focus on 12 key indicators of child well-being: (1) lowbirth-weight; (2) infant mortality; (3) poverty; (4) participation inWIC, the special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants andChildren; (5) school food programs; (6) births to single teens; (7)

single-parent families; (8) child deaths; (9) teen violent deaths;(10) high school graduation; (11) teen unemployment; and (12)juvenile incarceration rate. Each indicator is described andanalyzed. Demographic information and statistics for the state dataand for the top ten counties are presented for each indicator. Tableswith comparative data for previous years from selected counties arealso included. The report notes that Mississippi ranks last or nearlylast in almost every critical measure of child well-being. Comparedto other states, a higher percentage of Mississippi's children: (1)

live in poverty; (2) are born to teens; (3) are born withlife-threatening low birthweight; and (4) are growing up insingle-parent families. Mississippi ranks nearly last in infantmortality, child deaths and the percentage of teens graduating fromhigh school on time. (AA)

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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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U 8 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOffice of Educational Research and Improvement

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

Ni(This document has been reproduced asreceived born the person or organizationoriginating a

O Minor changes have been made to Improvereproduction quality

PoInts of view or opmionsstatedwithoadOCu-Mord do not necessarily represent officialOERI position or policy

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EUDORA WELTYas a young girl on the steps of her Jackson home.

©Eudora Welty CollectionMississippi Department of Archives and History

4

1S94 KIDS COUNT Data [gook Indica. Rays

StateData

NationalData

MSRank

Percent LowBirth-weight Babies

9.7 7.1 50

Infant Mortality Rate 11.4 8.9 48

Child Death Rate 41.4 30.7 49

Percent of All BirthsThat Are to Single Teens

16.2 9 50

Juvenile Violent CrimeArrest Rate Age 10-17(per 100,000 youths)

255 457 17*

Percent Graduating fromHigh School on Time

61 68.8 45

Percent Teens Not in Schooland Not in Labor Force

7.2 5 48

Teen Violent Death RateAges 15-19 (per 100,000 Teens)

98.6 71.1 48

Percent Children in Poverty 33.9 20 51

Percent Childrenin Single-Parent Families

34.9 25.1 50

*Lack of complete records produces low numbers

ississippians have long valued childhood andfamily. Mississippi's many well-known writers havechosen as William Faulkner did to write about their"own little postage stamp of native soil." They haveused their own families and childhoods, rich andpoor, as foundations for unforgettable stories.Eudora Welty says she has always written of thefamily as the"deepest spring in the heart."

But this strong regard for children compared totheir actual status reveals a startling paradox. ManyMississippi children are growing up happy, healthyand loved, with two parents, comfortable homes,plenty to eat, good educations and promising futures.For a constantly increasing number of children, lifehas never been easy.

Mississippi ranks last or near last in almost everycritical measure of child well-being. A higherpercentage of Mississippi's children live in povertythan in any other state in the nation. A higherpercentage of Mississippi's babies are born to teens.A higher percentage of babies are born with life-threatening low birthweights. And a higherpercentage of children are growing up in single-parent families. And Mississippi ranks near last ininfant mortality, child deaths and the percentage ofteens graduating from high school on time.

DATA

Measuring a child's height requires only a doorframe and a yardstick. Measuring the well-being ofchildren requires data. Profiling the overall status ofchildren requires data on where children live, theirhealth, their education and the economic condition oftheir family. Using selected, reliable "indicators" ofthe life conditions of childrenpercent low birth-weight babies, infant mortality, graduation rate,juvenile incarceration ratewe can focus on ways tocreate better childhoods.

The 1994 KID COUNT Mississippi Data Book uses12 indicators of child well-being. Each indicator has

5 been defined to explain its significance as a measurefor children. Tables of selected data for each ofMississippi's 82 counties and the state are included.

As you study the tables, remember the mathematicsof small numbers, especially in calculating rates forsmall populations, can show alarming increases.Five-year averages are used for infant mortality ratesto allow for this problem. Actual numbers have beenprovided in the tables for some measures, such as childdeath rates.

CHILDREN

One of every three Mississippians is a child, makingchildren an important part of our state's populationthe very visible future. From 1980 to 1990, thestate's child population decreased slightly in bothnumber-814,197 to 746,761and in proportion tothe remainder of the population-32 to 29 percent.The child population increased in only seven ofMississippi's 82 counties in the '80s. Yet Mississippiis still one of the youngest states in the nation, rankingsixth in the percentage of its population under age 18.

Almost half of Mississippi's children are children ofcolor. Of these children, 45.2 percent are AfricanAmerican, 0.6 percent are Asian American and0.4 percent are Native American.

FAMILIES

Families in Mississippi are changing. More than halfof Mississippi's children still live with two parents,but an increasing number live with single parents.Although single-parent families have increasednationally, Mississippi has the highest percentage ofchildren living in single-parent families in the nation.One quarter of Mississippi's families are headed bya single-parent, an increase of 36 percent in the '80s.Nearly one in ten Mississippi children live with agrandparent, almost double the national percentage.

More Mississippi children today have workingparents. More than two-thirds-65.1 percentof all of Mississippi's children have two workingparents or a working single parent. More than two-thirds-63.8 percentof Mississippi's preschool-age children have working mothers and almostthree-fourths-72.3 percentof the state'sschool-agers have working moms.

1 in 3 Mississippians is a ChMPopulation Under Age 18

as a Percent of the Total Population, 1990

Adults 61%N

Almost Half of Mississippi's ChildrenAre Children of Color

Mississippi's Child Population by Race, 1990

White Children 53.7%

Children 29%

Asian Americanunze___ChNa t i

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m0. e6/r°ic.anChildren 0.4%

African AmericanChildren 45.2%

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RICHARD FORDwith his parents Parker and Edna Ford on VJ Day,

August 15, 1945, in City Park in New Orleans.

8

Mississippi Countieswith Top Ten Highest

Percentage of LowBirth-weight Babies

Born in 1993

Issaquena 19.2Calhoun 17.0Jefferson 16.2Tippah 15.8Walthall 15.0Franklin 14.4Noxubee 14.1Quitman 13.2Copiah 13.0Grenada 13.0

DicLow BIRTHWEIGHT

Low birth-weight babies weigh less than 5 1/2pounds at birthonly ounces more than a sack offlour. Low birthweight babies are 40 times morelikely to die in their first month of life. Babies bornwith low birthweights are more likely to be born toteen mothers, to unmarried, less educated or poormothers, or to mothers who did not receive prenatalcare. Low birth-weight babies who survive their firstyear of life often have chronic health problems andlearning difficulties.

Because so many babies in Mississippi are born toteen mothers, Mississippi has one of the highestpercentages of low birth-weight babies in the nation.In 1993, 4,246 low birth-weight babies were born inMississippi. Two-thirds of these tiny babies wereAfrican American, and one-third were white. Thebirth of low birthweight babies increased 13 percentfrom 1983 to 1993, in keeping with an increase inbirths to teens.

Percent f ississippi abiesWeighing Less Than 5 1/2 lbs., by Race, 1983 and 1993

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

(e)

1983

White Babies

1993

African American Babies

9

891864 '411. INFANT MORTALITY

The infant mortality rate measures the number ofdeaths to babies within their first year of life per1,000 live births. This rate mirrors both the mothers'and babies' health, their living conditions and thecare babies receive. Low birth-weight babies andbabies born to families living below the poverty levelwith limited access to health care are more likely todie in the first year of their lives.

Mississippi's infant mortality rates have steadilydeclined in the past ten years, decreasing in all but ahandful of counties. At the state level, the infantmortality rate average of 11.7 for 1989-1993showed a 27 percent improvement over the 1979-1983 average of 16.1. But the state infant mortalityrate is still higher than the national rate, and someMississippi counties have among the highest infantmortality rates in the nation. African American infantmortality rates are almost double the white rates.

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

Mississippi Countieswith Top Ten HighestInfant Mortality Rates,

1989-1993

Calhoun 21.8Marshall 19.3Webster 19.3Coahoma 17.9Union 17.6Leflore 17.4Perry 17.1Tunica 17.0Humphreys 16.9Noxubee 16.6

MississimM Onftn/ RhorReHty Rates,by Race, 19,:1 and 1993

1979-1983

White Babies

1989-1993

African American Babies

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RICHARD WRIGHTas an eighth grade student at

Smith Robertson School in Jackson

12

Mississippi Counties withTop Ten Highest

Percentage of ChildrenLiving in Poverty, 1989

Holmes 68.0Tunica 67.3Issaquena 62.3Humphreys 60.0Sharkey 59.0Coahoma 57.7Bolivar 54.7Sunflower 54.3Jefferson 54.0Tallahatchie 53.9

POVERTY

Children are poor when their families are poor. Poorfamilies lack the necessary income to provide fortheir children's basic needsfood, housing andclothing. The choice between a trip to the doctor fora chronically ill child or food for the entire family isan everyday choice for families living in poverty. Thefederal government uses guidelines based on incomeand family size to measure poverty.

Mississippi has the highest percentage of childrenliving in poverty in the nation. One in three-33.5percentMississippi children live in poverty.Poverty shows no preference for urban or ruralchildren in Mississippi. Children live in poverty ininner-city neighborhoods in the state capitol ofJackson, in small town neighborhoods across thestate and in rural counties in the Delta. The majorityof children living in poverty are located in thewestern counties of the state. Several Mississippicounties have poverty rates of over 60 percentamong the highest in the nation.

1 in 3 Mississippi Children Lives in PovertyPercent of Children Living in Poverty, 1989

Children Living Abovethe Poverty Level 66.5%

Children Livingin Poverty 33.5%

13

WICWell-nourished babies grow to be healthy children.WIC, the Special Supplemental Food Program forWomen, Infants and Children, provides supplementalfood packages to pregnant women and new mothers,their babies and young children up to age 5. Foodpackages are tailored to the nutritional needs ofparticipants: cereal, fruit juice, egg and milkproducts for mothers and children, and formula,cereal and juice for babies. To be eligible, thewoman or child must meet either income standardsor risk factors determined by the federal government.

In fiscal year 1993, a total of 141,948 mothers,babies and children participated in the WIC programin Mississippi. This is an estimated 75 percent ofthose eligible for the program.

SCHOOL FOOD PROGRAMS

It's hard to learn on an empty stomach. Federalfunds support lunch and breakfast programs toeligible children in public schools. Children receivefree meals or pay a reduced fee based on theirfamily's income.

In 1993, almost two-thirds-59.4 percentofMississippi's public school students were eligible forthe free and reduced lunch program. Depending onthe income status of their residents, some countyschool districts have well over 80 percent of theirstudents eligible for the program.

Percent o ChildrenUvklg on Povelly, 1989

40.1 to 68.0%

20.1 to 40%

0 to 20%


WIC Participation asPercentage of TotalEligible, July 1994


Percentage of StudentsEligible for Free Lunch

Program, Oct. 1993

Jefferson 106 Jefferson 94.7Itawamba 104 Tunica 94.0Jasper 102 Humphreys 91.9Stone 100 Noxubee 90.0Chickasaw 98 Claiborne 88.7Montgomery 98 Sharkey 88.5Quitman 94 Quitman 87.7Attala 93 Wilkinson 86.5Leflorl 92 Coahoma 85.0Leake. 91 Bolivar 84.7

14

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Murray, Dean and John.

16


Percentage of Births toSingle Teens, 1993

Tallahatchie 31.6Coahoma 30.2Sharkey 29.1Leflore 29.0Tunica 28.4Bolivar 28.3Sunflower 27.5Claiborne 27.2Issaquena 26.9Washington 26.6

rr.BIRTHS TO SINGLE TEENS

The birth of a baby to an unmarried teen mothercreates a future risk for both the baby and themother. Single teen mothers are less likely to marryor complete high school, creating single-parentfamilies more likely to live in poverty. Children ofsingle teen mothers are less likely to receive early,comprehensive prenatal care and are more likely togrow up at-risk of emotional and social problems.The percent of births to single teens reports thepercentage of all babies born who were born tosingle teen mothers.

In 1993, 42,134 babies were born in Mississippi.More than one in six-7,156babies were born tosingle teen mothers. Births to unmarried teen mothershave increased 25 percent from 1983 to 1993.While more babies were born in Mississippi tenyears ago, only one in seven was born to a singleteen mother.

Births to Sim& Teens asPeri of J 01 Moths, 1983 and 1993

1983 1993

0 Births to Single Teens All Births

17

SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES

Single-parent families often mean disadvantage forchildren. An astounding three-fourths of Mississippi'syoungest children, those under age 5 who live onlywith their mother, live in poverty. Many of thosewhose family income exceeds the poverty level stillfind themselves with limited access to health care andother support servicesand at greater risk foradverse outcomes.

Single parent families increased by 36 percent from1980 to 1990 One quarter-25.9 percentofMississippi's children now live in single-parentfamilies. Almost 90 percent of these children fromsingle-parent families live with their mother.

Percentage cl Children Living with Two Parents,a Single Parent or Mc Parents, 1940 and 1990

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Two ParentFamilies

Single-ParentFamilies

1990

No Parents

18

Mississippi C unties withTop Ten Highest

Percentage o ChildrenLiving in Single-Parent

Families, 1990

Holmes 43.2Claiborne 42.8Jefferson 39.7Leflore 38.6Bolivar 38.0Tunica 37.8Coahoma 36.8Humphreys 36.5Washington 36.4Sunflower 33.5

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Mississippi Counties withTop Ten Highest Child

Death Rates, 1993

Hinds 29Jackson 13Harrison 11

Calhoun 8Bolivar 7Rankin 7

Coahoma 6Lee 6Warren 6Washington 6

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(DliCCHILD DEATHS

Children deserve safe and healthy lives. The childdeath rate reports deaths to children ages 1 through14 from illness, injury, homicide and suicide. Thisrate measures risks to children from health problemssuch as poor birth outcomes, illness and untreatedchronic conditions. It also reports accidental deathscaused by inadequate safety and supervision anddeaths resulting from intentional harm. The rate iscalculated by county per 100,000 children.

Although Mississippi's child death rate improved 21percent from 1983 to 1993, the state still has one ofthe highest child death rates in the nation. Almosthalf of the children ages 1 to 14 who died in 1993were accident victims, but the second most commoncause of death varies by age. Congenital birthdefects were the second most common cause of deathfor 1 to 4 year olds, while homicide was the secondmost common cause of death for 5 to 14 year olds.

ChM Deaths Ages 11 - 14 by Calm% 1993

Accidents 48.3%

Homicides 4.2%

Illness6.6%

Birth Defects14.2%

Children, Ages 1- 4

Accidents 47.9%

Homicides11.6%

Illness14.9%

Birth Defects5.0%

Children, Ages 5-14

TEEN VIOLENT DEATHS

Teens can live risky lives. The violent deaths of teensreflect their behavior, emotional health and access tohealth care. While the violent deaths of teens mostoften result from accidents, usually motor vehicleaccidents, their deaths are also caused by suicideand increasingly by homicide. The teen violent deathrate measures the number of deaths of teens ages 15to 19 per 100,000 teens.

Mississippi also has one of the highest teen violentdeath rates. Almost half of the teen deaths in 1993were caused by accidents. A quarter of the remainingdeaths were caused by homicide.

Teen Vident Deaths by Cause, 1993Includes Ages 15-24

Accidents 46.6%

Homicide 24.5%

Illness 6.7%

Suicide 10.9%

22

Mississippi Counties withTip Ten Highest Teen

Violent Death Rates, 1993

Hinds 17Jackson 13Lee 10Harrison 9Pearl River 8Washington 7Bolivar 6Grenada 6Panola 6Rankin 6

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24

Mississippi Counties withTop Ten Best Graduation

Rates, 1993

Sharkey 100Tishomingo 100Lamar 90.3Choctaw 90.1Tippah 88.5Wilkinson 88.2Noxubee 87.4Hinds 87.3George 86.2Franklin 85.8

Mississippi Counties withTop Ten Worst

Graduation Rates, 1993

Carroll 49.3Coahoma 58.6Sunflower 61.4Quitman 63.0Lawrence 63.6Lee 66.1Tallahatchie 66.7Montgomery 67.0Hancock 67.1Benton 67.7

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HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION

Graduation from high school is considered a rite ofpassage into adulthood. It indicates knowledge andskills and suggests future prospects for employmentand earning. While the income gap between highschool graduates and college graduates hasincreased, high school graduation still reduces therisk of living in poverty. The graduation rate isusually measured by dividing the number of seniorsgraduating from high school by the number ofstudents counted in the ninth grade four years earlier.

More than three-fourths of Mississippi's publicschool seniors graduated from high school in 1993.This was a 3 percent increase from the number ofstudents graduating in 1989. Census data for 1990shows 64.3 percent of all Mississippians over age 25have a high school education, an increase from 1980,but this 1990 data also shows only 14.7 percent ofthe state's adults over age 25 held at least abachelor's degree.

Years of School Completed,1980 and 1990

Persons 25 Years Old and Over

1980 1990

% Graduating from J % with 4 or More YearsHigh School

2

of College

TEEN UNEMPLOYMENT

Work experience is critical for young adults. If teensare not in school and not working, they are not goingforward with their lives; they are not making thatimportant transition to self-sufficiency. Teens withoutplans for their future are at risk of becoming singleparents or becoming involved in crime.

There was a considerable decrease in the number ofMississippi teens 16 to 19 years old not in schooland not working, from 35,787 or, 17.1 percent ofstate teens in 1980, to 21, 168 or 11.8 percent in1990. Mississippi still has a higher percentage ofunemployed teens than other states in the nation.

55

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1980 1990

% Employed % Unemployed M % Not in Labor Force

26

f usfizs6pp6 CounUes NAMTop Ten Hgbest

Percenitage of TeensAges 16-19 Mot Enronedun Schoo0 and NW h the

Labor FOTCG, 1990

Coahoma 14.0Jefferson 13.5Tishomingo 13.2Adams 12.6Wayne 12.6Benton 12.1

Bolivar 12.0Leflore 11.7Hinds 11.6Marshall 11.6

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Washington, D.C., in 1944. He movedto Mississippi when he was six.

2

Mississippi Counties withTop Ten Highest Juvenile

Incarceration Rates,FY1994

Coahoma 18.8Grenada 15.6Humphreys 14.3Montgomery 13.3Lee 13.1

Forrest 12.5Wayne 11.9Leflore 11.8Sunflower 11.5Winston 11.4

JUVENILE INCARCERATION RATE

Children in juvenile facilities miss out on family life, atraditional school setting and being a part of thecommunity, although some may not have these keycomponents that make for a healthy adolescence intheir lives at all. Violence and crime have become anincreasing reality in children's lives. The juvenileincarceration rate measures the number juvenilesages 10 to 18 per 1,000 juveniles incarcerated instate-supported juvenile facilities. It does not includecounts for juveniles incarcerated in adult facilities orprivate facilities.

Juveniles Committedto State Institutions by Race, 1991

Source: 1991 Youth Court Report, Division of Youth Services,Mississippi Department of Human Services

African American 78.5%

29

Like other states, Mississippi's juvenile incarcerationrate is increasing. In the short period of time fromstate fiscal year 1991 to state fiscal year 1993, thenumber of juveniles incarcerated increased by 39percent. Most often, Mississippi's juvenile offendersare black males from single-parent families who arebelow their expected educational level.

JuverdOes CorromKted to StateOnstitutions by FamlOy Status, 1991


One or Both ParentsDeceased 12.1%

Juveaes Commirttedto State Onstitutions by Se; 1991


Male 91.3%

Parents Divorced 39.0%

Unknown 5.9%

Female 8.7%

30

ParentsMarried 13.8%

Parents Not Marriedto Each Other 29.2%

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Data tell what is.We determine what will be.

3 '7

C)

DEEPEST SPRING IN THE HEART...The Children of Mississippi

3S

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"CVC2Aate, Wan,"7A"20

Akl44 WHAT You CAN Do

Children become adults it's the age-oldprogression of life. We must invest our time inchildren by creating memorable childhoodschildhoods that can be shared in unforgettableliteraturechildoods that produce prize-winningwriterschildhoods that produce adults who cangrasp and form Mississippi's future.

IF YOU ARE A POLICYMAKER, YOU CAN:

learn about the needs of children andfamilies in your constituency; visitprograms and service sites in your area,and

support funding of services andprograms that work to improve the livesof children and their families.

IF YOU ARE AN EMPLOYER, YOU CAN:

develop family friendly workplaces tomeet the needs of working parents, and

encourage your employees to learnabout programs in your community thatserve children and families.

As AN INDIVIDUAL, YOU CAN:

learn about child and family friendlyprograms in your community and getinvolved, and

help to involve more children and youth

in the activities of your community.

39

SOURCESTotal Population - 1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics, Mississippi, Table 1.

Population Under Age 18 - 1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics, Mississippi, Table 1.

Percentage Low Birthweight Babies Vital Statistics Mississippi 1993, Bureau of Information Resources, Division of Public Health Statistics,Mississippi State Department of Health, Table 6A; Vital Statistics Mississippi 1983, Bureau of Information Resources, Division of Public HealthStatistics, Mississippi State Department of Health, Table 6.

Infant Mortality Rate - Vital Statistics Mississippi 1993, Bureau of Information Resources, Division of Public Health Statistics, Mississippi StateDepartment of Health, Table 12B; Vital Statistics Mississippi 1983, Bureau of Information Resources, Division of Public Health Statistics,Mississippi State Department of Health, Table 13B.

Percentage Children Living in Poverty 1990 Census of Population, Social and Economic Characteristics, Mississippi, Table 10; 1980 Census ofPopulation, General Social and Economic Characteristics, Part 26, Mississippi, Table 181.

WIC Participation As a Percentage of Total Eligible for Participation - Participation Reports from the Division of Special Supplemental FoodProgram for Women, Infants and Children, Mississippi State Department of Health

Percentage of Students Eligible for Free Lunch - 1993 Mississippi Report Card, Mississippi Department of Education; Fiscal year 1992 SchoolLunch Free and Reduced Meal Applicant Enrollment Percentages by County, Mississippi Department of Education.

Percentage Births to Single Teens KIDS COUNT Mississippi Calculations from Vital Statistics Mississippi 1993, Bureau of InformationResources, Division of Public Health Statistics, Mississippi State Department of Health, Table 3A and Special Table - Teen Births to SingleMothers by County; Vital Statistics Mississippi 1983, Bureau of Information Resources, Division of Public Health Statistics, Mississippi StateDepartment of Health, Table 3A and Special Table - Teen Births to Single Mothers by County.

Percentage Children Living in Single-Parent Families 1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics, Mississippi, Table I.

Child Death Rate - Data provided by Division of Public Health Statistics, Mississippi State Department of Health.

Teen Violent Death Rate - Data provided by Division of Public Health Statistics, Mississippi State Department of Health.

Graduation Rate - 1993 Mississippi Report Card, Mississippi Department of Education; 1989 Graduation Rates, Mississippi Department ofEducation.

Percentage Teens Not in School and Not in the Labor Force 1990 Census of Population, Social and Economic Characteristics, Mississippi,Table 142; 1980 Census of Population, Vol. 1, Chap. C, General Social and Economic Characteristics, Part 26, Mississippi, Table 175.

Juvenile Incarcerations 1993 Youth Court Report, Division of Youth Services, Mississippi Department of Human Services; Fiscal Year 1991Annual Report, Mississippi Department of Human Services.

1711kidscount KIDS COUNT Mississippi is funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation.

The Mississippi Forum on Children and Families wishes to thank the Phil Hardin Foundation of Meridian, Mississippi, for providingadditional support for the KIDS COUNT Mississippi 1994 Data Book. Many of the quotations used in the Data Book are found inMississippi Writers: Reflections of Childhood and Youth, a four-volume series edited by Dorothy Abbott and published by The UniversityPress of Mississippi.

Special thanks are extended to Mississippi writers Ellen Douglas, Richard Ford, Barry Hannah, Willie Morris, Jerry Ward and Eudora Weltyfor their interest in children's issues and for sharing family photographs; to Mississippi Forum board member Sarah Jane Alston for hermany weeks of reading; to JoAnne Prichard for her invaluable advice and assistance; to the Smith Robertson Museum, the Center for theStudy of Southern Culture, Yoknapatawpha Press and the Mississippi Department of Archives for assistance with photographs; and to theMississippi Department of Health, the Mississippi Department of Education and the Mississippi Department of Human Services forproviding important data.

kidscount

r I

KIDS COUNT Mississippi is a project of the Mississippi Forum on Children and FamiliesJane P. Boykin, President

Alma C. Ellis, KIDS COUNT Mississippi Project Coordinator525 Woodland Hills Building

3000 Old Canton RoadJackson, MS 39216

Telephone 601/366-9091 Fax 601/982-8055

Data Book designed by Lisa Stewart Designs!Printed by Service Printers, Inc.

40

KIDS COUNT Mississippi525 Woodland Hills Building3.000 Old Canton RoadJackson, MS 39216

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