DNA to Protein

The processes of DNA transcription and translation

DNA to protein

• DNA contains genes that code for the production of thousands of different proteins

• Getting from DNA sequences (TAGGACTATA) to proteins (chains of amino acids!) takes 2 steps:

1. TRANSCRIPTON DNA RNA2. TRANSLATION RNA protein

Transcription: DNA to RNA

• Watch the following animation and write down key words or events. Can you summarize the process?

Note: transcription takes place in nucleustranscription video

Transcription: key terms

• mRNA• Enzyme (Helicase)• uracil (U)

• A copy of a portion of DNA• unzips the DNA• U pairs with A instead of T in

RNA

Transcription summary:

Transcription begins when an enzyme unzips the DNA and creates a space for complimentary RNA nucleotides to line up. RNA nucleotides match up to the DNA template to form a single strand of mRNA. mRNA leaves the nucleus for translation.

Translation: RNA to protein

• Watch the following animation and write down key words or events. Can you summarize the process?

• Note: translation takes place in cytoplasm of the cell, not nucleus.

Translation video

Translation: key terms

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• Codon

• protein

• Brings the copy of the DNA to cytoplasm

• makes up part of the ribosome where translation occurs

• “reads” mRNA code & brings correct amino acids

• group of 3 nucleotides that code for 1 specific amino acid

• Final product

Types of RNA

• Messenger RNA (mRNA) takes a message from DNA in nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm.

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins make up ribosomes where proteins are synthesized.

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome

Translation summary

Translation begins when a ribosome and tRNA attaches to a mRNA strand in the cytoplasm. The ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, reading codons. Complimentary tRNAs arrive bringing amino acids coded for by the mRNA template. Amino acids are strung together into proteins.

Translation summary

Review

• Transcription occurs in…

• Translation occurs in…

• 3 differences between DNA and RNA

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM (RIBOSOME)

1. RNA is single stranded2. ribose sugar in RNA3. has U bases instead of

T, A=U in RNA.