WEBINAR, NOVEMBER 2017

Distribution Automation for electrical gridsVolt-VAr management

Alain Aurus, Theodoros Oikonomou, Yasmine Vögele

Introduction

Facility Management

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Introduction of the team

Yasmine VögeleMarketing ManagerSubstation Automation

Alain AurusDistribution AutomationInitiative owner

Theo OikonomouGlobal Product ManagerDistribution Automation

Leading the way within the Power Grids division

Grid Automation

ABB

– 132,000 employees

– $34B revenue

ABB Power Grids

– 39,000 employees

– $11B revenue

– 100 countries

ABB Grid Automation

– 6,000 employees

Worldwide presence

Power Grids Division Robotics andMotion

IndustrialAutomation

ElectrificationProducts

ABB

Microgrids andDistributedGeneration

Grid AutomationSystems and Service

Grid AutomationProductsEnterprise Software

Grid Automation Grid Integration GridSystems

High VoltageProducts Transformers

Power Grid

Enabling you to see inside your grid

Distribution Automation

Trends and Challenges

Trends

November 27, 2017 Slide 9

• Increased Investment focused on Energy Efficiency improvement.

• Energy Consumption is still growing.• Infrastructure addition Vs Optimizing utilization of Existing

Infrastructure

• Grid modernization trends enabling to see in real time into the Grid• Moving from a Reactive operating mode to Proactive and Prescriptive

operating mode

• Increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources in the LowVoltage and Medium Voltage Network

• Move from Local Control to Model Based Volt/Var optimization

Trends

Keeping the voltages within the limits for reduced power losses and increased grid efficiency

Quality of power supply– Legislation and regulator demands– Customer requirements– Less and shorter outages– Voltage quality

Operational efficiency– Minimize the network losses– Optimise Network Utilisation

Environment, Quality, Efficiency, Reliability

Distribution Automation

1 September 2017 Slide 10

Distributed Energy Resources (DER)– Increased need to measure power flows/quality due to increaseddistributed generation

Challenges

Environmental Impact- Reduction of CO2- Increased Ability to host DER

Application overview

Distribution Automation Systems

Basic applications Advanced applications

Portfolio

Distribution Automation

Secondary andcommunicationequipmentpackaged togetherand factory tested

All the essentialdistributionautomationproducts formedium to lowvoltage

Systems Engineered packages/DA solutions Products

Engineered Distribution AutomationSystems, from control center, to primary,down to secondary substationautomation.

Primary equipmentpackaged withautomation fullyintegrated andfactory tested

All the essentialdistributionapparatusproducts formedium to lowvoltage

Volt-VAr managementIntroduction and concepts

Losses in a typical distribution grid (technical and non-technical)

Energy efficiency

Reactive power

Energy efficiency

Power factor correction

Energy efficiency

Restore the power factor as close to unity as iseconomically viable

Advantages– Reduction of power consumption due to improved

energy efficiency– Reduction of electricity bills– Reduction of Ohmic losses in transformers and

distribution equipment– Reduction of voltage drop in long cables

Power Factor = ۾

Traditional Volt-VAr control strategies

Volt-VAr Management

– Deploy fixed and switched capacitors to reduce VARflow losses and maintain acceptable voltage levels

– Install on-load tap changing transformers– Install single and three-phase line voltage regulators

(LVR)– Employ simple one-way communications systems: like

radio or PLC (power line carrier)– Results could only be measured back at the substation

and voltages out on the feeder could only beestimated through system models

Distribution Utilities

Increase grid’s hosting capacity

Volt-VAr Management

Installation next to an existing secondary substation orsupplied as an integrated part of a new substation

Advantages– Limiting the voltage rise enables integration larger

amount of renewables– MV and LV grid hosting capacity improvement– Avoids or reduces the need for grid expansion– Regulation device can be relocated– Fast and simple solution with low Capex

Line Voltage Regulator (LVR)

MV

LV LV LV

+10%

Un

-10%

Control and Optimization through automation

Volt-VAr Management

CVRVVO

VVC

CVRVVOVVC

VVC VVC

1) CVR: conservative Voltage Reduction2) VVO: Volt/VAr Optimization3) VVC: Volt/VAr Control

Three levels of Volt-VAr efficiency

Volt-VAr Management

– Single solution for entire grid– Standardized field devices– Advanced DMS functionality

– Combination of conventionalSCADA and flexibility of de-centralized solution

– Modular step-wise approach

– Quick response to problematicfeeders (e.g. LVR)

– Easy and flexible step-wiseapproach

Centralized / Integrated Semi-centralized / Coordinated De-centralized / Local

De-centralized concept

Volt-VAr Management

Information

Automation logic isrunning locally e.g. at Line

Voltage Regulator andsecondary substation level.

SCADA is just informed.

Tier 2Primary distribution

substations

Tier 3Secondary distribution

substations andLine Voltage Regultors

Tier 1Control centerSCADA/DMS

Feeder level VVC

De-centralized concept

Capacitor bank control based on local voltage, current,temperature and time of day

Advantages– Limited – changes must be made manually or remotely

at the capacitor banks– Least expensive alternative to implement

Disadvantages– A capacitor bank either supplies zero reactive power

(off state) or 100% of its capacity (on state)– Power factor correction and voltage reduction often

inconsistent with loss or demand reduction

Local Volt-VAr control

Semi-centralized concept

Volt-VAr Management

Control Information

Automation logic isrunning at primary

substation level.

SCADA is just informed.

Tier 2Primary distribution

substations

Tier 3Secondary distribution

substations andLine Voltage Regultors

Tier 1Control centerSCADA/DMS

Primary distribution substation

Semi-centralized concept

Adding two-way communications and Volt-VAr softwareto coordinate and control capacitors, voltage regulatorsand load tap changers in real time at primary substationlevel

Advantages– Near real-time adjustment of power settings– Up to 3.5% improvement in grid efficiency– Increases line capacity and reduces capital expenses– Improves asset utilization– Confirms cap bank is operational and gives indication

of asset health

Coordinated Volt-VAr control Primary distribution substation

Centralized concept

Volt-Var Management

Automation logic isrunning at control center

level.

Tier 2Primary distribution

substations

Tier 3Secondary distribution

substations andLine Voltage Regultors

Tier 1Control centerSCADA/DMS

Control

SCADA/DMS

Centralized concept

Utilizing network management software to optimize thepower factor downstream to customers, upstream tofeeders / substations and across the network

Additional advantages to coordinated VVC:– Increases reliability through better systemic load flow

management– Can reduce line losses by up to 10%– Can deliver power factor improvements up to .98

Integrated Volt-VAr control SCADA/DMS

-

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HV/MV

MV/LV

-------- -

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--------

HV/MV

MV/LV

--------

SCADA/DMS

Centralized concept

The optimization problem assumes the following basic form:

Minimize weighted sum of ((MW loss and/or MW load) + Voltageviolation + Current violation)

Subject to:• Nodal power flow equations• Consumer voltage range constraints• Equipment limit constraints

There are three different execution modes:• Automatic Run of VVO in Real-Time• Manual Run of VVO in Real-Time• And Manual Run of VVO in Simulation

How does the VVO really work? SCADA/DMS

From VVO to VOC

Centralized concept

© ABBNovember 27, 2017 | Slide 28

§ Full phase based network model§As switched real-time model§ Phase based non-linear model of network§Based on optimal power flow solution

VVOModel-based

VOCModel predictive control

§Next generation Voltage and VAR Optimization (VVO) basedon feedback control§Minimize demand (CVR)§Controls power factor§Maintains voltage within regulatory limits§Controls generation, regulating transformers and capacitors§Accounts for high penetration solar PV with autonomously

regulating solar PV

Volt-Var managementReferences

§ ABB‘s remote terminal unit as controlunit within LV-LVR

§ Monitoring and control function adjustline voltage

§ Improved power quality

§ Avoided to spend high costs for a newtransformer

§ Operational savings

§ Cyber-secure communication

§ A new solar plant with 134 kW wasinstalled§ Result was violation of voltage limits in

LV grid§ Distribution transformer did not have

regulation function

ReferenceIntegrating renewable energy with ease

BKW, SwitzerlandChallenge

Solution Benefit

§ Equipment for monitoring, voltage controland fault detection

§ Predictive Load Flow based on forecasts ofDER‘s

§ Topology change by remote controllableRMU via MicroSCADA Pro DMS600

§ Modular, scalable solutions

§ Detection of bottlenecks and voltageproblems in advance

§ New challenges caused by high share ofdistributed energy resources (DER)

§ Voltage control and optimization

§ Implementation of automationequipment in secondary substations

ReferencePredictive Load Flow based on forecasts of DER‘s

EnBW ODR and REG, Germany (Riesling)Challenge

Solution Benefit

§ Network Manager ADMS with SCADA,DMS (VVO, FLISR), OMS, Service Suiteand Focalpoint business analytics

§ Restoring power to nearly 1.2 millioncustomers without a phone call

§ Avoiding over 102 customer outageminutes

§ Improving power reliability by over 28%

§ Improve power quality and reliability

§ Develop a self-healing grid

§ Reduce operation costs

§ Extend life of electrical assets

ADMS ( DMS/ OMS/ SCADA)

Phase 1: SCADA, Phase: 2 OMS, Phase 3: DMS

Implement Volt-VAr and Self Healing (AutoRestoration) capability on the distribution grid

Service Suite integrated with ADMS for fastercrew deployment

ReferenceSelf-healing grid

Slide 291 September 2017

Benefit

Challenges

Solution

ImplementationCenterPoint, Energy, USA

Enabling you to see inside your grid

Summary

27 November 2017 Slide 33

• There is a solid business case to dealing with EnergyEfficiency by implementing some of the AdvancedDistribution Management application we’ve just discussed.

• The technology is available and more and more affordableto digitize the Distribution Network, enabling to drive theGrid in a Smarter way.

• Dealing with Network Losses isn’t a new problem.Advanced distribution management application supportedby field device information will optimize the Utilisation ofthe Distribution Network.

• The acceleration of DER Penetration brings more focus onthese challenges.

• Leverage on the Grid Modernisation trends, that bringmore granularity to our view of the Grid and allow theseapplication to perform best.