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All living things contain a blueprint for the entire organism inside a special molecule known as _____.
DNA stands for _____________________. A DNA molecule is a long repeating chain
of ___________.
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
nucleotides
Every nucleotide in DNA has 3 parts:
1: The ___________ group.
2: A ________ named ___________.
3: One of the 4 ________ bases.
phosphate
sugar deoxyribose
nitrogen
1
2
3
The sugar and the phosphate are on the outside of the DNA molecule, so they combine to form the sugar-phosphate __________ of DNA. backbone
Quick QuestionQ: Why do you think they are called
the nitrogen bases?
A: Because they all contain the element nitrogen!
The instructions for the organism are carried by the __________________________ like the code in a computer program. This information is used to make the _________ which direct all of the metabolic processes of the cell.
proteins
sequence of nitrogen bases
T G A C G T CA
As you can see in the diagram, two chains of nucleic acids join together to form a _________________ molecule of DNA. When this happens, the double-stranded DNA twists into the shape of a ____________. This looks similar to the shape of a twisted ladder.
double-stranded
double helix
Understanding how DNA is packaged:DNA is a very long molecule that is thousands of nucleotides long. These long molecules are wound and wound into a very dense units known as _____________. These _____________ contain so much DNA that they are large enough to see with an optical microscope.
chromosomeschromosomes
Human Chromosomes
Important Fact:1. If a cell has a nucleus for the DNA, it is called a ____________ cell.2. If a cell does NOT have a nucleus for the DNA, it is called a _____________ cell.
Decide if the following cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic:
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
prokaryote eukaryote
prokaryote eukaryote
While DNA is considered the _____________ for the entire organism, it is important that you understand
that DNA only has the instructions for making one thing: ____________.
blueprint
proteins
protein
Everything about you is determined by how __________ interact, and the instructions for making them are stored inside of the _______. We will spend the next few lessons learning exactly how this works.
proteinsDNA
DNA base pairing:The nitrogen bases between the two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule will pair together in a very specific way. Determine which nitrogen bases pair together based on the diagram on the front of this page or on the screen.
______ pairs with ______
______ pairs with ______
A T
G C
Q: Compare the letters in each pair. How can you remember that these go together?
A: __________________________________________
A pairs with T G pairs with C
The letters made with straight lines go together.
ORA: ____________________________________________The letters made with curved lines go together.
CAN YOU THINK OF ANY OTHER CREATIVE WAYS TO REMEMBER?