disertacia tevdoradze.pdf · 4 Sesavali saxeldeba sityvis qmnadobas, saxelisa da mniSvnelobis pirveldakavSirebas gulisxmobs. sakiTxs _ rogor myardeba kavSiri saxelsa da mniSvnelobas

Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universiteti

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

xelnaweris uflebiT

sofio Tamazis asuli TevdoraZe

sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisoba, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis

faqtori

disertacia

fsiqologiaSi filosofiur mecnierebaTa doqtoris akademiuri

xarisxis mosapoveblad

disertacia Sesrulebulia

Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis fsiqologiis

mimarTulebis bazaze.

xelmZRvaneli:

fsiqologiur mecnierebaTa doqtori

dali farjanaZe

Tbilisi

2011

2

sarCevi

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Tavi I. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTkavSiris bunebis Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

1.1. enobrivi niSnis problema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

1.2. saxeldebis problema eqsperimentul .fsiqologiaSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2

1.3. eqsperimentuli masalebi bunebrivi enis leqsikis saxeldebis

kanonzomieri xasiaTis Sesaxeb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5

Tavi II. problemis dayeneba da dasamtkicebeli debulebebi . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8

2.1. problema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8

2.2. dasamtkicebeli debulebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3

Tavi III. empiriuli nawili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6

3.1 .I eqsperimenti. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis

faqtoris kvleva iaponuri enis sityvebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3.2 .II eqsperimenti. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis


faqtoris kvleva Sveduri enis sityvebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4

3.3.III eqsperimenti. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis


faqtoris kvleva Sveduri enis sityvebze – bavSvTa saxlebSi. . . . . . . . . 101

3

3.4. Cveulebrivi skolebis da bavSvTa saxlebis cdispirTa

monacemebis Sedareba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2

Tavi IV. Sedegebis mimoxilva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9

4.1. mexsierebis klasifikacia aRdgenis maxasiaTeblebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, tulvingis mexsierebis ierarqiuli modelis

mixedviT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9

4.2. semantikuri praimingis gamovlinebis Sesaxeb saxeldebis

cdebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5

daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 2

literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 5

4

Sesavali

saxeldeba sityvis qmnadobas, saxelisa da mniSvnelobis

pirveldakavSirebas gulisxmobs. sakiTxs _ rogor myardeba kavSiri

saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris, ra udevs safuZvlad sityvis bgeriTi

mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTTan dakavSirebas, didi xnis istoria

aqvs. miuxedavad amisa, dRemde specialur literaturaSi, ZiriTadad, am

sakiTxis ramdenime gadawyvetis cda gvxvdeba:

1. saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri SemTxveviTia, pirobiTia,

nebismieria, mocemuli mniSvnelobis gamosaxatavad, sasurveli ,,ragind

ra“ bgeraTa kompleqsi SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli.

2. saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri kanonzomieri xasiaTisaa,

maT Soris kavSiri ar aris SemTxveviTi. mocemuli mniSvnelobis

gamosaxatavad nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsi ar gamodgeba.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi, saxeldebis sakiTxis gadawyveta dafuZnebulia

enaze dakvirvebiT miRebul masalaze, romelic emyareba mravalenianobis

faqts_erTi da igive sagani sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva saxeliT

aRiniSneba.

meore SemTxvevaSi, saxeldeba emyareba faqtebs, romelTa sisworeSi

eWvis Setanis safuZveli ar arsebobs. saxeldebis kanonzomier xasiaTze

miuTiTebs mravali eqsperimentuli masala, romlebic Tanamedrove

fsiqologebisa da enaTmecnierebis mier iqna dadgenili. saxeldebis

kanonzomiri buneba vlindeba C. foqsis, r. irvinis, r. devisis, z. fiSeris,

S. tsurus, p. frisis, d. uznaZis, a. bainduraSvilis da sxvaTa

eqsperimentul gamokvlevebSi.

d. uznaZe eqsperimentuli kvlevis analizis safuZvelze mivida im

daskvnamde, rom saxeldeba SeuZlebelia SemTxveviT movlenad CaiTvalos

da mas aqvs Tavisi fsiqologiuri safuZveli, romelTagan pirveladad da

yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovnad Tvlis iseT faqtorebs, rogorebicaa

`zogadi STabeWdileba, emociuri toni da moyvaniloba, romelSic

saxelsadebi obieqti da bgeraTa kompleqsi urTierTs xvdeba~ (d. uznaZe

gv. 59, 1956).

5

ganwyobis Teoriis mixedviT, saxeldeba obieqtis asaxvis Taviseburi

formaa, cnobierebis winare mocemulobaa, romelic subieqtSi ganwyobis

saxiT aris warmodgenili. aRniSnuli Teoriis mixedviT, sityvasa da

mniSvnelobas ganwyoba aSualebs da maT gaerTianebas, maT sinTezs

ganwyoba udevs safuZvlad.(d. uznaZe, 1956w).

Mmiuxedavad, imisa, rom d.uznaZem da misi skolis warmomadgenlebma

eqsperimentulad daasabuTes saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba, jer kidev

ganagrZobs arsebobas Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac sityvasa da

mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri SemTxveviT, arakanonzomier xasiaTs atarebs.

winaaRmdeg enobrivi niSnis pirobiTobis Teoriisa, yovelTvis unda

arsebobdes damatebiTi argumentebi, romlebic gamoavlens sityvis

bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris ara SemTxveviT, aramed

kanonzomier xasiaTs.

a. bainduraSvili (1971w) enobrivi niSnis pirobiTobis Teoriis

sawinaaRmdego, yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovan argumentad miiCnevs,

saxeldebis cdebSi cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis maRal

xarisxs. informacias, romelsac cdispirebi Rebuloben ucnobi enis

bgeriTi mxaridan, erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT

xasiaTdeba. masSi monawileobs pirveladi ganwyoba, romelic sxva

enobrivi koleqtivis wevrebisTvisac absoluturad identuria.

savaraudod, es aris yvela enaSi impliciturad Cadebuli fenomeni,

romelic scildeba individualuri gamocdilebis farglebs da yvela

eqsperimentSi sxvadasxva lingvisturi masalis, Tu sxvadasxva

situaciuri faqtoris (xanmokle da xangrZlivi mexsierebis

strategiebis) gamoyenebiT, vlindeba, rogorc koleqtiuri gamocdilebis

amsaxveli monacemi.

Cveni hipoTezis mixedviT, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisad gancdis unari xels unda uwyobdes da zrdides

daswavlis produqtiulobas. sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas

Soris urTierTmorgebuloba da urTierTSesatyvisoba mniSvnelovan

rols unda asrulebdes sityvebis dauflebisa da daswavlis procesSi.

naTqvamidan gamomdinare, erT-erTi sfero, romelSic SeiZleba

gamovlindes sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

6

urTierTSesatyvisobis xasiaTi, unda iyos mexsierebis procesebi,

kerZod, daswavlis procesi.

saxeldebis problemis irgvliv kvlevaTa simravlis miuxedavad, jer

ar momxdara sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze mexsierebis sxvadasxva formis

gavlenis Seswavla. Cveni eqsperimentuli kvlevis mizans warmoadgenda

pasuxis gacema Semdeg sakiTebze:

1.ra gavlenas axdens miwodebuli lingvisturi masalis

reproduqciaze mexsierebis sxvadasxva forma, kerZod, xangrZlivi da

xanmokle mexsiereba. rogoria mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis gavlena

saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze.

. eqsperimentis gansxvavebulad dagegmvis gziT, romelic cdispirebs

masalis aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda, vikvlieT mexsierebis

specifikuri, gansakuTrebuli roli saxeldebis procesSi.

2.aris Tu ara Sesatyvisoba sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas

Soris mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtori, stimuli da indikatori.

saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba unda vlindebodes mnemur efeqtSi. Cveni

hipoTezis mixedviT,es aris implicituri mexsiereba; igi praimingis saxiT

vlindeba da gavlena aqvs mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze. Cveni

eqsperimentis Sedegebi, semantikuri (konceptualuri) praimingis SesaZlo

gamovlinebas warmoadgens. konceptualuri testebi ki moiTxoven iseT

mimniSneblebs, rogoricaa mag.: kategoriebi, an zogad codnasTan

damakavSirebeli kiTxvebi, mimniSneblebi, romlebic mniSvnelobis

gaTvaliswinebas emyarebian ( Toth. H. 1996). saxeldebis kanonzomieri

bunebis amsaxvel yvela eqsperimentSi, swored cnobierebaSi mocemuli

Sinaarsis am Taviseburebas iTvaliswineben, radgan cdispirTa

umravlesoba, mocemul bgeraTa kompleqss Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi

ganwyobiT aRiqvams.

3. saxeldebis sakiTxi Cven davukavSireT mexsierebis Tanamedrove

Teoriebs (Tulving E., Schacter D.L. & Stark H.A. 1982). saxeldebis cdebSi

gamovlenili Sedegis safuZvels d. uznaZe ganwyobis TeoriiT xsnis. Cvens

eqsperimentebSi gamoikveTa gamocdilebis, rogorc ganwyobis, kognituri

aspeqtis mniSvneloba. gansxvavebiT individualuri gamocdilebisagan,

7

saxeldebis cdebSi saqme gvaqvs enaSi fiqsirebul e.w. ,,arqaul

gamocdilebasTan.‘‘

mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis gansxvavebulad moqmedebis

SesaZlebloba saxeldebis procesze, saxeldebis safuZvlis sakiTxis

garkvevisaTvis , vfiqrobT, axal arguments warmoadgens, xolo ganwyobis

meqanizmSi kognituri aspeqtebis gamokveTa aris is procesi, romelic

safuZvlad udevs bgeraTa kompleqssa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSirs.

4. eqsperimentebis Sedegad irkveva, rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da

mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis wvdomis unari gavarjiSebadia

da mis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs saganmanaTleblo profesiuli

gamocdileba. (a.bainduraSvili, 1971w.) magram sakvlevia:

a) Tu rogoria gansxvaveba saskolo asakSi am unaris mixedviT

dabali, saSualo da maRali socialuri fenis bavSvebs Soris, axdens Tu

ara maTze gavlenas yoveldRiuri yofiTi pirobebi.

b)ra mniSvnelobas iZens individualur-kognituri

gamocdileba(leqsikuri maragi da sxva) sxvadasxva asakobrivi da

genderuli jgufis cdispirebisaTvis, bavSvTa saxlebSi Cveulebriv

skolebTan SedarebiT.

amrigad, SevecadeT gamogvevlina im faqtorTa jgufi, romelsac

SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos sityvis bgeris mxaresa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze.

5. a.bainduraSvilis mier (a. bainduraSvili, 1971) mraval sxvadasxva

erovnebis (monolingvist) cdispirTan analogiuri meTodiT eqsperimentis

Catarebis Sedegad gairkva, rom informacias, romelsac eqsperimentis

pirobebSi iReben rogorc qarTveli, aseve ucxo enaze molaparake

cdispirebi, maTTvis sruliad ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriT mxareze

dayrdnobiT, erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT xasiaTdeba.

analogiuri Sedegebi iqna miRebuli ,r.braunis, a.blekisa da a.horoviCis

eqsperimentebSic (Brown R.W., Black A.H. & Horowitz A.E. 1955) kvlevis Sedegad,

yvelgan Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ratom xdeba , rom sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT gansxvavebul Sedegebs sworad amocnobil

sityvaTa raodenobis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa, rom cdebSi

gamoyenebuli yvela ucxo enis SemTxvevaSi, sworad amocnobili da

8

daxsomebuli ucxo enis sityvebi, SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli odenobis

farglebs scildeba. es sakiTxebi eqsperimentulad vikvlieT ori enis-

iaponuris da Sveduri enis safuZvelze.

aRniSnuli debulebebis gansaxorcieleblad dasaxuli iqna Semdegi

amocanebi:

1. saxeldebis sakiTxis irgvliv literaturis mimoxilvis safuZvelze,

sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemuri

efeqtis Sesaxeb, problemis dasabuTeba;

2. S.tsurusa da g. frisis meTodis modifikacia;

3. mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiebis SerCeva;

4. sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemur

efeqtze genderuli, asakobrivi da socialuri faqtorebis gavlena da

Sesabamisi jgufebis SerCeva;

5. miRebuli Sedegebis Teoriuli damuSaveba mexsierebis Tanamedrove

Teoriebis safuZvelze ( Tulving E., Schacter D.L. & (1982). Ashcraft M.N. (1994).

sadisertacio naSromis aqtualoba

Mmiuxedavad, imisa, rom d.uznaZem da misi skolis warmomadgenlebma

eqsperimentulad daasabuTes saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba, jer kidev

ganagrZobs arsebobas Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviT sityvasa da

mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri SemTxveviT, arakanonzomier xasiaTs atarebs.

Cvens SromaSi miRebuli monacemebi, sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da

mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis mexsierebaze gavlenis

moxdenis Sesaxeb, damatebiT arguments warmoadgens niSnis pirobiTobis

Teoriis sawinaaRmdegod, kerZod:

1. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisobis Seswavla

mexsierebis sxvadasxva formebze dayrdnobiT pirvelad Cvens SromaSia

ganxorcielebuli.

2. Cveni Sromis aqtualobas gansazRvravs, agreTve, sityvis bgeriTi

mxarisa da mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisobis mnemuri efeqtis, Tanamedrove

kogniturfsiqologiuri Teoriis safuZvelze (praimingis cnebaze

dayrdnobiT) axsna.

.

9

naSromis Teoriuli mniSvneloba mdgomareobs sityvis bgeriTi

mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis

intensifikaciis faqtoris rolis gamovlenaSi. saxeldebis kanonzomieri

buneba vlindeba mnemur efeqtSi, romelic swored mexsierebis aracnobier

formebTan aris dakavSirebuli. savaraudod, es aris implicituri

mexsierebis muSaobis Sedegi, romelic praimingis saxiT vlindeba da

gavlenas axdens mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze anu warmoadgens

mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors. aRniSnul mosazrebas saxeldebis

safuZvlis garkvevisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba, romelsac

SeuZlia naTelyos aracnobier doneze informaciis gadamuSavebis

SesaZlebloba.

Cveni eqsperimentebi adastureben, rom praimingi aadvilebs pasuxs

maRali tipiurobis mqone wyvilTaTvis.

Cvens kvlevaSi gamovlenili Sedegis, sityvis bgeriT mxarisa da

mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisobis mnemuri efeqtis, Teoriuli analizis

safuZvelze moxda d. uznaZis ganwyobis Teoriis kognituri aspeqtis

gamokveTa. rac Tanamedrove kogniturfsiqologiuri cnebis-praimingis

SemotaniT gaxda SesaZlebeli. zemoT moyvanili citatis WeSmariteba, rom

saxeldebas aqvs Tavisi fsiqologiuri safuZveli, romelTagan yvelaze

mniSvnelovania ,,zogadi STabeWdileba, emociuri toni da moyvaniloba,

romelSic saxelsadebi obieqti da bgeraTa kompleqsi urTierTs xvdeba~

(d. uznaZe gv. 59, 1956) , dasturdeba ramdenime aTeuli wlis Semdeg axali

da sruliad gansxvavebuli fsiqologiuri mimarTulebis safuZvelzec.

naSromSi gamovlenili Sedegebis analizi xdeba, m.aSkraftis (Ashcraft

M.N. 1994) mier warmodgenili modelis, semantikur mexsierebaSi

praimingis safuZvelze. saxeldebis SemTxvevaSic swored semantikur

(konceptualur) praimingis gamovlenasTan gvaqvs saqme. radgan

konceptualur testebSi, mexsierebis aRdgenisas moiTxoven iseT


damakavSirebeli kiTxvebi, mimniSneblebi, romlebic mniSvnelobis

gaTvaliswinebas emyareba ( Toth. H. 1996). xolo, saxeldebis kanonzomieri

bunebis amsaxvel yvela eqsperimentSi cnobierebaSi mocemuli Sinaarsis

10

swored am Taviseburebas iTvaliswineben, cdispirTa umravlesoba

mocemul bgeraTa kompleqss Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi ganwyobiT aRiqvams.

naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba naSromis praqtikuli

mniSvneloba gamoixateba imaSi, rom sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da

mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unaris da sxvadasxva

faqtoris(asaki, genderi, socialuri garemo) Taviseburebebis

gaTvaliswineba sayuradRebo iqneba meore ucxo enis swavlebis meTodikis

SemuSavebis procesSi. am sakiTxis warmatebiT gadawyveta ki SeuZlebelia

sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTdakavSirebis

meqanizmis, misi struqturisa da bunebis codnis gareSe.

sadisertacio naSromSi miRebuli kvlevis Sedegebi saSualebas

iZleva, SevafasoT sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTdakavSirebis meqanizmze mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiis

zemoqmedebis pirobebSi Msxvadasxva faqtorTa gavlena(asaki, genderi,

socialuri garemo).

kvlevis mecnieruli siaxle _ kvleviT damtkicda mexsierebis

sxvadasxva strategiiT moqmedebis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

saxeldebis cdebSi. kerZod, erT SemTxvevaSi, saxeldebis procesi

dasrulda (xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategia), xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi

bgeriTi mxaris saxelsadeb SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis

SemuSaveba xanmokle droSi ar moxerxda.

damtkicda agreTve, rom . saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba vlindeba

mnemur efeqtSi,romelic swored mexsierebis aracnobier formebTan aris

dakavSirebuli. savaraudod ,es aris implicituri mexsierebis muSaobis

Sedegi. implicituri mexsiereba praimingis saxiT vlindeba,romelic

gavlenas axdens mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgens

mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors. Cveni kvlevis farglebSi

sainteresod migvaCnia saxeldebis sakiTxi davukavSiroT mexsierebis

Tanamedrove Teoriebs.

11

cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis maRali xarisxi orive enis

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi miuTiTebs imaze, rom maTi arCevani emyareba

raRac iseTs, romelic cdispirebisaTvis SemTxvevaTa did umravlesobaSi

erTnairad misawvdomia. igi ar aris ganpirobebuli am bgeraTa

kompleqsiT gamowveuli asociaciebiT da, saerTod, enis Sualobis

SedegiT. savaraudod, es aris yvela enaSi impliciturad Cadebuli

fenomeni, romelic scildeba individualuri gamocdilebis farglebs da

yvela eqsperimentSi, sxvadasxva lingvisturi masalis Tu sxvadasxva

situaciuri faqtoris moqmedebis pirobebSi (xanmokle da xangrZlivi

mexsierebis strategiebis) vlindeba, rogorc ,,koleqtiuri

gamocdilebis’’ amsaxveli monacemi.

.

12

Tavi 1. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTkavSiris

bunebis Sesaxeb

. 1.1.enobrivi niSnis problema

ena adamianTa urTierTobis iaraRia, romelic aRmocendeba SromiT

procesSi; ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, igi adamianTa kultu-

rul_SemoqmedebiTi, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobisa da sxvadasxva

msoflmxedvelobis gamomxatvelia.

ena Seqmnilia adamianTa koleqtivis mier iseve, rogorc iqmneboda

sazogadoebrivi yofis pirvel safexurze materialuri kultura,

pirveladi moTxovnilebis sagnebi da TviTon koleqtiuri meurneobis

saxeebi (nadiroba TamaSi, sxvadasxva xeloba). maTi arsebobis SedarebiT

Semdeg safexurze ukve Seiqmna mecniereba da xelovneba (mxatvruli

literatura, mxatvroba, musika, simRera, cekva), samarTali da

sazogadoebrivi Rirebulebis sxva kategoriebi.

enaSi aisaxa zemoT CamoTvlili kacobriobis kulturis ganviTarebis

yvela stadia, yvela gza da safexuri.

metyvelebis (enis) warmoSobis problema miuxedavad Tavisi

sirTulisa erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli problemaa.

enis Seswavlisas saWiro xdeba masSi sxvadasxva sakiTxebis gamoyofa.

`saWiroa gairkves metyvelebis biologiuri wanamZRvrebi, urTierTobis

moTxovnilebis gaCenisaTvis saWiro aucilebeli pirobebi, ra iyo sawyisi

masala da rogoria saxelis da mniSvnelobis dakavSirebis meqanizmi,

metyvelebis stadiebi da sxva~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 gv. II).

metyveleba, ena gaCnda im momentidan, roca ama Tu im wamoZaxils,

sxvadasxva bgerebs garkveuli mniSvneloba daukavSirda, azri mieca.

amrigad azrovneba da metyveleba erTdroulad Caisaxa. metyvelebis

warmoSobis Sesaxeb Teoriebi, marTalia amomwuravad ver ganixilavs

problemis yvela mxares, magram verc erTi maTgani gverds ver auvlis

saxeldebis problemis gadawyvetas.

saxeldeba, sityvis qmnadobis, saxelisa da mniSvnelobis pirvel-

dakavSirebas gulisxmobs. sityvis aRqmisas es ori momenti – mniSvneloba

13

da bgeraTa kompleqsi – erTi Sinaarsis saxiT ganicdeba, misi qmnadoba

anu bgeraTa kompleqsisa da mniSvnelobis dakavSireba, raimes Sesaxeb

azris gamoxatvis saSualebac aris da SesaZleblobac. es procesi

socialurad ganpirobebuli fenomenia da socialur aqtivobad aRiqmeba.

antikur periodSi metyvelebis warmoSobis problema saxeldebis

sakiTxiT amoiwureboda. berZnuli lingvisturi azrovnebis pirvel

periodSi enobriv problemebs ZiriTadad filosofiur aspeqtSi

ganixilavdnen. gacxovelebuli diskusia warmoebda imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra

gansazRvravs ama Tu im sagnis saxels, mocemul sagans ratom ewoda es

saxeli da ara sxva. platonis dialog `kratilSi~ problema sakmaod

detalurad aris ganxiluli. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi mosazreba

gamoTqves heraklitem, demokritem, protagoram, epikurelebma, stoelebma

da sxva.

yvelaze aqtualuri problema, romelmac filosofosTa yuradReba

miiqcia, iyo sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis, aRmniSvnelsa da

aRsaniSns Soris urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi.

imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iqneboda gacemuli pasuxi zemoT aRniSnul

kiTxvebze, Seiqmna ori Teoria. dResac saxeldebis sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi

SeiniSneba ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba, romlebic antikur periodSi aseTi

saxiT Camoyalibda.

erTis mixedviT, saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri bunebrivia;

maT Soris saerTo – is, rac safuZvlad daedo saxeldebas obieqturad,

saxelmdeblisgan damoukideblad arsebobs, sagnis saxeli misi bunebiTaa

ganpirobebuli.

meore ki Tvlis, rom saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris saerTo

araferia, maTi dakavSireba SemTxveviT, nebismier xasiaTs atarebs;

mocemuli mniSvnelobis gamosaxatavad sasurveli `ra gind ra~ bgeraTa

kompleqsi SeiZleba yofiliyo gamoyenebuli. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,

saxeldeba ar aris kanonzomieri procesi.

sakiTxis pirvelnairi gadawyveta mocemulia e.w. xmamibaZvisa da

Sorisdebulebis TeoriebSi, romlebic jer kidev Zvelma berZnebma

wamoayenes. xmamibaZvisa da Sorisdebulebis Teoriebi amtkiceben, rom

14

bgerebsa da am bgerebis saSualebiT aRniSnul mniSvnelobebs Soris

arsebobs bunebrivi kavSiri.

am Teoriis mowinaaRmdegeni miuTiTeben, rom sityvaTagan, romlebsac

es Teoriebi emyarebian Cveulebriv sityvaTawarmoeba ar momdinareobs da

arc gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad aris miCneuli. sagnis xmis, misi

formis da sxva niSnebis mibaZvas saxeldebasTan araferi aqvs saerTo.

sagans garegan TvisebebTan erTad sakuTari arsic gaaCnia, mxolod arsis

mibaZviT miiReba saxeli.

xmamibaZvis principze agebuli sityvebi zustad arasodes ar

warmoadgenen bunebriv bgerebs, radganac es ukanasknelni

daunawevrebulni arian, metyveleba ki danawevrebulia. delakruas azriT,

xmamibaZvis principze agebuli sityvebis mcirericxovanobis Sesaxeb, rom

araferi vTqvaT es Teoria mecnierebis ukve ganvlil etaps warmoadgens.

saxeldebis meorenairi gadawyveta, romlis mixedviTac saxelsa da

mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri nebismieria, pirobiTia sawyiss aseve

antikuri saberZneTidan iRebs. problemis am saxiT gadawyvetam asaxva

hpova enobrivi niSnis pirobiTobis formaSi, romelic enobrivi niSnis

ZiriTad Taviseburebad Tvlis aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis kavSiris

srul nebismierobas, sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

Sinagani motivirebis ararsebobas. am Teoriis momxreTa Soris unda

aRiniSnos sen-simoni, j. loki, J. ruso, e. kondilaiki, f. de-sosiuri da

sxva.

saxeldebis amgvari gadawyveta gansakuTrebiT f. de-sosiuris Semdeg

gavrcelda da ZiriTadad misi koncefciis safuZvelze mimdinareobda.

f. de-sosiuris fundamentalur naSromSi `zogadi lingvistikis

kursi~ yuradRebas iqcevs enobrivi niSnis Tvisebebisa da raobis miseburi

interpretacia. enobrivi niSani – f. de-sosiuris azriT, sagansa da mis

saxels ki ar akavSirebs erTmaneTTan, aramed cnebasa da akustikur xats.

. orive es elementi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan da erTmaneTs

gulisxmobs. èna es niSanTa sistemaa, romelSic erTaderT arsebiTs

warmoadgens azrisa da akustikuri xatis SeerTeba, amasTan niSnis es

orive elementi Tanabrad fsiqikuria~ (sosiuri – 1933 w. gv. 39).

15

aseTi gansazRvra mniSvnelovan terminologiur sakiTxis wamoWris,

magram orazrovneba qreba, Tu samive arsebul cnebas iseTi saxelebi

daerqmeva, romlebic erTmaneTs gulisxmoben da Tan urTierTdapiri-

spirebulnic arian. sosiuri gvTavazobs SenarCunebul iqnas sityva

`niSani~ aRsaniSnavad, xolo termini `cneba~ da àkustikuri xati~

SevcvaloT Sesabamisad àRsaniSnaviTa~ da àRmniSvneliT~. am terminebis

upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom isini gadmoscemen rogorc maT

Soris arsebul dapirispirebas, aseve dapirispirebas mTelsa da mis

Semadgenel nawils Soris. rac Seexeba termins “niSani” sosiuri mas

sjerdeba, radganac sxva ufro Sesaferisi termini yoveldRiur sasaubro

enaSi ar arsebobs.

amgvarad, gansazRvrul enobriv niSans ori umniSvnelovanesi Tviseba

gaaCnia da amis Semdeg sosiuri ayalibebs enobrivi niSnis Sesaxeb

kvlevis ZiriTad principebs.

enobrivi niSani misi azriT, nebismieria. magram sityva nebismieri ar

unda iqnes gagebuli ise, TiTqos molaparakes SeeZlos aRmniSvnelis

Tavisuflad SerCeva. mas mxolod imis Tqma unda, rom aRmniSvneli

motivirebuli ar aris, e. i. nebismieria mocemuli aRsaniSnis mimarT,

romelTanac mas sinamdvileSi ar aqvs araviTari bunebrivi kavSiri

(sosiuri 1972 w.). sosiuri Tvlis, rom enis arseboba koleqtivis wevrebs

Soris erTgvari xelSekrulebis Sedegia, Tumca `niSnis nebismierobis

ZiriTadi principi xels ar gviSlis yovel enaSi ganvasxvaoT, is rac

safuZvelSive nebismieria, e.i. umotivacioa, imisgan rac mxolod

SedarebiT nebismieria – amgvarad niSnis nebismierobis gverdiT is uSvebs

aranebismier niSnebsac da askvnis, rom niSani SeiZleba iyos SedarebiT

motivirebuli” (sosiuri 1933 w. gv. 127-128). magram gadamwyveti mniSvne-

loba, rac ganapirobebs enobrivi niSnis nebismier xasiaTs aris is, rom

enis pirveladi ZiriTadi masala ar aris motivirebuli. debuleba

aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis kavSiris nebismierobis Sesaxeb emyareba da

xsnis mravalenianobis faqts, miuTiTebs imaze, rom saxeli ar aris sagnis

asaxva.

sosiurs enobrivi niSnis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli Sexedulebis gamo

usayvedureben araTanmimdevrobas, is erTi mxriv enobriv niSans

16

gansazRvravs, rogorc cnebisa da akustikuri xatis erTianobas, xolo,

meore mxriv, niSnis nebismierobaze msjelobisas mxedvelobaSi aqvs

saxelis mimarTeba saganTan. rac Seexeba aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis

kavSiris nebismier, aramotivirebul, SemTxveviT xasiaTs, es debuleba

uyoymanod aris gaziarebuli.

rogorc vxedavT, enobrivi niSnis TeoriebSi, gvaqvs saxeldebis

sakiTxis orgvari gadawyveta:

1. aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis dakavSireba kanonzomieri xasiaTisaa,

igi motivirebulia, maT Soris kavSiri ar aris SemTxveviTi, nebismieri,

mocemuli aRsaniSnis aRmniSvnelad nebismieri bgeriTi kompleqsi ar

gamodgeba.

2. aRsaniSnisa da aRmniSvnelis dakavSireba ar aris motivirebuli,

es kavSiri SemTxveviTia, pirobiTia, nebismieria, mocemuli aRsaniSnis

aRmniSvnelad nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsi gamodgeba.

pirvelnairi gadawyveta emyareba faqtebs, romelTa sisworeSi eWvis

Setanis safuZveli ar arsebobs, kerZod: yovel enaSi piqtoraluri

momentebis Semcveli sityvebis sakmao raodenobiT arseboba, bunebrivi

enebis sxvadasxva kategoriis sityvebSi fonemaTa sxvadasxvagvari

ganawileba, mravalmxriv da mravalricxovan gamokvlevaTa Sedegebi. (am

gamokvlevaTa Sesaxeb Cven saubari gveqneba SemdegSi).

meorenairi gadawyveta emyareba mravalenianobis faqts – erTi da

igive sagani sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva saxeliT aRiniSneba.

Tu yovel Sinaarss moepoveba Tavisi Sesatyvisi bgeraTa kompleqsi –

cxadia, es imasac niSnavs, rom garkveul Sinaarss imdeni Sesatyvisi

aRmniSvneli moepoveba, ramdeni enac arsebobs. swored miuTiTebs a.

bainduraSvili, rom `sinamdvilis erTi da imave faqtis, am SemTxvevaSi

aRsaniSnisa da aRniSnulis mimarT, gamoTqmuli ori urTierTsapirispiro

da urTierTgamomricxavi debuleba ar SeiZleba Tanabrad marTebuli

iyos, erT-erTi maTgani mcdaria~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 36).

marTalia aRniSnulisa da aRmniSvnelis mimarTebis nebismierobis da

aramotivirebulobis debulebis sasargeblod wamoyenebul argumentebs

Soris angariSgasawevi argumentebic arsebobs, magaliTad iseTebi

rogorebic aris, erTi da igive sagani sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva

17

saxeliT aRiniSneba, saxeli ar warmoadgens sagnis asaxvas da a. S. magram

rogorc a. bainduraSvili aRniSnavs, debuleba aRsaniSnisa da aRniSnu-

lis dakavSireba pirobiTia, nebismieri da a. S. ara mxolod logikuri

TvalsazrisiT ar gamoiyureba unaklod, aramed TavisTavad ar unda iyos

marTebuli. amis dasamtkiceblad a. bainduraSvils mohyavs ramodenime

argumenti:

1. mocemuli mniSvnelobis aRmniSvnelad winaaRmdeg niSnis

nebismierobis Teoriisa, nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsi ar gamodgeba jer

erTi imitom, rom sityvis bgeriTi garsis konstruireba xdeba ara

nebismieri bgerebisagan, aramed garkveuli enis bgerebisagan, romlebic

mis fonologiur sistemas qmnian da amitom imyofebian garkveul

urTierTmimarTebaSi, rogorc erTmaneTTan, aseve sxva enis struqturul

elementebTan.

2. mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganviTarebis Sedegad ena sul axal-

axali sityvebiTa da terminebiT ivseba. miuxedavad amisa “xelovnuri”

sityvebis Seqmna Zalian iSviaTi movlenaa da siZneles warmoadgens.

rogorc a. bainduraSvili aRniSnavs, aseT siZneles adgili ar unda

hqondes, Tu saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri nebismieria, iseve

rogorc ar unda arsebobdes `raRac, rac arCevans winaswar

gansazRvravda.~ `maSasadame, winaaRmdeg enobrivi niSnis nebismierobis

Teoriisa, enis axali sityvebiT Sevsebis praqtika gviCvenebs, rom saxelTa

SerCevisas, saxedebisas, yovelTvis dgas sakiTxi, saxelis ukeTes-

uaresobis Sesaxeb, yovelTvis aris raRac, rac SeuZlebels xdis

nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsi nebismieri aRsaniSnis saxelad iqnes

gamoyenebuli~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 62).

3. nebismieri bgerebis nebismier SinaarsTan dakavSirebis damateba

aucileblobiT moiTxovs ara marto abstraqtiuli azrovnebis unaris

daSvebas, aramed daSvebas, rom ena Segnebuli qmnadobis Sedegia, rac

Tanamedrove mecnierebis monacemebs ewinaaRmdegeba.

4. Tu ki pirvelyofilma adamianma SeZlo da daamyara kavSiri

aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris da am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar

mieqca es dakavSireba cnobierad moxda, abstraqtuli azrovnebiTi

operaciebis gamoyenebis saSualebiT Tu ara; es jer kidev ar aris

18

sakmarisi, mTavaria am kavSiris gamoyeneba momxdariyo komunikaciis

mizniT.

imis gamo, rom kavSiri nebismieria, pirobiTia, cxadia am sazoga-

doebis jgufis yovel wevrs SeeZlo gansxvavebuli bgeraTa kompleqsi

daekavSirebina am SinaarsTan – es ki urTierTgagebinebas gaxdida

SeuZlebels. nebismierad gamogonili sityvebis gverdiT enaSi yovelTvis

aris yvelasaTvis erTnairad gasagebi araxelSekrulebis gziT miRebuli

sityvebi. es ki ewinaaRmdegeba ZiriTad debulebas, `rom ena arsebobs

mxolod erTgvari xelSekrulebis ZaliT~.

5. saxelisa da referentis nebismieri kavSiris daswavlisaTvis

aucilebelia am kavSiris mravalnair situaciaSi mravaljeradi

ganmeoreba. es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs bgeraTa kompleqsis nebismierad

warmoebis unaris arsebobas, rac saTanado motoruli grZnobis qonebis

gareSe SeuZlebelia, xolo nebismieri bgeraTa kompleqsis mimarT aseTi

grZnobis arsebobis daSveba SeuZlebelia.

6. f. sosiuri asociacianistur gavlenas ganicdis. misi debulebis

mixedviT, aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris damakavSirebel meqanizms

asociacia warmoadgens. ramdenad gamarTlebulia aRniSnul komponentebs

Soris damyarebuli kavSiris meqanizmad miviCnioT asociacia? rogorc

cnobilia, or movlenas Soris rom asociaciuri kavSiri damyardes,

aucilebelia asociaciis damyarebamde es ori movlena adamianis

cnobierebaSi cal-calke iyos mocemuli. asociacia meordeba am or

movlenas Soris droSi ramdenjerme, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi erTxel

mainc gancdis Sedegad. imis gamo, rom asociaciur kavSirSi asociaciis

wevrebi damoukidebel arsebobas inarCuneben, aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels

Soris asociaciuri kavSiris daSvebiT vRebulobT, rom aRsaniSni da

aRmniSvneli adamianis cnobierebaSi cal-calke aRmocendeba. asociaciuri

kavSiri gamowveulia droSi mezoblobiT da ara Sinagani kavSiriT.

asociaciis wevrebs Soris mxolod meqanikuri, garegani kavSiria. anu Tu

davuSvebT, rom aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris kavSiri asociaciuria,

maSin miviRebT, rom metyveleba niSanTa erTobliobaa, romelic gvagonebs

am niSnebTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelobebs. aranairi aucileblobiT ar

aris ganpirobebuli metyvelebis unaris mqone adamianebSic ki, rom

19

azrovneba mxolod metyvelebaSi gamovlindes. aseTi msjelobiT miviRebT,

rom azrovnebas Tavisi arseboba aqvs da aranairi kavSiriT ar aris

dakavSirebuli metyvelebasTan. es ki Tanamedrove mecnierebis monacemebs

ar Seesabameba (a. bainduraSvili 1991 w. gv. 67). Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi

eqsperimentulad dasabuTebulia, rom `bgeraTa kompleqsebisa da

garkveuli obieqtebis asociaciur dakavSirebas arasodes ar Seswevs

Zala bgerebis kompleqsi obieqtis saxelad aqcios: am niadagze,

saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, rom bgeram signalis mniSvneloba

moipovos~ (d. uznaZe 1940 w. gv. 392). sityva signali ar aris. sityvebs Cven

mis mniSvnelobebTan erTad mTlianobaSi ganvicdiT. gancdis es

mTlianoba azrovnebis Sedegia. azrovnebis Sedegad sityva, rogorc bgera

hkargavs Tavis damoukidebel arsebobas da mniSvnelobis matarebeli

xdeba. mxolod amis Semdeg gadaiqceva bgera sityvad. mxolod amis Semdeg

qmnian bgerebi metyvelebas (r. naTaZe 1945 w. gv. 165-166). sityvis pirobiT

niSnad miCnevas ar eTanxmeba d. ramiSvili, romelic samarTlianad

miuTiTebs, rom `sityvis pirobiT niSnad aRiareba ZiriTadad gulisxmobs

sityvis orive arsebiTi momentis, bgerisa da mniSvnelobis winaswar

mocemulobas subieqtisaTvis. is gulisxmobs, rom es momentebi subieqtis,

saxeldobr, misi cnobierebis winaswari kuTvnilebaa. swored es

igulisxmeba sityvis konvencionalobaSi. amis gamo fsiqologiuri

TvalsazrisiT ar aris marTebuli sityvis pirobiT niSnad miCneva,

vinaidan sityvis gamoyenebis kanonzomiereba ar eyrdnoba aRmniSvnelisa

da aRsaniSnis winaswar dauflebas cnobierebis mier, sul erTia – am

cnobierebis subieqtad calkeul pirovnebas miviCnevT, Tu sazogadoebas~

(d. ramiSvili 1957 w. gv. 12). d. uznaZis mixedviT, sityva, enobrivi

ganwyobiT Seqmnili fenomenia –enobribi ganwyoba ki, misi azriT enis

Sinaformaa.

sityva bgeraTa kompleqsisa da mniSvnelobis organuli erTianobaa,

es erTianoba enobrivi ganwyobiT xorcieldeba. “sityva mniSvnelobisa da

bgeris erTianobas warmoadgens, ase vTqvaT, sinTezs oris sruliad

gansxvavebuli, heterogenuli procesisa . . . maS, rogoraa SesaZlebeli,

rom igini urTierTs xvdebodnen da sityvaSi gaerTianebuli saxiT

gvevlinebodnen? sityva, rogorc ideisa da bgeriT-motoruli formis

20

ganawevrebuli mTlianobaa, specifikuri enobrivi ganwyobis realizacias

warmoadgens . . . `mis `Sinaformas~ ara enis ìnteleqtualuri nawili~

(humboldti 1936 w.) an esa Tu is fsiqologiuri Sinaarsi (vundti 1913 w.),

aramed ganwyoba qmnis. `sityvasa da mniSvnelobas ganwyoba aSualebs, maTs

gaerTianebas, maTs sinTezs ganwyoba udevs safuZvelad~” (d. uznaZe 1947

w.).

7. da bolos xmamibaZvis, Sorisdebulebis da sxva Teoriebs, romel-

Ta mixedviTac kavSiri aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris kanonzomier

xasiaTs atarebs, TavianTi mtkicebis damadasturebeli faqtebi mohyavT,

kerZod, yovel enaSi piktoraluri sityvebis arsebobis faqti. is, vinc

saxelsa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSirs nebismierad, pirobiTad acxadebs,

valdebulia es faqtebi axsnas. nebismierobis Teoriis warmomadgenlebi

ver axerxeben TavianT principebze dayrdnobiT axsnan piqtoraluri

sityvebi da sabolood iZulebulni xdebian enis leqsika ori kategoriis

sityvebad dahyon. rac ukve TavisTavad sakiTxis gadawyvetis sisusteze

miuTiTebs. amgvarad enebrivi niSnis pirobiTobis TeoriaSi saxedebis

sakiTxis gadawyveta mravali seriozuli naklovanebebiT xasiaTdeba.

SesaZlebelia Tu ara sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

eqsperimentuli kvleva?

saxeldebis problemis eqsperimentuli kvleva mTel rig

siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. umTavresi siZnele uznaZis azriT,

mainc imaSi mdgomareobs, rom eqsperimentisaTvis Sesaferisi cdispiri ar

arsebobs. paulis TqmiT, sityvaTa pirvelqmnadobis arsi imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom èsa Tu is bgeraTa jgufi Seufarddeba ama Tu im

warmodgenaTa jgufs, romelic Semdeg mis mniSvnelobad iqceva, magram es

Sefardeba uTuod ise xdeba, rom verc erTma warmodgenaTa jgufma,

romelic ukve dakavSirebulia bgeraTa gansazRvrul jgufTan ver unda

SeZlos raime Suamavlobis gaweva~ (g. pauli 1960 w.). magram radgan

Tanamedrove adamiani ganviTarebuli enis atmosferoSi cxovrobs, rogor

unda SeZlos ise, rom bgeraTa kompleqsis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebis

dros ukve saxeldebulis raime warmodgenis Suamavlobas ar mimarTos?

amrigad eqsperimentul pirobebSi yovelTvis iarsebebs iseTi raRac, rac

TiTqosda SeuZlebels gaxdis sityvaTa pirvelqmnilobis procesis

21

daxasiaTebas, amis mizezad g. paulsa da d. uznaZes miaCniaT asociaciebi,

riTac es Sinaarsebi ukavSirdeba saxelmdeblis mier memkvidreobiT

miRebul gonebriv masalas.

es ueWvelad qmnis did siZneles, magram meore mxriv arc imis

uaryofa SeiZleba, rom Tanamedrove kulturul enebSic warmoebs axali

enobrivi masalis Semoqmedeba, rom aseTi Semoqmedeba arc arasodes

Sewyvetila da albaT arc arasodes Sewydeba. verc imas vityviT, rom

pirvelyofili adamianis is SesaZleblobebi, romlebic enis Semoqmedebas

edo safuZvlad, enis warmoSobasTan erTad moispo da Tanamedrove

adamianis enobrivi Semoqmedeba principulad gansxvavebul procesebs

Seicavs. es Sexedulebebi ukugdebul iqna.

paulis azriT, aRniSnuli siZnele SesaZlebelia moxsnilad

CaiTvalos da cdispirad Tanamedrove adamianic gamosadegad iqnes

miCneuli. Tanamedrove adamiansac xSirad uxdeba am sakiTxis gadawyveta.

igi xSirad xvdeba enaSi axal aRuniSnav movlenebs da iZulebulia

moaxdinos maTi saxeldeba. saxeli mis mier ise unda iqnes SerCeuli, rom

rac SeiZleba naklebi asociaciebi aRZras nacnob saganTa mimarT. d.

uznaZis saxeldebis cdebi, swored iseT SemTxvevebs exeba, roca

Tanamedrove adamians uxdeba ucnobi obieqtebis saxeldeba garkveuli

sityvieri masaliT. Tumca, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs “sruliad

indiferentuli masala adamianisaTvis da isic TanamedrovesaTvis ar

arsebobs . . . sanam pirvelyofili adamiani sityvis saxeldebis funqcias

SeimuSavebda, igi ukve icnobda bgeraTa kompleqsebsa da Jestebis enas,

viTarca afeqtTa da survilTa sityvebs. misi gansxvaveba Tanamedrove

adamianTan SedarebiT, romelic aRniSnuli pirobebSia Cayenebuli,

principialurisa da arsebiTi bunebisad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. amitom

Tanamedrove adamianis saxeldebis fsiqologiis gaTvaliwineba, garda

imisa, rom es TavisTavadia, sainteresoa, uTuod mogvcems xelT zog iseT

debulebaT, romelTaganac daskvna pirveladi enobrivi Semoqmedebis

Sesaxebac SeiZleba moxerxdes (d. uznaZe 1956 w. gv. 4).

a. bainduraSvili Tvlis, rom saxeldebis procesis eqsperimentuli

kvlevis marTebuloba-umarTebuloba, misi Sedegebis adgilisa da

22

mniSvnelobis rolis gansazRvra, unda gadawydes am kvlevis Sedegebis

safuZvelze da ara winaswar miRebuli Teoriuli mosazrebebis mixedviT.

saxeldebis problemis, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTmimarTebis eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebis mimoxilva

gvaZlevs imis Tqmis saSualebas, rom kvleva SesaZlebelia, xolo

Sedegebi – sakmaod mniSvnelovani (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w.).

1.2. saxeldebis problema eqsperimentul fsiqologiaSi

saxeldebis problemis eqsperimentuli kvleva Cveni saukunis ociani

wlebidan iwyeba. 1916 w. j. ingliSma gamoaqveyna eqsperimentuli

gamokvleva, romelic miznad isaxavda gaerkvia `sakuTari saxelebis

fiziognomiis roli am saxelebis matarebel ucnob individebze

SemuSavebuli warmodgenebis ragvarobaSi~.

es gamokvleva sawyiss iRebs k. kolaritsisa da e. klaparedis

gamokvlevebidan (1914 w.). k. kolaritsis dakvirvebis masalebis analizis

Sedegad askvnis, rom ucnob individebze, literaturul gmirebze an

ucnob adgilmdebareobaze Cven mier SemuSavebuli vizualuri xati

SeiZleba gansazRvruli iyos misi azrebiT, stiliT, nacionalobiT, misi

saxelisa da profesiis msgavsebiT nacnob pirovnebebTan da sxva.

e. klaparedi, k. kolaritsis am gamokvlevis ganxilvisas miuTiTebs,

rom aseTi vizualuri xatebis ragvaroba sxva faqtorebTan erTad

mniSvnelovnad aris gansazRvruli agreTve `sakuTari saxelebis

fiziognomiiTac~ – saxelis JReradobas aqvs afeqturi toni, romelic

monawileobs am saxelis matarebeli individis Sesaxeb gonebrivi xatis

SemuSavebaSi. klaparedis azriT, sakuTari saxelebis fiziognomia ar

SeiZleba iyos individualuri faqtori, radganac es saxelebi yvela

mkiTxvelSi analogiur efeqts iwvevs.

j. ingliSma eqsperimentulad Seamowma e. klaparedis zemoT

moyvanili mosazreba: man Caatara cdebis sami varianti: 1. cdispirebs

aZlevda maTTvis ucnobi adamianebis saxelebs da sTxovda aReweraT am

23

saxelebis matarebeli individebi; 2. adamianTa saxelebis nacvlad

cdispirebs eZleodaT uazro bgeraTa kompleqsebi da evalebodaT

aReweraT adamianebi, romlebsac SeiZleboda hqonodaT zustad aseTi

saxeli; 3. cdispirebs aCvenebdnen ucnobi individebis suraTebs da

avalebdnen saxeli SeerCiaT maTTvis.

j. ingliSis eqsperimentebSi, rogorc TviTon miuTiTebs,

fiziognomiis mxolod ramodenime SemTxveva gamovlinda. `Tu aviRebT 500

Cvenebas, Sedegi negatiuria~. ar arsebobs konstanturi an mudmivi,

erTgvarovani tendencia cdispirebs Soris arc erTi da igive saxeli-

saTvis msgavsi tipis warmodgenaSi, arc erTi da imave suraTisaTvis

msgavsi saxelis micemaSi.

e. alspaCi (1917 w.) agrZelebs ingliSis mier wamowyebul kvlevas. man

Tavis erTaderT cdispirs, romelic adre ingliSis cdebSi

monawileobda, ukiTxavda 50 uazro sityvas da sTxovda aRewera

pirovneba, romelsac SeiZleba rqmeoda es saxeli. cdispiris

TviTdakvirvebis masalebidan gamoirkva, rom mowodebul “saxelTagan”

zogierTi miuTiTebda nacionalobaze, zogierTi ki ufro konkretuli

pirovnebis saxelad ganicdeboda. zogjer gadamwyveti mniSvneloba

eniWeboda asociaciebs, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki cdispiris qcevis

ganmsazRvreli iyo `sityvis~ bgeriTi mniSvneloba.

j. ingliSis da e. alspaCis gamokvlevebSi miRebuli Sedegebi ar

ganixileboda saxeldebis problemasTan mimarTebaSi, magram maTi

gamokvlevebis Sedegad vlindeba faqti, romelic metad mniSvnelovania

saxeldebis problemisaTvis. kerZod, cdaSi gamoyenebuli bgeraTa

kompleqsebi cdispirebis mier `ganicdeba iseTi Tvisebebis matarebl;ad,

romlebic Seesityvebian im STabeWdilebas, romelsac cdispirSi esa Tu

is individi iwvevs~. amasTan dadginda, rom bgeraTa kompleqsiT

gamowveuli es STabeWdilebebi xasiaTdebian erTgvari intraindivi-

dualuri konstantobiT.

aseve unda avRniSnoT z. fiSeris (1922 w.) gamokvleva, Tumca

saxeldebis problemis kvleva arc mas hqonia miznad dasaxuli.

z. fiSeri ikvlevs process, Tu rogor xdeba bgeriTi kompleqsi

sagnis saxeli da imas Tu rogor myardeba kavSiri saxelsa da

24

mniSvnelobas Soris. igi Tavis cdispirebs awvdida uazro naxazebs da

uazro bgeraTa kompleqsebs, romlebic am naxazebis saxelebi unda

yofiliyvnen. cdaSi gamoyenebuli iyo eqvsi figura. TiTo figuris

eqsponireba 5 wams grZeldeboda. cdispirebs igive figurebs meoredac

awvdidnen, oRond sxva TanmimdevrobiT. 5 wuTiani Sesvenebis Semdeg

cdispirebs aZlevdnen naxazs da sTxovdnen daesaxelebinaT is bgeraTa

kompleqsi, romelTa kavSirSic igi maT wina eqsponirebisas miawodes. (I

seria) cdis II seriaSi uazro naxazebis nacvlad gamoyenebuli iyo

adamianTa fotografiuli suraTebi da maTTvis nebismierad SerCeuli

saxelebi – uazro bgeraTa kompleqsebi.

am cdaSi metad mniSvnelovani faqti gamovlinda saxeldebis

problemisaTvis. saxeldobr: ùazro bgeraTa kompleqsebi cdispirebis

mier yovelTvis ar ganicdebodnen am obieqtebis saxelebad rodesac

bgeraTa kompleqsi gvevlineboda rogorc saxeli, igi Zlier Taviseburad,

sxva bgeraTa kompleqsisgan gansxvavebulad ganicdeboda. misi mosmenis an

warmoTqmis dros damkvirvebels `mxedvelobaSi hqonda” obieqti, anda

TviTon iyo mimarTuli misken~.

amasTan dakavSirebiT a. bainduraSvili xsnis fiSeris kvlevisas

miRebul Sedegebs da aRniSnavs, rom mizezi imisa, Tu ratom ganicdeba

zogierTi bgeraTa kompleqsi rogorc maTTan dakavSirebuli obieqtis

saxeli da zogierTi ara dakavSirebulia azrdebis procesTan. àzrdeba

rom ganxorcieldes, bgeraTa kompleqsi am Sinaarsis saxelad unda

ganicdebodes, garda mniSvnelobasTan kavSirisa. unda akmayofilebdes

kidev raRac sxva moTxovnebs~. misi azriT, (rac a. bainduraSvilis

eqsperimentebSic gamovlinda) dakavSirebuli da gaerTianebuli

saxelsadebi Sinaarsi aucileblad gancdaSic erT mTlianobaSi unda

iyos warmodgenili. aRmoCnda, rom azriT erTobas yovelTvis ar axlavs

Tan Sinaarsisi gancdis erTianoba, mTlianoba. cnebis codna da misi

gancda erTi da igive ar unda iyos. aucilebelia cdis pirma saxelsadeb

Sinaarss Tavisi codnis sistemaSi Sesaferisi adgili miuCinos (a.

bainduraSvili 1971w.).

miuxedavad am gamokvlevebisa, saxeldebis problemis eqsperimentuli

kvlevis pionerad da fuZemdeblad iTvleba d. uznaZe, radgan rogorc

25

zemoT avRniSneT arc j. ingliSi da arc e. alspaCi miznad ar isaxavdnen

saxeldebis problemis kvlevas.

d. uznaZis gamokvleva `saxeldebis fsiqologiuri safuZvlebi~

qarTul enaze 1923 wels, xolo germanulad 1924 wels gamoqveynda. es iyo

pirveli eqsperimentuli gamokvleva, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara,

saerTod, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis kavSiris bunebis

Sesaxeb eqsperimentul kvlevas. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom d. uznaZisaTvis

j. ingliSisa da e. alspaCis gamokvlevebi cnobili ar iyo.

d. uznaZem saxeldebis fsiqologiuri safuZvlebis sakvlevad

gamoiyena eqvsi uazro naxazi. `TiToeuli maTgani ise iyo Sedgenili, rom

SeZlebisdagvarad arc erTi nacnobi sagnis warmodgena ar unda gamoewvia

asociaturad. damzadebuli iyo agreTve eqvsi calke furceli,

romlebzec sammarcvliani sityvebi iyo Camowerili (TiToze – rva),

magaliTad: izayuj, uberif, loyazu da sxva.

. . . cdispirs eZleoda 5 wamiT TiToeuli naxazi, igi unda

Cahkvirveboda mas da SeZlebisdagvarad naTlad aReqva. mas winaswar

eZleoda ganmarteba, rom TiToeuli es naxazi magiuri niSani iyo da

TiToeul maTgans Tavisi saxeli hqonda, romelic mas uazro

sammarcvliani kompleqsidan unda amoerCia. cdispirs unda gadaekiTxa is

furceli romelic mas TiToeuli naxazis eqspoziciis Semdeg eZleoda

da Sesaferisi kompleqsi amoerCia . . . saxelis amorCevis Semdeg TiToeuli

cdispiri iZleoda angariSs Tavis gancdaTa Sesaxeb, romlis

dawvrilebiTi oqmi iqve dgeboda~ (d. uznaZe 1956 w.).

eqsperimentis Sedegad gairkva, rom `sityva SemTxveviT ki ar

ukavSirdeba obieqts da maSasadame igi SemTxveviT ki ar Rebulobs

saxelwodebis funqcias Tavis Tavze, aramed Cveulebriv, sityvisa da

obieqtis warmodgenaTa mimerTebis monacem Sesaferisobas emyareba,

romelSic sityvisa da obieqtis mniSvneloba urTierTs xvdeba~. am

komponentebis Sexvedris oTxi gansxvavebuli gza arsebobs: 1. arsebulis

cnobili enis sityvebis `saxelTa mimsgavsebis gziT ganzraxulis bgeriT

kompleqsTan. 2. saxelsadebi obieqtisa da bgeriTi kompleqsis moyvani-

lobaTa SeTanxmebulobis cnobierebis gziT; 3. maTi emocionaluri

komponentebis Sedarebis gziT; 4. im Taviseburi mdgomareobis gancdis

26

Sesaferisobis gziT, romelic Tan axlavs orTave relatis aRqmas, da

romelsac cdispirni saerTo STabeWdilebis saxelwodebiT axasiaTeben . . .

~ (d. uznaZe 1956 w.). aRniSnuli oTxi gzidan sami ukanaskneli iZleva

saxeldebisaTvis mtkice safuZvels. xolo pirveli, nacnobi enis

Suamavloba, miuxedavad imisa rom dRevandeli adamianisatvis Yvelaze

ufro bunebrivi gzaa, mtkice Sesaferisobis gancdas naklebad gvaZlevs.

d. uznaZis eqperimentebiT gamovlenili Sedegebi ZiriTadad mis mier

dasaxuli mimarTulebiT SemdgomSi warmoebul bevr sxva gamokvlevaSic

dadasturda: miuxedavad imisa, rom cdebi sxvadasxva asakisa da

sxvadasxva enaze molaparake cdispirebze tardeboda.

d. uznaZis cdebSi gamovlinda: 1. bgeriTi kompleqsi cdispiris mier

garkveuli saxelis funqciis matareblad ganicdeba. e.i. j. ingliSisa da

e. alspaCis eqsperimentebSi gamovlenili faqti, zogadi xasiaTisaa da ar

warmoadgens mxolod sakuTari saxelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebels. 2.

bgeriT kompleqssa da mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiri rom damyardes,

saWiroa bgera kompleqsi saxelmdeblis saxelsadebi Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi

saxelis funqciis matareblad ganicdebodes. 3. ama Tu im bgeraTa

kompleqsis garkveuli saxelis funqciis matareblad gancda

interindividualuri konstantiobiT xasiaTdeba, radgan saxelsadebi

SinaarsisaTvis SerCeul saxelTa damTxvevis xarisxi sakmaod didia da

SeuZlebelia SemTxveviTobiT iyos ganpirobebuli. 4. bgeraTa kompleqsis

garkveuli saxelis funqciis matareblad gancda intraindividualuri

konstantiobiTac xasaTdeba (d. uznaZe 1956 w.).

d. uznaZis Semdeg am mimarTulebiT bevri gamokvleva Sesrulda: v.

koleri, C. foqsi, f. irvini, e. niulendi, r. devisi, a. bainduraSvili da

sxvebi.

v. kolers saxeldebis eqsperimentuli kvleva specialurad ar

uwarmoebia, magram sxvadasxva grZnobaTa organoebidan miRebul

STabeWdilebaTa msgavsebis sakiTxis ganxilvis dros, moyavs metad

sagulisxmo eqsperimenti, romelmac Semdgom didi gavlena moaxdina

saxeldebis Semdgom eqsperimentalur Seswavlaze. igi cdispirebs

sTavazobda ori faqturis naxazs, romelTagan erTi texilia, xolo

meore mrude xazi. moyavs agreTve ori uazro bgeraTa kompleqsi takete

27

da maluma. cdispirebs moeTxovebodaT gadaewyvitaT am figurebidan Tu

romels uwodebdnen taketes da romels malumas. mas mohyavs bevri sabuTi

im mosazrebis sasargeblod, rom sagnebisa da movlenebis saxelebi

xSirad warmoSobilia mxedvelobiT an smeniT gelStaltebis msgavsebis

safuZvelze.

d. uznaZis gamokvlevis Sedegebis Semdgom dazustebas warmoadgens C.

foqsis gamokvleva.

C. foqsma d. uznaZis msgavsad eqsperimenti Caatara, romliTac

daadastura d, uznaZis mier miRebuli Sedegebi, man agreTve yuradReba

miaqcia iseT mniSvnelovan momentebs, romlebic Semdgom dazustebas

saWiroebdnen da iseTebs, romelnic manmade sxva mkvlevarebis yuradRebis

miRma rCebodnen. misi cdebi imis sasargeblod metyvelebdnen, rom

saxelsa da Sinaarss Soris kavSiri SemTxveviTi ar aris. C. foqsma

gamoarkvia, rom: 1. cdispirebis calkeuli naxazisaTvis saxelis SerCevis

dros gacilebiT ufro xSirad irCeven erTsa da imave sityvas, vidre

avlenen SeTanxmebulobas arCevanis safuZvelis dasaxelebisas. 2.

dadebiTi korelacia aRmoCnda im cdispirebis raodenobisa, romlebmac

airCies sityva, da sizustes Soris, romliTac igive sityva iyo

aRdgenili imave cdispirebis mier xangrZlivi intervalis Semdeg

ganmeorebiT cdebSi.

saxeldebis fsiqologiuri bunebis garkvevisaTvis pirvelsaxovani

mniSvneloba hqonda, foqsis mier dasmul sakiTxs, saxeldebis realuri

safuZvelisa da imis erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebis Sesaxeb, rasac

cdispirebi aseTad asaxeleben. es garemoeba aZnelebs saxeldebis

realuri safuZvelis gamovlenis SesaZleblobebs, magram SeuZlebels ar

xdis.

bgeraTa kompleqssa da mniSvnelobas Soris arsebuli kavSiris

araSemTxveviT bunebaze, ara nebismier xasiaTze metyvelebs r. devisis

eqsperimentic.

r. devisma cdebi Caatara rva-ToTxmeti wlis bavSvebze, romlebic

Bbantus tipis dialeqtze laparakobdnen, skolaSi ki svahidis enaze

swavlobdnen, inglisuri ena maTTvis ucnobi iyo. cdaSi gamoyenebuli iyo

v. koleris figures msgavsi naxazebi da sityvebi, mxolod “maluma”

28

Seicvala ùlumuTi~. ZiriTad eqsperiments win uswrebda winaswari

eqsperimenti. winaswar eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli iyo naxatebis sxva

wyvili kerZod, `qinZisTava kacebi~. erT maTgans hqonda wriuli Tavi,

xolo meores kvadratuli. instruqcia Semdegi iyo: `dauSvaT, erT-erTi

amaTgani aris mamakaci, meore ki qali. dawereT mamakaci im naxatis qveS,

romelic Tqveni azriT mamakacia, xolo qali im naxatis qveS, romelic

Tqven qali ggoniaT~.

winaswari eqsperimentis Semdeg cdispirebs dafaze uxatavdnen

koleris figurebis msgavs figurebs da sTxovdnen cdispirebs daexataT

isini, Semdeg ki am figurebs Slidnen da maT nacvlad werdnen uazro

sityvebs `taketes~ da ùlumus~. cdispirebs eubnebodnen, rom es ori

sityva naxazebis SesaZlo saxelebia da ameorebinebdnen manam, sanam

bavSvebi maT uSecdomod reproduqcias ar moaxerxebdnen. amis Semdeg maT

unda ganesazRvraT romeli naxazi iyo `takete~ da romeli ùlumu~.

cdebis Sedegebi erTmaneTs rom Seadares, aRmoCnda, rom afrikeli

bavSvebic iseve axdendnen saxelebis SerCevas naxazebisaTvis, rogorc

ingliseli bavSvebi. is faqti, rom afrikeli da ingliseli bavSvebis

arCevanis Sedegebi erTnairia, laparakobs saxelsa da Sinaarss Soris

kavSiris kanonzomieri da ara SemTxveviTi xasiaTis Sesaxeb. miRebuli

Sedegebi sruliad sandoa.

zemoT dasaxelebul gamokvlevebSi gamoyenebuli eqsperimentuli

meTodebis zogadi sqema aseTia: cdispirs eZleva uazro naxazi (ori

naxazi) da man maT saxeli (saxelebi) unda SeurCios mowodebuli uazro

bgeraTa kompleqsebis siidan.

aRniSnuli meTodis Rirseba, rogorc a. bainduraSvili aRniSnavs

imaSia, rom saxeldebis amocanis gadawyveta xorcieldeba eqsperimentis

procesSi da, maSasadame dakvirvebis obieqti uSualod saxeldebis

procesia da ara misi Sedegi.

miRebuli Sedegebis mniSvnelobis miuxedavad a. bainduraSvilis

azriT, TiTqmis yvela aRwerili eqsperimenti naklovanebebiT xasiaTdeba

da saWiroebs miRebuli Sedegebis dazustebas.

imis gamo, rom cdis pirobebi maqsimalurad yofiliyo miaxlovebuli

pirveladi saxeldebis pirobebTan, rom saxeldebis procesSi

29

gamoericxaT enis monawileoba, gamoyenebuli iyo uazro masala. magram am

Canafiqris ganxorcieleba ver moxerxda, uazro masalaSi cdispirebi

mainc garkveul mniSvnelobas, garkveul azrs debdnen. amasTan xSirad

cdispirebs erTi da igive uazro Sinaarsi sxvadasxva azris, sxvadasxva

mniSvnelobis matareblad warmoudgebodaT, e.i. irRveoda eqsperimentis

Catarebis erTgvarovnebis principi.

gansxvavebiT zemoaRniSnuli eqsperimentebisa a. bainduraSvili

Seecada eqsperimentuli saxeldebis pirobebi maqsimalurad mieaxlovebina

Tanamedrove adamianis mier warmoebuli saxeldebis pirobebTan. am mizniT

man saxelsadeb Sinaarsebad gamoiyena garkveuli azris, garkveuli

mniSvnelobis mqone Sinaarsebi, romlebic qarTul enaSi calkeuli

sityvebiT ar aRiniSneboda. saxelsadebi Sinaarsebi erTmaneTisgan

gansxvavdebodnen TvalsaCinoebisa da zogadobis xarisxiT. saxel-

debisaTvis sul gamoyenebul iqna 23 Sinaarsi, maT Soris 2 uazro,

romlebic koleris figurebis saxelwodebiT aris cnobili (a.

bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 97).

sul Catarda 402 cda 19 cdispirze. cdispirebad umTavresad iyvnen

fsiqologebi da ufrosi kursis studentebi, 23-dan 47 wlis asakamde.

bunebrivi saxeldebis procesSi saxelmdebeli saxeldebisaTvis

saxels TviTon adgens. saxeldebis eqsperimentSi saxeldebis bunebrivi

procesis es specifika unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli, radgan am mxriv

SezRudvam SesaZloa cdispiris aqtivoba saxeldebisaTvis araspecifikuri

mimarTulebiT warmarTos. garda amisa eqsperimentul situaciaSi

`sityvawarmoebis~ gzebi Sedarebuli unda iqnes enaTmecnierebaSi cnobil

sityvaTwarmoebis wesebs da am gziT gairkves ramdenad bunebrivi

saxeldebis win idga cdispiri. am moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT a.

bainduraSvilma Caatara eqsperimenti, sadac saxelsadeb Sinaarsebad

SeirCa mravalferovani masala. ZiriTadi Sinaarsebi, sadac ramdenime

variantad miewodebodaT cdispirebs sityvebi saxelsadebad:

a) moqmedebis gamomxatveli cnebis saxeldeba;

b) TvalsaCinoebas moklebuli verbaluri masalis saxeldeba;

g) uaxloesi gvarovnuli cnebis saxeldeba;

d) gvarovnuli cnebis saxeldeba;

30

e) mravalsityviani saxelebis mqone movlenaTa saxeldeba;

v) TvalsaCinod mocemuli sunis saxeldeba;

z) mxatvruli suraTebis saxeldeba.

cdis masalebis analizis Sedegad gamovlinda saxeldebis procesis

specifikurobani, romelTa Sorisac mniSvnelovania Semdegi:

1) cdis pirobebis erTgvarovnebis miuxedavad erTi da igive

saxelsadebi Sinaarsi, sxvadsxva cdispiris cnobierebaSi sxvadasxvagvari

struqturiT aris warmodgenili. es sxvadasxvaoba ZiriTadad vlindeba am

Sinaarsis cnobierebaSi warmodgenili centrirebuli niSnis sxvada-

sxvaobaSi. niSani, romliTac es Sinaarsi cnobierebaSi aris

warmodgenili, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar amowuravs cnobierebis Sinaarss.

cnobierebaSi saxelsadebi sxva niSnebicaa warmodgenili. yvela

cdispiris cnobierebaSi erTidaigive Sinaarsi arsebobs, magram igi

sxvadasxva cdispiris cnobierebaSi sxvadasxva struqturiTaa

warmodgenili. cnobierebaSi warmodgenil centrirebul niSans logikuri

TvalsazrisiT xSirad araviTari kavSiri saxelsadeb SinaarsTan ara aqvs,

magram miuxedavad amisa saxelis SerCevisas mas mainc gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba eniWeba. cdispiri saxels centrirebuli niSniT irCevs,

magram rwmundeba ra rom es saxeli ver gamoxatavs im codnas, romelic

mas saxelsadebis Sesaxeb gaaCnia, uaryofs mas.

2) saxeldebis amocana sakmaod Zneli gadasawyvetia; es siZnele,

rogorc amas cdispirTa TviTdakvirvebis monacemebi gviCvenebs, ar aris

dakavSirebuli arc instruqciis gagebis siZnelesTan, arc amocanisadmi

cdispiris pasiur midgomasTan. d. uznaZe saxelis SerCevis siZnelis

gamomwvev ramodenime mizezze miuTiTebs: `pirveli mizezi amisa, Cemis

azriT, saerTod axali sityvebis gamogonebis obieqturi siZnele unda

iyos . . . es imitom aris Zneli, rom jer erTi imwamsve gamococxldeba

didZali leqsikuri masala, romelic Cven mzada gvaqvs da aferxebs

saTanado centrs. meore – leqsikur axladqmnilebaze – zog SemTxvevaSi

mets, zogSi nakleb gavlenas axdens yoveldRiur sityvaTa maragi;

zogjer axali sityva romelime Cveulebrivi sityvis STabeWdilebas qmnis

da amitom sasaciloc kia~ (d. uznaze Sr. t. 1 1956 w. gv. 116). a.

bainduraSvilis eqsperimentma siZneleTa sxva mizezebic gamoavlina,

31

kerZod “azriT erTianobas yovelTvis ar axlavs subieqtis gancdis

erTianoba, mTlianoba; cnebis gageba, codna da am cnebaSi Semavali

saxeobebis erT mTlianobaSi gancda erTi da igive ar unda iyos.”

saxelsadebis erT mTlianobaSi gancdis gareSe cdispirebi ver axerxeben

Seqmnan saxeli, romelic mTliani saxelsadebi Sinaarsis saxelad

gamodgeba. saxelsadeb Sinaarss cdispirma Tavis codnis sistemaSi

Sesaferisi adgili unda miuCinos.

3) `saxeldeba saxelsadebi Sinaarsis sxvisTvis gaziarebis miz-

niT xdeba. magram imisaTvis, rom Cveni codna saxelsadeb Sinaarsze sxvebs

gavuziaroT, saxeli ise unda iqnes SerCeuli, rom man ara marto

saxelsadebi Sinaarsis obieqtis SesaZlebloba mogvces, aramed im

urTierTkavSiris obieqtivaciisa da sxvisTvis gaziarebis SesaZleblobac,

romelSic saxelsadebi sxva ukve saxeldebul movlenebTan imyofeba da

romelsic misi specifika vlindeba~ (a. bainduraSvili 1957 w. gv. 248).

enobrivi koleqtivi komunikaciis procesSi “amowmebs” ramdenad swored

mounaxa saxelmdebelma saxelsadeb Sinaarss codnis sistemaSi

Sesaferisi adgili, ramdenad swored hpova gamoxatuleba saxelSi

saxelsadebis sxva SinaarsebTan mimarTebam, ramdenad sworad iqna

SerCeuli samotivacio sityva. amas Sesabamisad gonebrivi koleqtivi

`sanqcias~ miscems axal sityvas. axali sityva Semova leqsikur fondSi

anda uaryofs mas.

4) eqsperimentuli masalebidan irkveva, rom SesaZlebelia

saxelsadebi Sinaarsi gavigoT, masSi Semavali movlenebis

urTierTkavSirSi sxva SinaarsebTan misi damokidebuleba, magram ver

movaxerxoT am codnis `kombinireba~. misi erTi mTliani gancdis saxiT

`sinTezireba~. rogorc Cans azriT erTianobas yovelTvis Tan ar axlavs

gancdaSi erTianoba, cnebis codna, gageba, am cnebaSi semavali saxeobebis

erT mTlianobaSi gancda erTi da igive ar aris.

5) bgeraTa kompleqsi saxelmdeblis cnobierebaSi uecrad

aRmocendeba. bgeraTa kompleqsis qmnadobis, misi formirebis procesi

cnobierebis kontrols ar eqvemdebareba, igi cnobierebaSi ukve mTliani

formirebuli saxiT aRmocendeba.

32

6) bgeriTi kompleqsis saxelsadeb SinaarsTan dakavSirebisaTvis

saWiroa saxelmdebeli maT erTmaneTis Sesatyvisad, Sesaferisad

ganicdebodes. gamoirkva, rom bgeraTa kompleqsis saxelsadebi Sinaarsis

Sesatyvisad gancdisaTvis semantikur an asociaciur kavSirs gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba ara aqvs.

7) saxelisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTdakavSirebisaTvis saWiroa

cdispiri bgeraTa kompleqss saxelsadebi Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi saxelis

funqciis matarebeli romelobis mqoned ganicdides. saxelis funqciis

romeloba cdispiris mier `mtkice Sinagani bunebis~ mqoned ganicdeba,

magram ratom swored aseTi `mtkice Sinagani bunebis~ mqoned ganicdeba

da ara sxvanairi. cdispirebi amaze verafers amboben. es sakiTxi sakvanZo

punqtia, saxeldebis safuZvelis problema am sakiTxs gadawyvetis gareSe

ver gairkveva da specialur kvlevas saWiroebs.

8) cdispirebi eqsperimentuli situaciaSi amJRavnebdnen sityvaT-

warmoebis iseTsave gzebs, romelic damaxasiaTebelia bunebrivi praq-

tikuli sityvaTwarmoebisaTvis. es garemoeba ki avtors afiqrebinebs, rom

eqsperimentul situaciaSi saxeldebis procesi imave faqtorebiT unda

yofiliyo gansazRvruli, romlebiTac gansazRvrulia saxeldebis

bunebrivi procesi. aqedan gamomdinare ufro meti safuZveli unda

arsebobdes imisa, rom a. bainduraSvilis eqsperimentis miRebuli Sedegebi

saxeldebis bunebrivi procesisaTvis damaxasiaTeblad iqnes miCneuli (a.

bainduraSvili 1957 w.).

da bolos, mokled SevexoT im zogierT gamokvlevaTa Sedegebs,

romlebic marTalia saxeldebis procesis kvlevas miznad ar isaxavda,

magram es Sedegebi CvenTvis saintereso problemis TvalsazrisiT sakmaod

sainteresoa.

bartletma (1932 w.) mexsierebis sakiTxis kvlevis dros cdispirebs

miawoda aTi azriani sityva (mag: sagani, filosofosi, usamarTloba da

sxva) da grafikul simboloTa rigi. aRniSnuli simboloebidan zogierTi

mowodebul sityvas uSualod gamoxatavs, zogierTi meorexarisxovani

asociaciebis gamowvevis SesaZleblobebs Seicavda, zogierTi ki uazro

naxazs warmoadgenda. cdispirebs evalebodaT sityvebis simboloebTan

dakavSireba, da am damyarebuli kavSiris daswavlac. roca maT sityvebs

33

xelaxla waukiTxavdnen maTTan dakavSirebuli simboloebis reproduqcia

unda moexdinaT. bartleti askvnis, rom `sityvisa da simbolos Sesatyvis

gancdisaTvis ar aris aucilebeli raime aSkarad gamoxatuli

Sesaferisoba, emociebi, reaqciebi da sxva. is, rasac cdispirebi xSirad

arCevis motivad asaxelebdnen, SesaZloa arCevis momentSi ar iyos

qmediTi da warmoadgendes Semdgomi racionalizaciis Sedegs~.

m. harouerma (1933 w.) Caatara sagulisxmo eqsperimenti, fsiqikuri

procesebis organizaciis kvlevis mizniT. misi azriT, TiTqmis yvela

andaza saSualebas iZleoda mis nawilebs Soris mimarTeba grafikulad,

diagramulad yofiliyo warmodgenili. cdispirebi andazebs gacilebiT

zustad igonebdnen rodesac maT Tan axlda Sesatyvisi diagrama,

naklebad zustad, rodesac andazebs Tan axlda SemTxveviT

dakavSirebuli diagramebi da gacilebiT naklebad zustad – rodesac

andazebi eZleodaT diagramebTan kavSiris gareSe.

k. hali da r. olfildi (1950 w.) TavianT gamokvlevebSi

èqsperimentuli gamokvleva simbolos Sesatyvisobaze sityvasTan~, miznad

isaxaven bartletisa da heroueris Sedegebis dazustebas. saxeldobr: 1.

ramdenad didia cdispirebis arCevanTa damTxvevis xarisxi sityvebTan

simboloebis dakavSirebisas; 2. cdispiris mier arCevis motivebis

dasaxelebisas adgili aqvs ufro metad Semdgom racionalizacias, Tu

pirvelad mxolod safuZvelze miuTiTebdnen; 3. arCeuli simboloebi

ufro advilad gasaxsenebelia, Tu ara arCeuli simboloebi.

eqsperimentis zogadi sqema aseTi iyo: cdispirs eZleoda

simboloebis wyvili – sul 6 wyvili da sityvebi (riTmi, samarTlianoba,

usamarTloba, simSvide, qariSxali da filosofia) cdispirebs

evalebodaT ganesazRvraT romeli ufro Sesaferisia mocemuli ori

simbolodan. Semdeg cdispirTa erT nawils evaleboda sityvis

mowodebisas aRedgina orive es simbolo, danarCen jgufebs ki

simboloebis reproduqcia evalebodaT sxvadasxva xangrZlivi intervalis

Semdeg.

bartletis, haroueris, holisa da olfildis (1960w.) eqsperimentebis

Sedegebidan irkveva, rom sityvis (analizis) da grafikuli simbolos

34

dakavSirebis procesi saxelisa da saxelsadebi Sinaarsis dakavSirebis

procesis msgavsi kanonzomierebebiT xasiaTdeba.

a. bainduraSvili miiCnevs, rom eqsperimentebis Sedegebi sainteresoa

problemebis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca zogierT ganzogadebaSi avtorebs ar

eTanxmeba. aRniSnul avtorTa eqsperimentebis Sedegebidan gansakuTrebiT

Rirebulia Semdegi:

1. sityvis (analizis) da grafikuli simbolos dakavSireba

saxeldebis msgavsad kanonzomieri procesia da ara SemTxveviTi;

2. cdispirebi ver axerxeben gaacnobieron sityvisa (analizis) da

simbolos urTierTdakavSirebis safuZveli, xolo maT mier miTiTebuli

safuZveli, iseve rogorc saxeldebis cdebSi, arCevanis Semdgomi

racionalizaciis Sedegia da arsebiTad arCevanis dasabuTebis cdas

warmoadgens da ara safuZvels;

3. rac ufro zustia sityvis (analizis) da simbolos Sesatyvisoba,

miT ufro zustia masalis Semdgomi reproduqcia. Sesatyvisobis xarisxis

SemcirebasTan erTad mcirdeba masalis reproduqciis sizustec, rogorc

Cans sityvis (analizis) da simbolos Sesatyvisobas garkveuli minemuri

Rirebuleba aqvs.

4. `saxeldebis eqsperimentSi gamoirkva, rom saxeli da saxelsadebi

Sinaarsi erTmaneTs meqanikurad ki ar ukavSirdebian, aramed

urTierTzemoqmedebas axdenen da erTimeoris gancdaSi garkveuli

koreqtivebi SeaqvT~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 119-120).

amgvarad, rogorc saxeldebis eqsperimentuli kvlevis masalebidan

irkveva, eqsperimentul situaciaSi saxeldeba kanonzomier xasiaTs

atarebs. saxelmdeblisaTvis sulerTi ar aris, romeli Sinaarsis

saxelad romel bgeraTa kompleqss gamoviyenebT. saxelmdebelma

aucilebelia saxelsadebi Sinaarsi bgeraTa kompleqsis urTierT-

Sesatyvisad ganicados. bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxva ìseTive kanonzomieri

gziT aris Tu ara Sedgenili bunebrivi enebis leqsikac?” es sakiTxi

imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom saWiroebs sxvadasxvagvar midgomebs,

miRebuli Sedegebisa da daskvnebis Semdgom dazustebisa da Semowmebisa.

am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs eqsperimentebi, romlebSic

35

saxeldebis problemis kvlevis mizniT, cdis mxolod bunebrivi enebis

leqsika gamoiyeneboda.

1.3. eqsperimentuli masalebi bunebrivi enis leqsikis saxeldebis

kanonzomieri xasiaTis Sesaxeb

aseTi tipis gamokvlevebi iwyeba S. tsurusa da h. frisis (1933 w.)

eqsperimentebidan. am gamokvleviT safuZveli Caeyara saxeldebis

eqsperimentuli kvlevis axal gamovlinebas.

eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli iyo 25 wyvili iaponuri sityva, TiToeuli

sityva-wyvili ise iyo SerCeuli, rom SeZlebis farglebSi erTimeoris

sapirispiro Sinaarsebi gamoexataT. mag: Citi da Wia; wiTeli da mwvane;

omi da zavi da sxva. TiToeul iaponur sityva-wyvils miwerili hqonda

maTi Sesaferisi inglisuri enis sityva-wyvili, magram pirvel adgilze

moTavsebuli inglisuri sityva, yovelTvis ar Seesabameboda pirvel

adgilze myof iaponur sityvas. cdispirs unda waekiTxa TiToeuli

sityva-wyvili da gamoecno romeli iaponuri sityva Seesabameboda.

aRmoCnda, rom cdispirebma, romlebmac savsebiT ar icodnen iaponuri ena,

gamoicnes iaponur sityvaTa 75 %.

S. tsurum ganmeorebiT Caatara cdebi inglisurad molaparake

studentebze, romlebmac ar icodnen iaponuri ena. cdaSi gamoiyeneboda 36

antonimuri iaponuri sityvawyvili. cdis organizacia da amocana igive

iyo, rogorc wina gamokvlevaSi, im gansxvavebiT, rom cdispirebi

xedavdnen daweril iaponur sityvawyvilebs maTTvis nacnobi SriftiT,

xolo oTaxis ukana nawilSi myofi iaponeli TiToeul sityvawyvils

xmamaRla kiTxulobda. aseT pirobebSi gamocnobili iaponuri

sityvawyvili 50 %-s aRemateboda. gamocnobis aseTi maRali xarisxi ki

SeuZlebelia ganpirobebuli yofiliyo maT arCevanTa Soris SemTxveviTi

damTxveviT.

a. bainduraSvili aRniSnuli Sedegebis gamo, svams SekiTxvas,

romelic mas cdispirTa mier ucnobi enis sityvaTa gamocnobis aseTi

36

sixSiris gamo uCndeba `xom ar aris ganpirobebuli es faqti ucnobi enisa

da mSobliuri enis sityvebs Soris SesaZlo SemTxveviTi msgavsebiT?~

`saqme imaSia, rom yovel enaSi sityvaTa sawarmoeblad fonebaTa

sakmaod mcire ricxvi gamoiyeneba. aseT pirobebSi ki sxvadasxva enaSi

gamoyenebuli fonemebs Soris mosalodnelia damTxveva. aqedan

gamomdinare savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom zemoT dasaxelebul

eqsperimentSi miRebuli maRali maCveneblebi iyo iaponur da inglisur

enaSi gamoyenebuli saerTo fonemebiT ganpirobebuli sityvaTa

SemTxveviTi msgavsebis Sedegi~ (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 163).

rogorc a. bainduraSvili miiCnevs aseTi Sedegi ufro sarwmunod

warmogvidgeba Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom cdis masalis SemrCevni

kargad floben, rogorc iaponur, aseve inglisur enebs da miT ufro

metad savsebiT bunebrivia, uneburad iseTi sityvebi SearCies, romlebic

fonetikurad msgavsni arian.

am mimarTulebiT warmoebuli Semdgomi kvlevebi warmoadgens am

varaudis marTebulobis Semowmebis cdebs da Catarebuli eqsperimentebis

xarisxis garkvevis cdas.

g. olportma tsurus mier gamoyenebuli antonimuri sityvawyvilebi

aTargmnina ungrul enaze da inglisur-ungruli sityvawyvilebiT cdebi

Caatara inglisur enaze molaparake cdispirebze.

g. olporti mis eqsperimentSi Setanili mcire koreqtivebiT Seecada

gamoericxa is SesaZlo msgavseba, romelic SeiZleboda arsebuliyo

tsurius mier SerCeuli inglisur-iaponur sityvawyvilebs Soris. jer

erTi imitom, rom ungruli ena istoriulad ar aris dakavSirebuli arc

inglisur da arc iaponur enebTan da meore, imitom, rom masalis SerCeva

xdeba ara eqsperimentatoris mier, romelmac orive ena icis, aramed

iTargmneba gareSe piris mier, romelic eqsperimentatorisaTvisac

ucnobia.

ungruli sityvawyvilis gamocnobisas saSualo maCvenebeli

olportis monacemebis mixedviT ufro naklebia, vidre tsurusTan. (56.6

%), magram mainc imdenad didia, rom SeuZlebelia cdispirTa arCevanis

SemTxveviTi xasiaTi hqondes.

37

olportis sqema gaimeores riCma, (inglisur-iaponuri da inglisur-

polonuri masaliT). agreTve r. braunma, a. blekma da a. horoviCma (1955 w.)

maT Seitanes cvlilebebi cdis organizaciaSi da masalis statistikurad

damuSavebis wesebSi. ZiriTadad SeirCa sensoruli xasiaTis sityvebi. mag:

Tbili-grili, mZime-msubuqi da sxva. es sityvebi maT aTargmnines Cinur,

Cexur, hindis enebze. samive enis masalis SemTxvevaSi swori pasuxebi

aRmoCnda ufro meti, vidre es mosalodneli iyo SemTxveviTi damTxvevis

pirobebSi.

TiTqmis yvela zemoTmoyvanil eqsperimentSi ucnobi enis sityvebs

warmoTqvamda am enis mcodne piri, romlisTvisac ucnobi ar iyo

eqsperimentis mizniT.

cdis meore variantSi cdispirebs masalas awvdidnen mxolod

werilobiT. Sedegebi, amis miuxedavad, aRmoCnda odnav ukeTesi, vidre

pirvel variantSi. e.i. cdis Sedegebi pirvel variantSi ar aris

ganpirobebuli enis mcodnis mier sityvaTa warmoTqmis eqspresiuli

TaviseburebebiT.

i. brekbilma da k. liTlma (1957 w.) TavianT eqsperimentebSi

gamoiyenes iaponuri, ebrauli da Cinuri enis masalebi. maT Seitanes

cvlilebebi cdis procesSi da TavianT cdispirebs nacvlad antonimuri

sityva-wyvilebisa awvdidnen inglisuri enis erT sityvas (I, II, III

eqsperimentebi) cdispirebs unda epasuxaT es sityvebi TavianTi

mniSvnelobiT èrTnairia~ Tu `gansxvavebuli~. IV, V, VI eqsperimentebSi

rogorc stimuli-sityva aseve sapasuxo sityva cdispirisaTvis ucnobi

enis sityvebs warmoadgendnen. eqvsi eqsperimentidan miRebuli iqna: (I)

inglisur-iaponuri 50.3 %, (II) inglisur-ebrauli 53.0 %, (III) inglisur-

Cinuri 49.9 %, (IV) Cinur-iaponuri 54.8 %, (V) Cinur-ebrauli 48.1 %, (IV)

ebraul-iaponuri 52.3 %, SemTxveviT mosalodnelze meti Sedegebi miiRes

or cdaSi. (IV, VI), rodesac cdispirebs orive ucnobi enis sityvebi

eZleodaT. erT SemTxvevaSi (II) rodesac nacnobi inglisuri da ebrauli

sityva-wyvilebi eZleodaT. am cdebis safuZveleze avtorebi askvnian, rom

ekvivalentur sityvaTa Sexameba emyareba ara raRaca saxis msgavsebas,

àramed sityvebs Soris struqturuli msgavsebis perspeqtivas~.

38

a. bainduraSvilis azriT es daskvna ra Tqma unda winaaRmdegobis

Semcvelia da simbolizmis sasargeblod Zlier arguments warmoadgens.

winaaRmdegobis Semcvelia i. malcmanis, l. morisetisa da l. bruksis

(1956 w.) eqsperimentebi, romlebmac cdebi Caatares S. tsurusa da h.

frisis mier SerCeuli sityvebiT. pirvel eqsperimentSi iaponur-inglisur

da inglisur-iaponur sityvawyvilebze Catarebul eqsperimentSi maT

daadastures tsurus da frisis Sedegebi, gamoarkvies, rom

cdispirebisaTvis ar hqonda mniSvneloba pirvels inglisur sityvebs

miawerdnen Tu iaponurs.

meore eqsperimenti inglisur-xorvatiul enaze unda Catarebuliyo.

xolo mesame-meoTxe eqsperimenti tardeboda inglisurad molaparake

cdispirebze, mxolod masalad gamoiyeneboda xorvatiul-iaponuri da

iaponur-xorvatiuli sityva-wyvilebi. eqsperimentis Sedegebidan gairkva,

rom misi warmatebiT ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebelia Sexamebis erTi

wevri mainc iyos inglisuri sityva, radgan Sedegebi am SemTxvevaSi ar

aRemateba SemTxveviT mosalodnels (iaponur-xorvatiuli CR=0.46,

xorvatiul-iaponuri CR=0.80).

malcsmanis, morisetis, bruksisa da liTlis eqsperimentebSi

miRebuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi gamowveulia mniSvnelovani proceduruli

cvlilebebiT, romelic maT Seitanes meTodSi.

brekbili da liTli cdispirebs awvdidnen erT stimul sityvas da

erT sapasuxo sityvas, amiT isini erTmeoTxedSi amcirebdnen im

informacias, rac xelmisawvdomi iyo cdispirebisaTvis sxva

eqsperimentul situaciaSi. xolo malcmanis, morisetis da bruksis

cdispirebi gansxvavebiT sxva eqsperimentebis cdispirebisagan, ver

Rebulobdnen informacias mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, radgan sityvawyvilebi

maTTan ori ucnobi enis sityvebisagan Sedgeboda (a. bainduraSvili 1971

w.).

maSasadame, am mkvlevarebis mier eqsperimentebSi miRebuli Sedegebi

ar ewinaaRmdegeba tradiciuli eqsperimentebiT miRebul Sedegebs.,

inglisurad molaparake cdispirebi axerxeben ucxouri sityvebis Sesaxeb

maT inglisur ekvivalentTan SemTxveviTobiT mosalodnelze ufro metad.

aqedan gamomdinare, a. bainduraSvili svams kiTxvas, Tu ucnobi enis

39

sityvaTa gamocnoba kanonzomieri xasiaTisaa, maSin xom SesaZlebelia,

rom bunebrivi enis leqsikuri Semadgenlobis saxeldebac kanonzomier

xasiaTs atarebdes da ara SemTxveviTs?

aRniSnuli eqsperimentis Sedegebi am kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis

gasacemad ar aris sakmarisi, radgan gamoricxuli ar aris maTi

sxvagvarad interpretaciac.

ase magaliTad: brauni Tvlis, rom gamoricxuli ar aris es Sedegebi

lingvisturi gamocdilebiT iyos ganpirobebuli, Tumca eqsperimentebSi

sxvadasxva enobrivi ojaxis sityvebi iqna gamoyenebuli (iaponuri,

holandiuri, ungruli, Cinuri, Cexuri, hindis, xorvatiuli) maTi

umravlesoba mainc erTi indoevropuli enebis ojaxs miekuTvneba,

eqsperimentSi dadgenili simbolizmi braunis azriT, SesaZloa

momdinareobdes erTi saerTo fuZiseuli, protoindoevropuli enidan,

romelic Tavis mxriv Tavdapirvelad SesaZloa SemTxveviTi, da nebismieri

iyo. aseTi Sedegis sxva mizezi r. braunis azriT, SeiZleba yofiliyo is,

rom eqsperimentebi tardeboda mxolod inglisurad molaparake

cdispirebze da maTi Sedegebi ar SeiZleba ganzogaddes yvela enis

mimarT. eqsperimentis Catareba sxvadasxva enis monolingvist cdispirebze

r. braunis azriT, warmoadgens pirdapir empiriul gzas am sakiTxze

pasuxis gasacemad. brauni miuTiTebs aseve jvaredin-enobrivi kvlevis

saWiroebaze. jvaredin-enobriv eqsperimentebis pirveli cda. bunebrivi

enebis leqsikis gamoyenebiT ekuTvniT r. brauns, a. bleks da horoviCs. es

eqsperimentebi mraval SeniSvnas imsaxurebs, magram mniSvnelovania,

radgan aseTi xasiaTis kvlevis erTaderT cdas warmoadgens.

amrigad, bunebrivi enebis e.w. fonetikuri sombolozmis kvlevebSi

arsebuli xarvezebi, rac sxvadasxva enebis warmomadgenlebze Catarebuli

cdebis ararsebobaSi mdgomareobda braunis, blekis da horoviCis

eqsperimentebiT ar aris daZleuli. am mizniT, a. bainduraSvilma

analogiuri eqsperimentebi Caatara mraval cdispirze. xolo am cdebis

Sedegebis Sedarebis SesaZleblobis mizniT, sxva mkvlevarebis SedegebTan

SedarebiT man eqsperimentul masalad gamoiyena igive S. tsurus da h.

frisis mier SerCeuli iaponuri sityvebi. es sityvebi iTargmna cxra sxva

enaze: portugaliur, arabul, qmeris (kamboja), aSantis (gana), Sonas

40

(samxreT rodezia), lugandis (uganda), iorubis (nigeria), tigrinas

(eritreia).

cdispirebs TanmimdevrobiT eZleodaT 25 baraTi, romlebzedac

qarTuli asoebiT dawerili iyo ori qarTuli da aRniSnuli erT-erTi

ucxo enidan ori Sesatyvisi sityva. baraTebze sityvaTa wyvilebi ise iyo

ganlagebuli, rom pirvel adgilze myof qarTul sityvas Seesatyviseboda

xan pirvel, xan meore adgilze myofi ucnobi enis sityva, amasTan es

monacvleoba xdeboda Sereuli wesiT.

cdispirebs evalebodaT xmamaRla waekiTxaT jer qarTuli, xolo

Semdeg ucxo enis sityva-wyvili da `gamoecnoT~ qarTuli sityvebis

eqvivalenturi ucnobi enis sityvebi.

amgvari eqsperimentis tradiciul mimdinareobaSi Setanili iqna erTi

damateba – cdispirebs moeTxovebodaT xuTbaliani sistemiT SeefasebinaT

sityvaTa gamocnobis sisworeSi darwmunebulobis xarisxi.

qarTul-iaponuri masaliT cdebi Catarda 100 cdispirze. xolo sxva

enebis masaliT 50-50 cdispirze. cdispirebi iyvnen kvalificiuri mecnier-

muSakebi da Tbilisis universitetis ufrosi kursis studentebi,

umTavresad fsiqologebi.

a. bainduraSvilma yuradReba gaamaxvila am tipis eqsperimen-

tebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel erT seriozul naklze. misi azriT, saxelisa

da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba, cxadia srulyofilad gamovlin-

deba maSin, rodesac ucnobi enis sityvis fonetikuri Semadgenloba

cdispirebis mier savsebiT adeqvaturad iqneba aRqmuli. aseTi ram ki am

tipis eqsperimentebSi ver xerxdeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom cdispirs

ucnobi enis sityva misTvis cnobili transklipciiT eZleva wasakiTxad,

Tu am enis mcodnis mier moxdeba misi warmoTqma. es garemoeba sxvadasxva

mizeziT aris ganpirobebuli.

erTerT aseT mizezad a. bainduraSvili miiCnevs Seusatyvisobas enasa

da damwerlobas Soris. am tipis eqsperimentebSi ucxo enis sityvebis

warmoTqma maTi fonetikuri warmomadgenloba miaxlovebulia da ara

identuri am sityvebis bunebriv metyvelebaSi warmodgenil

JReradobasTan. ès garemoeba mniSvnelovnad gaaZnelebs saxelisa da

mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis SemCnevas, riTac cdispirebma unda

41

ixelmZRvanelon sityvaTa gamocnobis, maTTvis mSobliuri enis

leqsikonidan ekvivalenturi sityvebis SerCevis procesSi” (a.

bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 179).

miuxedavad am winaaRmdegobebisa, a. bainduraSvilis eqsperimentSi

monawile cdispirebi amJRavnebdnen gamocnobis sasworeSi darwmune-

bulobis maRal xarisxs. yvela cdis aTive enis sityvebidan saSualo

monacemebis mixedviT, sityvebis gamocnobisas, maTTvis ekvivalenturi

qarTuli sityvebis SerCevis sisworeSi cdispirebi darwmunebulebi iyvnen

94.5 %-is semTxvevaSi.

maRali xarisxis darwmunebulobas adgili hqonda 71 %-Si (Sefaseba 4

da 5 bali), xolo Sedegi, roca cdispirebi ar iyvnen darwmunebulni

miwodebuli sityvebis sisworeSi, Seadgenda mxolod 5.5 %-s.

cdispirTa monacemebis aseTi zedapiruli analizic ki, askvnis a.

bainduraSvili – naTlad mowmobs, rom cdispirTa arCevani atarebs

kanonzomier da ara SemTxveviT xasiaTs. am daskvnis marTebulobaze

miuTiTebs cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis xarisxis maCveneblebi.

monacemTa damTxvevis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad aRemateba SemTxveviTobiT

mosalodnel odenobas (50 %).

saerTo monacemebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT 212 SemTxvevidan

cdispirTa monacemebis damTxveva 163 SemTxvevaSi aris an aRemateba 60 %-s,

e.i. TiTqmis 77 % SemTxvevebidan aseTia. e.i. cdispirTa arCevani emyareba

raRac iseTs, rac did umravlesobaSi maTTvis erTnairad misawvdomia da

erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT xasiaTdeba.

Tumca arian cdispirebi, romlebic icnoben mowodebuli sityvebs

did raodenobiT da arian iseTebic, romelTa mier gamocnobil sityvaTa

raodenoba SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli odenobis farglebs TiTqmis ar

scildeba. cdispirTa monacemebs Soris aseTi mkveTri sxvaobis gamo a.

bainduraSvili svams kiTxvas ucnobi enis sityvebisaTvis ekvivalentur

sityvaTa SerCevis ara kanonzomier, aramed SemTxveviTi xasiaTis bunebis

SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb, im cdispirTa SemTxvevaSi, romelTa monacemebic

SemTxveviTobis farglebSia. eqsperimentis masalebis mixedviT am ori

jgufis Sedarebis safuZvelze (I jgufis cdispirebi, romlebmac

sityvebis 48 %-dan 60 %-mde gamoicnes da II jgufis cdispirebi,

42

romlebmac sityvebis 60 %-ze meti gamoicnes) a. bainduraSvili askvnis

rom ùcnobi enis bgeriTi mxareebi TavianTi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb met-

naklebi xarisxis informacias iZlevian~ da garda amisa, TviTon

cdispirebic xasiaTdebian interindividualuri sxvadasxvaobiT, sityvis

amocnobis unaris mixedviT. es unari ki varjiSebadia da mis ganviTarebas

xels uwyobs sxvadasxva enebis codna.

es varaudebi emyareba winaswar cdebs da saWiroa maTi specialuri

kvleva. specialur kvlevas saWiroebs eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli

sityvebis SerCevis sisworis sakiTxi, radgan jer kidev dawyebuli

tsurudan da frisidan sityvis bgeriT masalasa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisobis kvlevis upiratesobas ratomRac aniWeben

antonimur sityvaTa wyvilebs. maTi azriT sityvaTa antonimuri

dapirispirebis pirobebSi ufro radikalurad gamoiyureba sityvis bgeriT

mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris arsebuli Sesatyvisoba.

am sakiTxis garkvevis mizniT a. bainduraSvilis mier Catarebuli

eqsperimentis Sedegebis mixedviT gairkva, rom varaudi, TiTqos ucnobi

enis sityvebisaTvis mSobliuri enis ekvivalenturi sityvebis SesarCevad

aucilebelia cdispirebs cdis masala antonimuri sityvebis saxiT

eZleodeT, umarTebulia. araantonimuri dapirispirebis SemTxvevaSi

cdispirebi warmatebiT axerxeben amocanis gadaWras. rac kidev erTxel

asabuTebs hipoTezas ekvivalenturi sityvebis SerCevis kanonzomieri

xasiaTis Sesaxeb da ara rogorc SemTxveviTis.

amgvarad, bunebrivi enis leqsikis saxeldebis kanonzomier xasiaTis

Sesaxeb Catarebuli eqsperimentebidan gamoirkva:

1. cdispirebi ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriT mxaresa da

mniSvnelobebis urTierTSedarebis gziT iReben informacias maTi

urTierTSesatyvisobis Sesaxeb.

2. ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobaTa

urTierTSesatyvisis gancdas umetes SemTxvevaSi Tan axlavs rwmena maTi

gamocnobis Sesaxeb.

3. ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSedarebiT miRebuli informacia maTi Sesatyvisobis Sesaxeb

interindividualuri konstantobiT xasiaTdeba.

43

4. zogierTi sityvawyvilis, cdispirTa mier mcire raodenobiT

gamocnoba ar niSnavs, rom am sityvebis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas

Soris Sesatyvisoba sustia an sul ar arsebobs. es mxolod imaze

miuTiTebs, rom sityva aseTi dapirispirebis pirobebSi am Sesatyvisobis

sawvdomad ar aris xelsayreli.

5. jvaredin-enobrivi kvleva gviCvenebs, rom ucnobi enis sityvebis

gamocnoba ar aris maTi mSobliuri enis sityvebis bgeriT mxareTa Soris

rame saxis msgavsebis Sedegi. igi ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli

konvencionaluri asociaciebiT (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w. gv. 192-193).

garda aRniSnuli daskvnebisa, romlebic am avtorebis

eqsperimentebis Sedegebidan Cans, sainteresod gveCveneba sakiTxi,

romelic a. bainduraSvilma dasva sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da

mniSvnelobis individualuri Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb. raki garkveulad

iTvleba sakiTxi, rom adamianebs axasiaTebT erTmaneTisagan

gansxvavebuli sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis wvdomis unari,

xom ar iqneboda saintereso am sakiTxis Seswavla asakobriv WrilSi. ra

TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva esa Tu is asakobrivi periodi sityvis

grZnobis unaris ganviTarebis mixedviT.

f. irvinma da g. niulendma es sakiTxi 1940 wels inteleqtis

ganviTarebis problemasTan kavSirSi ikvlies. Tumca miRebuli Sedegebi

saxeldebis sakiTxTan kavSirSi ufro iqna miRebuli. maT eqsperimenti

Caatares 299 bavSvze, 4-dan 18 wlis asakamde. am eqsperimentebiT gamoirkva,

rom 4 wlis asakSi saxelsadebi SinaarsisaTvis saxelis SerCeva

SemTxveviT xasiaTs atarebs. 5-dan 9 wlamde saxeldeba upiratesad àra

SemTxveviT faqtorebis~ safuZvelze xorcieldeba, xolo 9 wlis Semdeg

igi sakmaod gamokveTil kanonzomier xasiaTs Rebulobs.

avtorTa azriT, cdispirebi TavianTi arCevanis safuZvlad asaxeleben

zogad STabeWdilebebs, asociaciebs, atributul faqtorebs. asociaciuri

dasaxelebis SemTxvevaSi umniSvnelo aRmoCnda 5 %. xSirad arCevanis

safuZvels racionalizacia warmoadgens.

sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis

sakiTxis kvlevis Semdgom etaps warmoadgens XX saukunis ukanaskneli

ramodenime aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli eqsperimentebi

44

qarTveli fsiqologebis mier (n. baramiZe, n. bainduraSvili, m.

sirbilaZe). es avtorebi Seecadnen gamoerkviaT aRniSnul komponentebs

Soris arsebuli kavSiris asakobrivi dinamika, sakiTxi maTi mnemuri

Rirebulebis Sesaxeb da sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

urTierTSesatyvisoba, rogorc lingvistikuri unaris erTerTi

komponenti. Cveni eqsperimentic garkveulwilad am sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba,

da mis logikur gagrZelebas warmoadgens. Tumca specifikuria da

saxeldebis safuZvelis sakiTxisaTvis saintereso informacias

gvTavazobs.

aRniSnuli kvlevebi Catarebuli iqna S. tsurusa da h. frisis mier

sityvis mniSvnelobis sakvlevad SerCeuli iaponuri sityvebiT.

n. baramiZis (n. baramiZe 1999 w.) eqsperimentis mizans Seadgenda

sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemuri

Rirebulebis Seswavla. sakiTxis amgvari dayeneba imTaviTve gulisxmobs

sityvis zemoT aRniSnuli ori mxaris Sesatyvisobas. n. baramiZis

eqsperimentis Sedegad miRebuli faqtebi avlenen ara marto

saxeldebisaTvis sityvis ori mxaris urTierTSesatyvisobis

aucileblobis erT-erT ganmsazRvrel faqtors, aramed metad saintereso

masalebsac gvawvdian sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

arsebuli kavSiris bunebis Sesaxeb. am avtoris azriT, Tu ki garkveuli

meTodiT xelovnurad davarRvevT sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da

mniSvnelobas Soris arsebul Sesabamisobas, e.i. nebismierad SevcvliT

sityvis bgeriT mxares, maSin es umalve iCens Tavs aseTi sityvebis

daswavlis siZneleSi, aRmniSvnelisa da aRsaniSnis urTierTkavSiris

aramoxerxebulobaSi. sityvis zemoTaRniSnuli mxareebis urTierT-

Sesaferisoba mniSvnelovnad aadvilebs maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas da

axels uwyobs am sityvebis daswavla-dauflebas. avtori am kvlevis did

aqtualur mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs.

sityvis grZnobis unaris ganviTarebas sxvadasxva asakobriv periodSi

ikvlevda n. bainduraSvili (1986 w.). man cdebi Caatara 9-dan 16 wlamde

asakis moswavleebTan, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis wvdomis

unaris sakvlevad. gamocnobisa da daxsomebis variantebidan miRebuli

iqna urTierTSesatyvisobis wvdomis unaris garkveuli kanonzomiereba.

45

kerZod: asakis matebasTan erTad sworad gamocnobili sityvaTa

raodenoba izrdeboda (3-10 kl.) gamocnobis sisworesa da

darwmunebulobis xarisxs Soris aris maRali korelacia.

n. bainduraSvilis azriT, cdispirebisaTvis antonimuri sityva-

wyvilebis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi amocnobis xarisxi ukeTesia, vidre

araantonimuri wyvilebis wardgenis dros. xolo mnemuri efeqtis

gamovlineba antonimuri wyvilebis miwodebis Semdeg winaaRmdegobrivi

xasiaTisaa, adgili aqvs araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobis sityvawyvilis

ekvivalentur aRdgenas. mnemur efeqtsa da gamocnobis siswores Soris

arsebobs korelacia. amrigad mnemuri efeqtis gamosavlenad ufro

efeqturia araantonimuri sityvebi, romlebic jer amosacnobad da Semdeg

dasaxsomeblad eZlevaT cdispirebs, xolo sityvis bgeriTi mxaresa da

mniSvnelobas Soris kavSiris damyareba ufro misawvdomia cdispire-

bisaTvis antonimuri sityvebis wardgenisas.

amrigad, n. bainduraSvilis mier, garda aRniSnulisa dadgenili iqna,

rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierT-

Sesatyvisobas aqvs gansazRvruli informaciuli Rirebuleba, romlis

safuZvelzec cdis pirebs saSualeba eZleodaT sworad amoicnon ucxo

enis sityvebis umravlesoba, romelTac maT awvdian. aRniSnulidan

gamomdinare avtoris kvlevis hipoTezas Seadgens varaudi imis Sesaxeb,

rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba

warmoadgens lingvisturi unaris specifikur komponents, romlis

mixedviTac SesaZlebelia miRweuli iqnes sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da

mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba, romelic ganisazRvreba,

rogorc fonetikuri kodireba da mniSvnelovani xarisxiT enis leqsikis

aTvisebas uwyobs xels. Tu es hipoTeza Seesityveba sinamdviles, maSin

unari sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

urTierTSesatyvisobis miRwevisa, iqneba korelaciaSi am urTierT-

Sesatyvisobis mnemur efeqtTan, aseT SemTxvevaSi ki es unari aRiarebuli

iqneba, rogorc individualur-fsiqologiuri maxasiaTebeli. aRniSnuli

mosazreba damtkicebul iqna eqsperimentulad. m.sirbilaZem (m. sirbilaZe

2005 w.) eqsperimentulad ikvlia sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

46

urTierTSesatyvisobis gancdis unari, rogorc lingvisturi unaris

komponenti umcros saskolo asakSi.

misi kvlevis mizans warmoadgens: lingvisturi unaris struqturuli

Semadgenlobis dazusteba da misi specifikuri komponentis (sityvis

bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisobis gancdas) asakobrivi

dinamikis kvleva umcros saskolo asakSi.

lingvistikuri unaris aRniSnuli komponentis prognostikuri

mniSvnelobis gamovlena enebis dauflebis warmatebis mizniT.

m. sirbilaZis kvlevis safuZvelze lingvisturi unari moazrebulia,

rogorc integraluri erTianobis mqone damoukidebeli unari, romelic

kavSirSia zogad gonierebasTan da ucxo enis dauflebis

SesaZleblobasTan. avtoris eqsperimentis Sedegad, lingvisturi unaris

specifikuri komponenti, anu unari romliTac miiRweva sityvis bgeriT

mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba, gansxvavebuli

zomiT aris mocemuli ara mxolod individualurad, aramed klasebisa da

sqesis mixedviTac. aqedan gamomdinare avtori aRniSnavs, rom

SesaZlebelia es maCvenebeli gamoyenebuli iqnas, rogorc lingvisturi

unaris maCveneblad da umcros saskolo asakSi garkveuli

prognostikuli roli iTamaSos ucxo enis warmatebiT aTvisebis

gansazRvraSi.

amrigad, aRniSnulma avtorebma ganagrZes saxeldebis procesis

eqsperimentaluri kvleva, romelic a. bainduraSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT

mimdinareobda. maT gamoarkvies aRniSnul komponentebs Soris (sityvis

bgeriTi mxare da mniSvneloba) kavSiris asakobrivi dinamikis Tavisebu-

rebebi saskolo asakSi da sakiTxi maTi mnemuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb.

gamoarkvies agreTve, rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc lingvisturi unaris erT-erTi

komponenti, daxsomebis uzrunvelyofas uwyobs xels da adamianis

individualur- fsiqologiuri maxasiaTebelia.

zemoTmoyvanili kvlevebidan gamomdinare SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom

saxeldebis problemis irgvliv, axalaxali davalebebis Sedgena da

miRebuli monacemebis interpretacia im Teoriuli daSvebis farglebSi

iyo mocemuli, ris SesaZleblobasac mecnierebis arsebuli, faqtiuri

47

mdgomareoba iZleoda. magram dReisaTvis mecnierebis ganviTarebis

logikam saxeldebis sakiTxis kvlevis axali mimarTulebiT warmarTvis

aucileblobamde migviyvana, romelic mecnierebisa da praqtikis

urTierTqmedebiT aris ganpirobebuli. Cveni kvleva, saxeldebis sakiTxis

kvlevis Semdgom gagrZelebas warmoadgens, romelic sityvis bgeriTi

mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis

intensifikaciis faqtoris mizniT iqna Catarebuli. kvleva warmoaCens

mexsierebis rols saxeldebis procesSi da misi Tanamedrove mexsierebis

TeoriebiT axsnis mcdelobas warmoadgens.

48

Tavi II. problemis dayeneba da dasamtkicebeli debulebebi.

2.1. problema

1. rogorc vnaxeT, enobrivi masalebis mokle ganxilvac, rom araferi

vTqvaT mravalricxovan eqperimentul kvlevebze, adasturebs, rom

bunebrivi enis leqsikuri fondic kanonzomieri saxeldebis gziT aris

Sedgenili. es sakiTxi safuZvels araa moklebuli, magram imdenad

mniSvnelovania, rom miRebuli Sedegebi da daskvnebi saWiroebs

dazustebas, Semowmebas da kvlevebis ganmtkicebas axal-axali

argumentebiT.

saxeldebis kanonzomiri buneba vlindeba C. foqsis, r. irvinis, r.

devisis, z. fiSeris, S. tsurus, p. frisis, d. uznaZis, a. bainduraSvilis

da sxvaTa eqsperimentul gamokvlevebSi.

XX saukunis ukanaskneli ramodenime aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi

qarTveli fsiqologebis mier sityvis grZnobis unaris Taviseburebebis

Sesaxeb, sxvadasxva dros Catarebuli iqna ramodenime eqsperimenti,

romelTa mixedviTac sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

urTierTSesatyvisoba warmoadgens lingvisturi unaris erT-erT

komponents (m. sirbilaZe 2005 w.) da adamianis individualur fsiqolo-

giur maxasiaTebels (n.bainduraSvili 1986 w.). lingvisturi unari m.

sirbilaZis kvlevaSi moazrebulia, rogorc integraluri erTianobis

mqone damoukidebeli unari, romelic kavSirSia zogad gonierebasTan.

zemoTaRniSnul or komponents Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba gansxvave-

buli zomiT aris warmodgenili ara mxolod individualurad, aramed

klasebisa da sqesis mixedviT. amrigad, irkveva, rom individualuri

ganviTarebis procesSi cvlilebebs ganicdis, rogorc urTierTSe-

satyvisobis miRwevis unari, aseve mnemuri efeqtic. eqsperimentebis

Sedegad gairkva agreTve, rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas

49

Soris urTSesatyvisobis wvdomis unari gavarjiSebadia da mis

ganviTarebas xels uwyobs saganmanaTleblo profesiuli gamocdileba.

kvlevaTa simravlis miuxedavad, kidev arsebobs mTeli rigi

problemebisa, romlebic sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisad miRwevis unaris Seswavlis aucileblobaze

miuTiTebs.

Cveni hipoTezis mixedviT, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisad gancdis unari xels unda uwyobdes da zrdides

daswavlis produqtiulobas. naTqvamidan gamomdinare, kidev erTi sfero,

romelSic SeiZleba gamovlindes sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas

Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis xasiaTi, unda iyos mexsierebis procesebi,

kerZod, daswavlis procesi.

naTqvamidan gamomdinare, eqsperimentis mizans warmoadgens sityvis

bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis miRwevis

unaris, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris kvleva,

mexsierebis sxvadasxva formebze dayrdnobiT. Cven davinteresdiT, axdens

Tu ara gavlenas sityvawyvilebis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis da

aRdgenis SesaZleblobaze, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis

faqtorze, asakobrivi Taviseburebebi, genderuli faqtori da socialuri

garemo. kerZod vikvlieT:

gansxvaveba saskolo asakSi am unaris mixedviT, dabali, saSualo da

maRali socialuri fenis bavSvebs Soris, da agreTve sakiTxi, Tu ra

mniSvnelobas iZens individualur-kognituri gamocdileba(leqsikuri

maragi da sxva) sxvadasxva asakobrivi da genderuli jgufis

cdispirebisaTvis, bavSvTa saxlebSi Cveulebriv skolebTan SedarebiT.

amitom, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia kvlevis Catareba saskolo asakis

moswavleTa or asakobriv jgufTan (9-12 wlis da 13-16 wlis) da agreTve

dabali, saSualo da maRali socialuri fenis bavSvebTan (bavSvTa

saxlebSi da Cveulebriv skolebSi).

2 mraval sxvadasxva erovnebis (monolingvist) cdispirebTan analo-

giuri meTodiT eqsperimentebis Catarebis Sedegad a. bainduraSvili

mivida daskvnamde, rom ìnformacias, romelsac eqsperimentul pirobebSi

iReben rogorc qarTul enaze, aseve ucxour enaze molaparake

50

cdispirebi, maTTvis sruliad ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriTi mxaridan

erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT xasiaTdeba . . . igi ar unda

iyos ganpirobebuli am bgeraTa komplesiT gamowveuli asociaciebiT da

saerTod enis Sualobis SedegiT~. rogorc gairkva, enebs Soris

gansxvaveba ar arsebobs, anu aq saqme exeba Sesatyvisobis gavlenis

erTnairad gancdis fenomens. Cvens naSromSi sainteresod miviCnieT

gagverkvia msgavsi problema moswavleebTan ori enis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi. saxeldebis eqsperimentebSi, kvlevis Sedegad yovelTvis

Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ratom xdeba xolme, rom sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT gansxvavebul Sedegebs swored amocnobil

sityvaTa raodenobis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa, rom cdebSi

gamoyenebuli yvela ucxo enis SemTxvevaSi, sworad amocnobili da

daxsomebuli ucxo enis sityvebis SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli

odenobis farglebs scildeba. es sakiTxebi mexsierebis kuTxiT dRemde

ar aris nakvlevi. naTqvamidan gamomdinare, Cven miznad davisaxeT igive

meTodiT aRniSnuli eqsperimenti Cagvetarebina Cveni cdispirebisaTvis

ucnob or enaze: iaponur da Svedur enaze. a. bainduraSvilis mier

qarTvel cdispirebTan iaponur enaze Catarebuli cdebidan gairkva, rom

qarTuli da iaponuri enebis bgeriT mxareTa Soris msgavseba

absoluturad gamoricxulia. magram Sveduri enis SemTxvevaSi sxva

dabrkolebas SeiZleba SevxvdeT (Sveduri enis msgavseba qarTul enasTan

aseve gamoricxulia). saqme imaSia, rom Sveduri ena evropuli enis ojaxis

sxva enebTan aris dakavSirebuli, romelic Cveni cdispirebisaTvis aris

cnobili. moswavleebi skolaSi euflebian inglisur da germanul enebs.

msgavsebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT winaswari cdebis safuZvelze

SevarCieT iseTi sityvebi, romlebic asociaciebs naklebad iwvevdnen

nacnob enasTan da iaponuris eqvivalent sityvebs warmoadgendnen, Tumca

rogorc cdis Sedegebidan gairkva, maTi sruli ignorireba mainc ver

SevZeliT.

amgvarad aq ramdenime hipoTeza SeiZleba Semowmdes, kerZod: orive

enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, sityvebis daxsomebis da gaxsenebis

procesSi xasiaTdebian Tu ara Cveni cdispirebi erTgvari interindi-

vidualuri konstantobiT. cvlis Tu ara, savaraudod mosalodneli

51

asociaciebi miRweul Sedegs da riTi SeiZleba aixsnas es sxvaobebi.

rogoria gansxvaveba orive enis gamoyenebiT Cvens mier pirobiTad

SerCeul, ori asakobrivi jgufis maCveneblebs Soris.

3. saxeldebis procesis dasrulebisaTvis saxelmdebelma bgeraTa

kompleqsi da mniSvneloba urTierTSedatyvisad da urTierTSesaferisad

unda ganicados, xolo maT Soris urTierTmogebuloba da

urTierTSesatyvisoba aucileblad unda asrulebdes raime rols

sityvebis dauflebisa da gamoyenebis procesSi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi a.

bainduraSvilis azriT, gaugebari iqneboda sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu

ratomaa saWiro maTi urTierTSesatyvisad gancda saxeldebis procesis

dasrulebisaTvis (a. bainduraSvili 1971 w.).

n. baramiZem specialurad Seiswavla sakiTxi, sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa

da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb. man

xelovnurad daarRvia sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

arsebuli Sesabamisoba da Sedegad gamoavlina is siZnele, romelic aseTi

sityvebis daswavlis procesSi ganicdian cdispirebi. mkvlevaris azriT,

sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba ara

mxolod aadvilebs maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas da xels uwyobs

daswavlas, aramed daswavlis simtkicezec axdens gavlenas. garkveuli

varjiSis Semdeg SesaZlebelia daviswavloT rogorc urTierTSesatyvisi,

aseve araurTierTSesatyvisi sityvebi, magram es ukanasknelni pirvelTan

SedarebiT ufro advilad dagvaviwydeba.

ra safuZvli SeiZleba hqondes aseT daskvnas? ra mimarTavs

cdispirebs am arCevanisaken? n. baramiZem ver SeZlo gaeca pasuxi am

kiTxvebze. a. bainduraSvili ganmartavs, rom cdispirTa arCevanis

safuZveli ar aris cnobieri procesi. is aracnobieri mdgomareobaa da

maT gamosavlenad specialuri eqsperimentebia saWiro. d. uznaZis

gamokvlevaTa safuZvelze ki dgindeba, rom cnobierebis Sinaarsis

Taviseburebis ganmsazRvreli piroba aris cnobierebis winmswrebi,

obieqtis asaxvis Taviseburi mocemuloba aqtivobisadmi garkveuli

mzaobis saxiT.

d. uznaZis ganwyobis Teoriis mixedviT, obieqtis asaxvis es

Taviseburi da cnobierebis winaremocemuloba subieqtSi ganwyobis saxiT

52

aris warmodgenili. Tu rogor Camoyalibdeba bgeriTi kompleqsis gancda

da ra xasiaTisa iqneba saxeldebis Sinaarsis is zemoqmedeba, romelsac

eqvemdebareba igi, es damokidebulia im ganwyobaze, romelic win uswrebs

misi gancdis cnobierebaSi aRmocenebas da romelic gansazRvravs mis

ragvarobas. d. uznaZe Tavis cnobil SromaSi ènis Sinaforma~ xazgasmiT

miuTiTebs, rom `sityvasa da mniSvnelobas ganwyoba aSualebs, maT

gaerTianebas, maT sinTezs ganwyoba udevs safuZvlad~. igi am mosazrebebs

amyarebda Tavis adrindel eqsperimentul gamokvlevaze da ganwyobis

bunebis Sesaxeb dadgenil zogad debulebebze.

Cveni eqsperimenti, romelic rogorc avRniSneT `sityvis bgeriTi

mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobas, rogorc mexsierebis

intensifikaciis faqtoris~ kvlevis mizniT iqna Catarebuli,

warmoadgenda mexsierebis specifikuri, gansakuTrebuli rolis gamovle-

nas saxeldebis problemis kvlevis procesSi.

eqsperimentis gansxvavebulad dagegmvis gziT, romelic cdispirebs

masalis aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda, Cven SevecadeT gvekvlia

mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis gavlena saxeldebis procesis

mimdinareobaze, savaraudod, erT SemTxvevaSi saxeldebis procesi

SeiZleba dasruldes (xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategia), xolo sxva

SemTxvevaSi (xanmokle mexsierebis strategia) bgeriTi mxaris saxelsadeb

SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis SemuSaveba xanmokle droSi ver

moxerxdes. aqamde am sakiTxs TiTqmis aravin ar Sexebia, radgan am

sakiTxebis axsna Zveli Teoriuli daSvebis farglebSi SeuZlebeli iyo.

kognituri fsiqologiis ganviTarebam, mexsierebis procesis axali

formebis warmoqmnis pirobebi gansazRvra, kerZod XX saukunis 80-iani

wlebidan fsiqologTa yuradReba mipyrobil iqna axal lixotomiaze

implicitur da eqsplicitur mexsierebaze. implicituri mexsierebis

problema aqtualuria da dReisaTvis misi mimdinareobis kanonzomierebis

dadgenis mizniT mTel msoflioSi intensiuri kvleva warmoebs.

Cveni kvlevis farglebSi, sainteresod migvaCnia saxeldebis sakiTxi

davukavSiroT da avxsnaT mexsierebis Tanamedrove Teoriebis saSualebiT.

53

saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba vlindeba mnemur efeqtSi, romelic

swored mexsierebis aracnobier formebTan aris dakavSierbuli.

savaraudod es aris implicituri mexsierebis muSaobis Sedegi.

implicituri mexsiereba praimangis saxiT vlindeba. praimangi es aris

is efeqti, is Sedegi, rac implicituri mexsierebis moqmedebas mohyveba.

(Cvens SemTxvevaSi praimangi aris sityvawyvilebis aRdgena Sesatyvisobis

efeqtiT). aris Tu ara Sesatyvisoba indikatori, stimuli, romelsac

SeiZleba hqondes gavlena mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da

warmoadgendes mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors, es gamoCndeba

saxeldebis cdebis mnemur efeqtSi.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare saWirod migvaCnia, rom Cveni

eqsperimenti Catardes sul mcire sam seriad.

pirvel seriaSi – cdispirebs daevalos sityvawyvilebis aRdgena 10

wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg; ucxo enis sityvebis mixedviT.

meore seriaSi – erTi Tvis Semdeg yovelgvari winaswari gameorebis

gareSe sityvawyvilebis aRdgena moxdes ucxo enis sityvebis mixedviT.

mesame seriaSi – masalis aRdgena moxdes isev erTi Tvis Semdeg

meore seriis damTavrebisTanave. sityvawyvilebis erTxel ganmeorebis

uflebiT. sityvawyvilebis aRdgena moxdes isev ucxo enis sityvebis

mixedviT.

seriebs Soris gansxvaveba, mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiebiT

moqmedebis gavlenas gamoavlens saxeldebis procesze, rac dagvexmareba

saxeldebis safuZvlis axsnaSi.

2.2. dasamtkicebeli debulebebi

1. sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba,

rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris kvleva. mexsierebis

gansxvavebuli strategiebiT moqmedebis mniSvneloba saxeldebis cdebSi.

54

sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis procesSi praimingis efeqtis gamovlena,

rogorc implicituri mexsierebis moqmedebis Sedegi.

2. sityvebis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad

gancdis unaris kvleva, mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiebis

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva faqtorebis gavleniT. am faqtorTa

jgufs miekuTvneba: asakobrivi – faqtori; genderuli – faqtori;

socialuri _ garemo.

3. ori enis gamoyenebis, iaponurisa da Sveduris safuZvelze

analogiuri saxeldebis eqsperimentis Catareba, im faqtorTa rolis

gamosavlenad, romelic ganapirobebs mosalodnel Sedegs saxeldebis

eqsperimentebisaTvis misaRebi debulebis farglebSi ìnformacia,

romelsac cdispirebi ucnobi enis sityvebis bgeriTi mxaridan

mimRebloben erTgvari individualuri konstantobiT

xasiaTdebian~(a.bainduraSvili, 1971, gv.182)

aRniSnuli debulebebis dasamtkiceblad dasaxuli iqna Semdegi

amocanebis ganxorcieleba, vikvlieT:

eqsperimenti I.

1. cdis samive seriisaTvis calk–calke gansxvaveba Cvens mier

pirobiTad SerCeul or erTobliobas Soris (iaponuri sityvebi

Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT).

2. gansxvaveba seriebs Soris, romelic cdispirebs masalis aRdgenis

sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda.

3. gansxvaveba or asakobriv jgufs Soris (9-12 wlebi da 13-16 wlebi).

gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi.

eqsperimenti II-III.

analogiuri eqsperimentebi CavatareT Svedur enaze Cveulebriv

skolebSi (eqsperimenti II) da bavSvTa saxlebSi (eqsperimenti III).

damtkicebuli iqna igive debulebebi, garda aRniSnulisa ganxorcielda

Semdegi amocanebi.

1. skolebis Sedareba Sveduri enis gamoyenebiT (Cveulebriv skolasa

da bavSvTa saxlebs Soris) seriebis mixedviT, swored aRdgenil rogorc

Sesatyvis aseve araSesatvis sityvawyvilebze, moswavleTa mTel

raodenobaze da asakobriv jgufebSi.

55

2. enebis Sedareba (Sveduri da iaponuri) Cveulebrivi skolis

moswavleTa monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, cdispirTa mTel raodenobaze

da asakobriv jgufebSi.

56

Tavi III. empiriuli nawili

disertaciis miznebidan da amocanebidan gamomdinare eqsperimentuli

kvleva ramdenime etapad ganxorcielda. sul Catarebul iqna sami

eqsperimenti or ucxo enaze iaponur da Svedur enaze. sam seriad da

TiToeul seriaSi or variantad. TiToeuli eqsperimentis mizans

warmoadgenda sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

urTierTSesatyvisobis unaris kvleva, rogorc mexsierebis

intensifikaciis faqtoris. II-III eqsperimentebSi damatebiT vikvlieT im

faqtorTa roli, romelic savaraudod zemoqmedebas axdens aRniSnul

mxareTa Soris urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze.

3.1. I eqsperimenti- sityvis bgeriTi mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris

kvleva iaponuri enis sityvebze.

mocemul etapze ganxorcielebuli eqsperimentis mizans warmoadgenda

cdis samive seriaSi gamogvekvlia Cvens mier pirobiTad SerCeuli ori

erTobliobidan (iaponuri sityvebi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT) cdispirebisaTvis cdis masalis daswavla atarebda

SemTxveviT xasiaTs, Tu piriqiT, daswavlis procesSi cdispirebs

exmareboda sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mis mniSvnelobas Soris

kanonzomieri araSemTxveviTi kavSiri, eqsperimentSi SevecadeT gagverkvia

aRniSnul komponentebs Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc

mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris roli da agreTve mexsierebis

sxvadasxva strategiebis gavlena saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze.

Sesabamisad eqsperimentis amocanebi iyo:

1. TiToeuli seriisaTvis zemoT aRniSnuli am or cvlads Soris

arsebuli damokidebulebis dadgena.

2. seriebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena, romelic cdispirebs masalis

aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda.

57

3. mexsierebis sxvadasxva formebis muSaobis specifikis gamovlena

saxeldebis cdebSi;

4. biWebsa da gogonebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena Cvens mier

pirobiTad SerCeul or cvlads Soris;

5. asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena da maTi SedarebiTi

analizi.

kvlevis meTodis daxasiaTeba

kvlevis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad SevarCieT S.

tsuresa da h. frisis eqsperimentebSi gamoyenebuli iaponuri sityvebi. am

meTodiT saTaves iReben eqsperimentebi, romlebSic saxeldebis

problemebis kvlevis mizniT cdis masalad bunebrivi enebis leqsika

gamoiyeneboda; am meTodis modifikaciebiT isargebla bevrma avtorma (g.

olporti, s. riCi, a. bleki, r. brauni, a. horoviCi, a. bainduraSvili, n.

bainduraSvili, m. sirbilaZe, n. baramiZe da sxvebi). eqsperimentSi

gamoyenebuli iyo 25 wyvili iaponuri sityva, TiToeuli sityvawyvili ise

iyo SerCeuli, rom SesaZleblobis farglebSi erTimeoris sapirispiro

Sinaarsebi gamoexataT. magaliTad: Citi – Wia, omi da zavi da sxva.

pirvel adgilze moTavsebuli inglisur sityvas yovelTvis ar

Seesabameboda pirvel adgilze myofi iaponuri sityva. cdispirs unda

waekiTxa TiToeuli sityvawyvili da ganesazRvra romel iaponur sityvas

romeli inglisuri sityva Seesabameboda.

Cveni kvleva, rogorc zemoT avRniSneT sami eqsperimentisgan

Sedgeboda. pirveli eqsperimentSi S tsuresa da h. frisis analogiurad

gamoiyeneboda iaponuri sityvebi, maTi eqvivalenturi da

araeqvivalenturi qarTuli mniSvnelobebiT. xolo meore da mesame

eqsperimenti tardeboda Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis gamoyenebiT.

samive eqsperimentis cdebi mimdinareobda analogiurad sam seriad.

cdis aRwera:

cdebi Sedgeboda sami seriisagan. TiToeuli seria tardeboda

cdispirTa erTsa da imave jgufebze or variantad (I da II varianti).

TiToeul variantSi dakavebulni iyvnen sxvadasxva cdispirebi. cdispirTa

am or jgufs Soris iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebi sxvadasxvanairad

58

nawildeboda. is iaponuri sityvebi, romlebic I variantis cdispirTa

jgufebs eZleodaT ekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT, II variantis cdispirTa

jgufebs – is araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT miewodebaT da piriqiT is

sityvebi, romlebic I variantis cdispirTa jgufebs eZleodaT

araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT, II variantSi es sityvebi ekvivalenturi

mniSvnelobiT iyo warmodgenili.

I variantisaTvis SerCeuli iyo 20 sityva, sadac 10 iaponur sityvas 10

Sesatyvisi qarTuli sityva, xolo danarCen 10 iaponur sityvas 10

qarTuli araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis mqone sityva hqonda miwerili.

II variantSi cdispirebs eZleodaT analogiurad mxolod 20 sityva,

sadac 10 iaponur sityvas 10 Sesatyvisi qarTuli sityva, xolo danarCen

10 iaponur sityvas 10 araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis qarTuli sityva

Seesabameboda. garda amisa monacemTa mravalferovnebis mizniT, qarTul-

iaponuri sityvebi iseTnairad iqna SerCeuli, rom maTgan 10 iaponur

sityvas I da II variantSi miwerili hqonda antonimuri mniSvnelobis

qarTuli sityvebi. (magaliTad: heeua – omi (I varianti) da heeua –

mSvidoba (II varianti), xolo danarCens SemTxveviTi mniSvnelobiT

SerCeuli sityvebi. ZiriTadi principebi qarTul-iaponuri

siryvawyvilebis SerCevisa orive variantSi iyo analogiuri.

I seria

monawileebi:

kvlevaSi monawileobda 177 cdispiri. aqedan I asakobriv jgufSi (9-12

wlis) iyo 89 cdispiri, II asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) 88 cdispiri.

cdebi tardeboda Tbilisis or 165-e da 23-e sajaro skolebSi. IV –

XI klasis moswavleebTan.

cdis masala:

cdispirebs urigdebodaT furclebi, romlebzedac iyo iaponur-

qarTuli sityvebis CamonaTvali. erT nawils yovel asakobriv jgufSi

eZleoda I variantis nimuSi, xolo danarCen nawils moswavleebisas – II

variantis nimuSi. cdispirebis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos orive

variantis Sedarebis gziT xdeboda monacemTa analizi, Cveni hipoTezis

Sesaxeb, anu ramdenad mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens bgeriTi mxaresa da

59

mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba maTi daxsomebisa da daswavlis

procesze.

miwodebuli iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebi

I varianti

aka – wiTeli

heeua – omi

tatakai – mSvidoba

muSi – Wia

Sikaku – wre

katai – magari

tori – Citi

haiai – neli

uarui – kargi

Cikai – axlos

osoi – Cqari

nigotta – WuWyiani

Ciisai – patara

maru – kvadrati

oio – cudi

teki – mteri

tooi – megobari

iavuai – rbili

ookii – didi

mikata – Sors

procedura

cdebi yovel asakobriv jgufSi tardeboda analogiuri wesiT.

cdispirebs eZleodaT Semdegi instruqciebi: I seria.

`qvemoT warmodgnilia qarTuli da iaponuri sityvebis wyvili.

TiToeul qarTul sityvas swored es iaponuri Seesatyviseba. Tqven

gevalebaT daixsomoT es sityvawyvilebi. dasaxsomeblad geZlevaT

mxolod 10 wuTi, ris Semdegac dagirigdebaT axali furclebi mxolod

II varianti

aka - WuWyiani

heeua – mSvidoba

tatakai – omi

muSi - mteri

Sikaku – wre

katai – didi

tori – Wia

haiai – Cqari

uarui – cudi

Cikai – magari

osoi – neli

nigotta – rbili

Ciisai – axlos

maru – wre

oio – kargi

teki – sqeli

tooi – Sors

iavuai – wiTeli

ookii – patara

mikata – megobari

60

iaponuri sityvebis CamonaTvaliT. Tqveni movaleobaa miaweroT am iaponur

sityvebs Sesatyvisi qarTuli mniSvnelobebi. anketis Sevsebis

xangrZlivobaa maqsimum 10 wuTi~.

II – III seria

meore seria tardeboda 1 Tvis Semdeg igive cdispirebze, igive

masaliT or variantad. cdispirebs eZleodaT meore instruqcia: `Tqven

dagirigdebaT anketebi mxolod iaponuri sityvebiT da gevalebaT

aRadginoT maTi Sesatyvisi qarTuli mniSvnelobebi. mofiqrebisaTvis

geZlevaT maqsimum 10 wuTi. SeecadeT gaixsenoT rac SeiZleba meti

raodenoba am sityvebisa~.

samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg cdispirebs CamoerTmeodaT namuSevrebi

da eZleodaT ukve mesamed erTxel gadakiTxvis uflebiT iaponur-

qarTuli sityvawyvilebis anketebi xelaxali gaxsenebisaTvis.

(III seria) mesame instruqcia:

“gasaxseneblad dagirigdebaT anketebi TqvenTvis kargad nacnobi

iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebiT, erTxel gadakiTxvis uflebiT.” amis

Semdeg cdispirebs CemoerTmeodaT furclebi da eZleodaT xelaxali

anketebi wyvilis mesamed aRdgenis mizniT. cdis II-III seriebi tardeboda

cdispirTa erTsa da imave raodenobaze 177-177 cdispirze. xolo

asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT cdispirebi aseTnairad nawildebodnen II-III

seriaSi cal-calke 9-12 wlis – 89-89 cdispiri, 13-16 wlis 88-88 cdispiri.

eqsperimentis Sedegebis ganxilva

miRebuli monacemebi damuSavda statistikuri programis SPSS-is

saSualebiT, monacemTa damuSavebisas gamoyenebuli iqna saSualoTa

Sedarebis meTodi damoukidebuli jgufebisaTvis (Independent Sample T test)

da Sewyvilebuli jgufebisaTvis (Paired Semple T test).

ganvixiloT cdis samive seriis Sedegebi cal-calke.

cdis I seriaSi Cvens mier miwodebuli 20 iaponur-qarTuli

sityvawyvilidan 10 wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT

61

aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenoba iyo M=11.4 araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvebisaTvis ki M=10.6 (ix.diagrama 1).

diagrama 1. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT

(iaponuri ena)

9,6

8,1

5,2

3,3

11,4

10,6

Sesatyvisi miwodeba III seriaSi

araSesatyvisi miwodeba III seriaSi

Sesatyvisi miwodeba II seriaSi

araSesatyvisi miwodeba II seriaSi

Sesatyvisi miwodeba I seriaSi

araSesatyvisi miwodeba I seriaSi

rogorc vxedavT, pirvel seriaSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba

mcirediT aRemateba araSesatyvisad mowodebuli sityvawyvilebis

raodenobas, es gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSvnelovani ar aris sig=0.07.

p<0.05. (ix. cxrili 1).

cxrili 1. Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas

aRdgenebis Sedareba seriebis mixedviT

t Sig. (2-tailed)

I seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,16 0,07

II seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 6,795 0,000

III seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,169 0,06

62

Tu TiToeul Cvens mier pirobiTad SerCeul asakobriv jgufSi

SevadarebT Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad miwodebisas erTidaigive

sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo mniSvnelobas, vnaxavT rom igive tendencia

gvaqvs, rac miviReT mTel jgufSi. pirvel seriaSi Sesatyvisi da

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored

aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobas Soris sxvaoba ar iyo mniSvnelovani, anu

daaxloebiT erTnairad aRadgendnen. I asakobriv jgufSi (9-12 wlis)

sig=0.09 p<0.05 da II asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) sig=0.07 p<0.05 (ix.

cxrili 2).

ცხრილი 2.

Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas aRdgenebis

Sedareba TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi, seriebis mixedviTt Sig. (2-tailed)

I seria

9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2.93 0,09

13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,15 0.07

II seria

9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 6,795 0,000

13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 4.985 0.000

III seria

9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba0.985

0,09


axdens Tu ara gavlenas asaki sworad aRdgenis raodenobaze anu

SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT, rom 9-12 wlis da 13-16 wlis moswavleebi

erTnairad aRadgenen sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs? diagrama 2-ze Cans is

gansxvaveba, riTac ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebi aRemateba

rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas

swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobis mixedviT umcrosi asakobrivi

63

jgufis moswavleebs. Muf=12.0, xolo Mumc=8.8 araSesatyvisi miwodebisas

da Mef=12.3, xolo Mumc=10.5 Sesatyvisi miwodebis SemTxvevaSi.

diagrama 2. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas swored

aRdgenebis saSualoთა Sedareba ასაკის mixedviT TiToeul seriaSi (iaponuri ena)

9,6

7,9

5,5

3,7

10,5

8,8

9,7

8,2

5,0

2,9

12,3

12,0

Sesatyvisi miwodeba

araSesatyvisi miwodeba

Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


III ser

iaII ser

iaI ser

ia

sworad aRdgenili sityvebissaSualo raodenoba

13-16 weli 9-12 weli

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba miviReT asakobrivi jgufebis

Sedarebisas swori aRdgenebis raodenobis mixedviT, rogorc Sesatyvis

ise araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze (ix. cxrili 3).

64

ცხრილი 3.

შესატყვისი მნიშვნელობით და არაშესატყვისი მნიშვნელობით

მიწოდებისას სწორედ აღდგენების საშუალოთა შედარება ასაკობრივი

ჯგუფების მიხედვით თითოეულ სერიაში

t Sig. (2-tailed)

I seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,564 0,003

araSesatyvisi miwodeba 3,485 0.002

II seria

Sesatyvisi miwodeba 1,603 0.223

araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,715 0.356

III seria

Sesatyvisi miwodeba 1,24 0,258

araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,263 0,095

aris Tu ara gavsxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, anu axdens Tu ara

gavlenas sqesi swored aRdgenebis raodenobaze. cxrili #4-dan

vnaxulobT, rom gansxvaveba swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobebs

Soris, rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT

gogonebTan da biWebTan umniSvneloa. Mean (gogo)=5.86, Mean (biWi)=5.55

Sesatyvisi miwodebisas, xolo Mean (gogo)=5.48, M ean (biWi)=5.22

araSesatyvisad miwodebisas. rogorc gogonebTan, aseve biWebTan Sesatyvis

mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba metia vidre

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba (ix.

cxrili 4).

65

ცხრილი 4. შესატყვისი მნიშვნელობით და არაშესატყვისი მნიშვნელობით მიწოდებისას სწორედ

აღდგენების საშ უალოთა შედარება სქესის მიხედვით თითოეულ სერიაში (იაპონური ენა)

sqesi Mean

I seria

Sesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 5,55

gogo 5,86

araSesatyvisi miwodebabiWi 5,22

gogo 5,48

II seria


gogo 2,63


gogo 1,72

III seria


gogo 5,23


gogo 4,97

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba ar aRmoCnda orive sqesis

Sedarebisas rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT (ix.

cxrili 5).

ცხრილი 5. ორივე სქესის შედარება, როგორც შესატყვის, ასევე არაშესატყვის მნიშვნელობebze

t Sig. (2-tailed)

I seria

Sesatyvisi miwodeba -1,097 0,274

araSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,751 0,454

II seria



III seria



66

II seria

cdis II seriaSi iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis xelaxali

reproduqcia moxda zustad 1 Tvis Semdeg, ganmeorebis gareSe. aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis raodenoba gacilebiT naklebi iyo, vidre cdis I seriaSi.

Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba MSes=5.2.

xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba

MaraS=3.3. gansxvaveba cdis II seriaSi Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad

aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad mniSvnelovania. sig=0.000

p<0.05 es monacemebi gamoTvlilia moswavleTa mTel raodenobaze

(cxrili 1).

gansxvaveba asakobriv jgufebSi Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad

aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad mniSvnelovania. I

asakobriv jgufSi (9-12 wlis) es gansxvaveba tolia sig=0.000 p<0.05, igive

mniSvnelobas Rebulobs II asakobrivi jgufic (13-16 wlis) sig=0.000 p<0.05

(cxrili 2).

sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT am seriaSi sapirispiro

viTareba gvaqvs vidre I seriaSi. rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba ufro metia I

asakobriv jgufSi, vidre II asakobriv jgufSi, I asakobriv jgufSi

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis dros M ean =3.7, xolo Sesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis dros M ean=5.5.

II asakobriv jgufSi araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo

raodenoba M ean=2.9, xolo Sesatyvisi raodenobiT aRdgenis saSualo

raodenoba Mean =5.0 (diagrama 2). statistikurad sando gansxvaveba II

seriaSi jgufebs Soris, rogorc Sesatyvisad, aseve araSesatyvisad

aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi ver miviReT. Sesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi

sig=0.223 p<0.05; araSesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevasi sig=0.356 p<0.05.

(ix.cxrili 3).

genderul jgufebSi gogonebsa da biWebs Soris swored aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba umniSvneloa.

Sesatyvisad aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba biWebTan Mean=2.56,

gogonebTan Mean=2.63. araSesatyvisad aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba

67

biWebTan M ean=1.55, gogonebTan M ean=1.72. rogorc vxedavT, miuxedavad

imisa, rom raodenobrivad rogorc Sesatyvis, aseve araSesatyvis

sityvawyvilebis aRdgenebs Soris sxvaoba umniSvneloa orive sqesis

SemTxvevaSi, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis aRdgenebis

saSualo maCvenebeli metia, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis

saSualo maCvenebeli. (cxrili 4). statistikurad sando gansxvaveba ar

aRmoCnda arc am seriaშi, orive sqesis Sedarebisas aRdgenil

sityvawyvilebs Soris, rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT (ix.cxrili 5).

III seria

cdis III seriaSi, rogorc avRniSneT cdispirebs masalis mxolod

erTxel, xelaxali gadakiTxvis ufleba hqondaT. III seria tardeboda II

seriis dasrulebisTanave. (cdispirebi iaponur sityvebs aRadgendnen

mesamejer).

mesame seriaSi cdispirTa mTel raodenobasTan Catarebuli

eqsperimentidan irkveva, rom Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas

aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis saSualo mniSvneloba ufro metia

M =9.6, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi M =8.1.

(diagrama 1).

maT Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ar aris sig=0.06 p<0.05,

(cxrili 1).

gansxvaveba asakobriv jgufebs Soris Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad

aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs SigniT statistikurad sando ar aris. ufros

asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) sig=0.06 p<0.05. umcros asakobriv jgufSi

ki gansxvaveba tolia sig=0.09 p<0.05 (ix.cxrili 2).

ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi ufro meti raodenobiთ

aRadgenen sityvebs, vidre umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi,

rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT. am mxriv igive

viTarebaa rasac adgili hqonda cdis I seriaSi.

I asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebTan araSesatyvisi sityvawyvilebis

aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba M =7.9. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili

sityvebis raodenoba M =9.6. II asakobriv jgufSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

68

aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenoba M=9.7. xolo

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba M=8.2

(ix.diagrama 2).

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba III seriaSi jgufebs Soris, rogorc

Sesatyvisad, aseve araSesatyvisad aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi ver miviReT.

Sesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig=0.258 p<0.05

Aაraშesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig=0.095 p<0.05

(ix.cxrili 3).

genderul jgufebSi, gogonebsa da biWebs Soris swored aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba, rogorc

Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT statistikurad sandoa.

Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sig=0.001 p<0.05, araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

sig=0.002 p<0.05 (ix. cxrili 5).

da bolos seriebis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad

mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda yvelgan pirvelsa da meore serias Soris

sig=0.000 p<0.05; meore da mesame serias Soris sig=0.000 p<0.05; pirvelsa

da mesame serias Soris sig=0.005 p<0.05. (ix.cxrili 6).

ცხრილი 6. სერიებს შორის შედარება

T sig.

pirveli da meore seria 19,348 0.000

meore da mesame seria 15,877 0.000

pirveli da mesame seria 10,248 0.005

eqsperimentis Sedegebis analizi

I eqsperimentis es saerTo Sedegi miuTiTebs imaze, rom sityvis

bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unari

kanonzomieri procesia. saxelisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesabamisoba

69

aadvilebs maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas, xels uwyobs sityvebis

dauflebis process da daswavlis simtkicesac ganapirobebs. Cveni

eqsperimentis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, romelic cdispirebs masalis

aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda, gamovarkvieT mexsierebis

sxvadasxva strategiebis gavlena saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze.

SevadareT yvela seriis davalebebis specifikurobidan gamomdinare,

orive sqesisa da asakobrivi jgufis gaTvaliswinebiT moswavleTa

Sedegebi.

I seriis Sedegebi

cdis I seriis Sedegebis analizisas (romlis mixedviTac cdispirebi

erTnairi warmatebiT imaxsovreben rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSe-

satyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul iaponur sityvebs) bunebrivia ibadeba

kiTxva xom ar ganapirobebs gameorebaTa garkveuli raodenoba masalis

daswavlas da misi Semdgomi reproduqciisas Cvens mier sakvlev

hipoTezas xom ar ayenebs eWvqveS?

am sakiTxis asaxsnelad SeiZleba daswavlis `hiperfiqsaciis~ kanons

mivmarToT, rogorc d. uznaZe aRniSnavs: `Warbi gameorebis dadebiTi

mnemuri Rirebuleba gansazRvrul farglebSi udaoa da igi damaxsovrebis

ganmtkicebaSi iCens Tavs~ (d. uznaze, 1998, gv. 387). magram rogoria yoveli

masalis dasamaxsovreblad saWiro gameorebaTa minimaluri raodenoba?

razea is damokidebuli? isev uznaZesTan vnaxulobT, rom `rac ufro mets

imeoreb, miT ufro naklebsa da naklebs mateb ukve damaxsovrebuli

raodenobas~. magram rogor iCens Tavs am kanonis Tavisebureba Cvens

eqsperimentSi?

instruqciis Tanaxmad, rogorc vnaxeT gameorebaTa ricxvi ar iyo

zustad gansazRvruli. zogisTvis is SeiZleboda yofiliyo meti,

zogisTvis naklebi. Cveni cdis pirobebis gamo am ricxvis zusti dadgena

SeuZlebeli iyo. gasaTvaliwinebeli iyo agreTve bunebrivi tempic, radgan

swavlis tempi swored pirovnebis bunebriv tempTan aris dakavSirebuli.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cdis I seriis SedegebSi absoluturad

aisaxeba es Tvalsazrisi, radgan udaoa, rom gameorebaTa ricxvi

70

garkveul rols TamaSobs iaponur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis daswavlis

procesSi da es dro sruliad sakmarisia cdis masalis dasaხსომებlad.

aseTi daskvna saWiroebs kvlevis Sedegebis axsnas instruqciis

specifikidan gamomdinare, romelic ki ar uaryofs sakvlev hipoTezas,

aramed mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiebis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs

saxeldebis procesSi.

instruqciis Tanaxmad. cdis I seriaSi cdispirebisaTvis mexsierebis

marTvis strategia iyo `gameoreba~ da informaciis dauyovneblad

amoReba-aRdgena.

amrigad, rodesac instruqcia cdispirebisagan moiTxovda masalis

aRdgenas mokle vadaSi, cdispirebi erTnairi warmatebiT asrulebdnen

davalebas, rac imas niSnavs, rom savaraudod instruqciis Sesrulebis

procesSi CarTuli iyo xanmokle mexsierebis strategia da ara

Sesatyvisoba-araSesatyvisobis principi. amitom, Cveni winaswari hipoTeza,

rom sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba

mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mnemur procesze ar vrceldeba

moklevadiani reproduqciis dros. xanmokle mexsiereba anxorcielebs

myisier insrtuqcias da ar eswreba bgeriTi kompleqsis saxelsadeb

SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis SemuSaveba bunebrivi gziT.

Cvens mier zemoT aRniSnul movlenaze, anu sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa

da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze, asakobrivi

faqtori ar axdens gavlenas. TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SigniT,

gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul

sityvawyvilebze umniSvneloa. rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom saTanado

ganwyobis Seqmnis pirobebSi mnemuri efeqti Tanabrad muSaobs normaluri

inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis mqone yvela cdispirze. am SemTxvevaSi

SeiZleba vilaparakoT mxolod mexsierebis marTvis procesebze

swavlebis dros. Oorive SemTxvevaSi araSesatyvisobis siZneles Cveni

cdispirebi daxsomebis procesSi umklavdebian swored formulirebuli

daswavlis strategiebiT saswavlo an Cvens SemTxvevaSi eqsperimentul

situaciaSi.

garda amisa, aRmoCnda rom rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli sityvebis aRdgenis procentuli raodenoba

71

ufros asakobriv jgufSi ufro maRalia, vidre umcros asakobriv

jgufSi, xolo gansxvaveba askobrivi jgufebis Sedarebisas swori

aRdgenebis raodenobis mixedviT cal-calke, rogorc Sesatyvis aseve

araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze statistikurad sandoa. (ix.cx.#3) es Sedegi

gvafiqrebinebs, rom ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebs askobriv

kognituri gamocdileba saSvalebas aZlevs ufro efeqturad warmarTon

daxsomebis procesi, xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis SemTxvevaSi.

gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebs Soris aRdgenis

procesSi statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda. anu xanmokle mexsierebis

strategiis pirobebSi kognituri procesebi gogonebTan da biWebTan

erTnairad mimdinareobs.

II seriis Sedegebi

cdis II seriaSi seriebs Soris erTTviani intervalis Semdeg,

sityvawyvilebis xelaxali aRdgenis Sedegad gairkva, rom Sesatyvisi

iaponuri mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebis aRdgena ufro meti raodenobiT

xdeba, vidre araSesatyvisi, rac statistikurad sandoa. sityvis bgeriT

mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis SemTxvevaSi

vlindeba mnemuri efeqti – da sityvebi adekvaturi mniSvnelobiT

cdispirebs amaxsovrdebaT ara mxolod ufro didi raodenobiT, aramed

mtkiced, vidre bgeriTi kompleqsebi araadekvaturi mniSvnelobiT. e.i.

sityvis bgeriT mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba aadvilebs

maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas, xels uwyobs daswavlas da mis

simtkicezec axdens gavlenas.

zemoTaRniSnuli amarTlebs Cvens hipoTezas, rom saxeldeba ar aris

SemTxveviTi procesi da masSi monawileobis pirveladi ganwyoba,

romelic sxva enobrivi koleqtivis wevrebisTvisac TiTqmis identuria.

cdis II seriaSi xangrZlivi mexsiereba cdis masalis aRdgenis ufro

farTe SesaZleblobebs iZleva, rac vlindeba mis mier Sesrulebul or

SedegSi: a) sityvawyvilebis saerTo raodenobis aRdgenaSi; b) Sesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis efeqturobaSi.

72

rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli

sityvawyvilebis aRdgena umcros asakobriv jgufSi raodenobrivad odnav

ufro maRalia, vidre ufros asakobriv jgufSi, rac mas ganasxvavebs I

seriis Sedegebisagan. orive asakobriv jgufis EESedarebisas cal-calke

Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad swored aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis

raodenobebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ver miviReT, rac

gvafiqrebinebs, rom orive asakobriv jgufSi, garkveuli periodis Semdeg,

cnobierebis monawileobis gareSe mimdinare procesebi absoluturad

identuria.

TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SegniT iseve rogorc cdispirTa mTel

raodenobasTan Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul

sityvawyvilebze gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa, rac savaraudod,

saxeldebis procesis dasrulebaze metyvelebs. saxeldebis kanonzomieri

buneba vlindeba mnemur efeqtSi, romelic mexsierebis aracnobier

faqtorTan aris dakavSirebuli. Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom

Sesatyvisoba aris stimuli (praimi) romelsac SeiZleba gavlena hqondes

mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgens mexsierebis

intensifikaciis faqtors, dadasturda. amrigad, cdis II seria

implicituri mexsierebis muSaobis process warmoadgens, romelic

praimangis Sedegis saxiT vlindeba.

gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebs Soris aRdgenis

procesSi, statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda. anu xangrZlivi mexsierebis

strategiis gamoyenebisas, iseve rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis (I seria)

strategiis SemTxvevaSi gogonebsa da biWebs Soris kognituri procesebi

praqtikulad erTnairad mimdinareobs.

III seriis Sedegebi

cdis III seriaSi, roca masalis reproduqcia moxda mesamed erTi Tvis

Semdeg, erTi gameorebis uflebiT (Tumca am ricxvis zusti dadgena

SeuZlebeli iyo) aRmoCnda, rom cdispirebi iaponur-qarTuli

73

sityvawyvilebis daswavlas da aRdgenas axdendnen sakmaod didi

raodenobiT II seriasTan SedarebiT da ufro mcired I seriasTan

SedarebiT. saqme imaSia, rom rac ufro meti dro gadis raime garkveuli

masalis daswavlis momentidan, miT ufro Sors midis daviwyebis procesi,

magram is absoluturi daviwyebis dones mainc verasodes ver aRwevs.

Cvens SemTxvevaSi am masalis xelaxla daswavla sagrZnoblad ufro

advili aRmoCnda, vidre misi Tavidan daswavla. am Sedegidan gamomdinare,

gameorebaTa ricxvis simciris gamo, rogorc Cans cdispirebi axdenen

mxolod axlaxans aRqmulis reproduqcias da am mokle drois

ganmavlobaSi bgeraTa kompleqsis, saxelsadebi Sinaarsis funqciis

matareblad gancdis ganwyoba maT ar eqmnebaT. (a. bainduraSvili 1978

weli). aRmniSvnelsa da aRsaniSns Soris urTierTmorgebis da

urTierTasimilaciis procesi ver sruldeba da amitom gansxvaveba

iaponuri sityvebis Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenaTa

Soris III seriaSi statistikurad mniSvnelovani ar aris (ix.cxrili 1).

cdis III seriaSi miRebuli Sedegebi mnemur aspeqtSi iZleva

mexsierebis orive formis mixedviT, rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis, aseve

xangrZlivi mexsierebis TvalsazrisiT Semajamebel efeqts. cdis III

seriaSi aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba ufro metia, vidre II seriaSi.

gansxvaveba iaponur-qarTul sityvawyvilebs Soris Sesatyvisi da

arasSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda arc erT

asakobriv jgufSi da arc TiToeuli jgufis SigniT calke Sesatyvis da

araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebs Soris (ix.cxrili 3).

aRniSnuli kriteriumebis mixedviT gansxvaveba gogonebsa da biWebs

Soris statistikurad sandoa. gansxvavebiT I da II seriisgan amis mizezad,

cdis III seriaSi, SeiZleba CaiTvalos xanmokle mexsierebis ganmeorebiT

CarTvis SesaZlebloba da genderuli sxvaobebi.

seriebs Soris arsebuli gansxvaveba statistikurad sando aRmoCnda

yvela SemTxvevaSi, (ixcxrili 6) rac amtkicebs mexsierebis sxvadasxva

Fformis gansxvavebulad zemoqmedebis SesaZleblobas saxeldebis

procesis mimdinareobaze.

74

3.2. II eqsperimenti – sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris


kvleva Sveduri enis sityvebze.

aRniSnuli eqsperimentis Catarebis mizans warmoadgenda Svedur enaze

I eqsperimentis identuri eqsperimentis Catareba imave skolebis da imave

asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebTan garkveuli mosazrebiT, kerZod: orive

enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi sityvebis daxsomebis da gaxsenebis procesSi

xasiaTdebian Tu ara cdispirebi erTgvari interindividualuri

konstantobiT;. enaTa Soris gansxvaveba aris Tu ara statistikurad

sando, Cvens mier SerCeuli meTodis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT.


1. TiToeuli seriisaTvis zemoT aRniSnuli cvladebs Soris

(Sveduri sityvebi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT) arsebuli

damokidebulebis dadgena.

2. seriebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena, romelic cdispirebs masalis

aRdgenis sxvadsxva pirobebSi ayenebda;

3. mexsierebis sxvadasxva formebis muSaobis specifikis gamovlena

saxeldebis cdebSi;

4. genderuli gansxvavebis dadgena Cvens mier pirobiTad SerCeul or

cvlads Soris;

5. asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena da maTi

SedarebiTi analizi;

6. enebis Sedareba (Sveduri da iaponuri) Cveulebrivi skolis

moswavleTa monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT cdispirTa mTel raodenobaze.

75

kvlevis meTodis daxasiaTeba da masalis SerCeva

kvlevis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad saWiro iyo I

eqsperimentis identuri eqsperimentis Catareba meore ucnob Svedur enaze.

S. tsurusa da g. frisis mier SerCeuli iaponuri sityvebi iTargmna

Svedur enaze. radgan Sveduri ena evropuli ojaxis enebs miekuTvneba,

amitom Cveni cdispirebisaTvis nacnob inგlisur da germanul enebTan

asociaciebis maqsimalurad gamoricxvis mizniT CavatareT sityvebis

SesarCevi winaswari cdebi. am SerCevaSi monawileobas iRebdnen

fsiqologiis fakultetis studentebi.

cdebi Catarda or variantad da TiToeul variantSi monawileobas

iRebda 40-40 cdispiri.

pirveli varianti – cdispirebs eZleodaT Semdegi instruqcia:

`qvemoT moyvanilia sityvawyvilebi qarTul enaze. romlebsac

miwerili aqvT Sesatyvisi Sveduri sityvaTa wyvili. Tqven gevalebaT

amoicnoT, Tu romeli Sveduri sityva Seesatyviseba TiToeul qarTul

sityvas mocemuli wyvilidan.”

am amocanis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad aucilebelia

ixelmZRvaneloT pirveli STabeWdilebiT, sityvebi TviTon gagrZnobineben

Tu romel sityvas Seesatyviseba esa Tu is Sveduri sityva. Tu I adgilze

myof qarTul sityvas Tqveni STabeWdilebiT Seesatyviseba I adgilze

myofi Sveduri sityva, maSin I kvadratSi Caiwereba ,,a’’ aso, Tu

I adgilze myofi qarTuli sityvas Seesatyviseba meore adgilze

myofi Sveduri sityva aRniSneT ase ,,b’’ . sityvebi ikiTxeba xmamaRla”.

sul iyo aseTi 25 qarTul-Sveduri sityva.

miwodebuli masala:

1. a) Citi masq

b) Wia fogel

76

2. a) wiTeli groin

b) mwvane riod

3. a) mSvidoba fred

b) omi qrig

4. a) tkbili besq

b) mware sioT

5. a) Cqari snabi

b) neli lonsam

6. a) TeTri viT

b) Savi svarT

7. a) Sors borTa

b) axlos nera

8. a) rbili hord

b) magari miuq

9. a) Wkviani dum

b) suleli smarT

10. a) maRali log

b) dabali hiog

77

11. a) frani draqe

b) navi boT

12. a) moxuci iung

b) axalgazrda gamal

13. a) kvadrati firqanT

b) wre sirqel

14. a) kargi dolig

b) cudi bra

15. a) qeba Sela

b) Zageba berioma

16. a) didi liTen

b) patara sTur

17. a) sufTa smuTsing

b) WuWyiani rien

18. a) mteri friende

b) megobari ven

19. a) cxeli varm

b) civi qal

78

20. a) arian fins inTe

b) ar arian fins

21. a) lurji gul

b) yviTeli blo

22. a) sqeli Tun

b) Txeli SCoq

23. a) mrudi raq

b) swori sned

24. a) marTali fel

b) tyuili reT

25. a) maxvili vas

b) blagvi sliT

sityvebis SesarCevad sxva cdispirebze CavatareT cdis meore

varianti, isev fsiqologiis fakultetidan; cdispirebs eZleodaT

furclebi, romlebSic tipografiulad iyo dabeWdili 44 wyvili

qarTuli da Sveduri sityvebi. qarTuli sityvebis nawils miwerili

hqonda ekvivalenturi Sveduri sityva. nawils ki - araekvivalenturi

sityva, Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: 1 +; 2 +; 3 +; 4 _; 5 +; 6 _; 7 +; 8 +; 9 _; 10

_; 11 +; 12 +; 13 _; 14 _; 15 _; 16 +; 17 _; 18 +; 19 +; 20 _; 21 _; 22 +; 23 +; 24 +;

25 +; 26 _; 27 +; 28 -; 29 +; 30 +; 31 +; 32 _; 33 _; 34 +; 35 _; 36 _; 37 _; 38 +; 39

_; 40 +; 41 +; 42 _; 43 _; 44 +.

79

instruqcia meore variantis masalaze iyo aseTi:

èqsperimenti miznad isaxavs sityvis grZnobis unaris Seswavlas.

qvemoT moyvanili yovel qarTul sityvas miwerili aqvs Sveduri sityva.

zogierTi Sveduri sityva namdvilad niSnavs imas, ra qarTuli sityvac

aqvs miwerili, zogierTi ki _ ara. Tqven gevalebaT gaarkvioT romeli

Sveduri sityva aris warmodgenili namdvili mniSvnelobiT da romeli

ara. am davalebis Sesrulebisas ixelmZRvaneleT pirveli

STabeWdilebebiT. sityvebi TviTon `gagrZnobineben” romelia namdvili

mniSvneloba da romeli ara. Tu fiqrobT, rom Sveduri sityva namdvili

mniSvnelobiT aris warmodgenili, maSin imave striqonSi moTavsebul

kvadratSi ,,+’’CawereT, Tu ara, maSin imave kvadratSi CawereT

niSani ,,_~.

1. Citi fogeli

2. wiTeli riiod

3. mSvidoba fred

4. tkbili besq

5. Cqari snab

6. TeTri svarT

7. kvadrati firqanT

8. kargi bra

80

9. Wkviani dum

10. maRali log

11. qeba berioma

12. Sors borTa

13. moxuci ung

14. lurji gul

15. sqeli Tun

16. rbili miuq

17. didi liTen

18. sufTa ren

19. mteri fiende

20. mrudi raq

21. marTali fel

22. maxvili vas

81

23. Wia masq

24. mwvane groin

25. omi qrig

26. mware sioT

27. neli longsam

28. Savi viT

29. wre sirqal

30. cudi dolig

31. Zageba Sela

32. suleli smarT

33. dabali hiog

34. axlos nera

35. axalgazrda gamal

36. yviTeli blo

82

37. Txeli SCioq

38. magari hord

39. patara sTur

40. WuWyiani smuT

41. megobari ven

42. swori snel

43. tyuili reT

44. blagvi slio.

aRweril eqsperiments erTi seriozuli nakli aqvs, romelic

saerTod damaxasiaTebelia am tipis eqsperimentebisaTvis. saxelisa da

mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba srulyofilad gamovlindeba maSin,

rodesac cdispirebis mier ucnobi enis fonetikuri Semadgenloba

savsebiT adekvaturad iqneba aRqmuli. aseTi ram ki am tipis

eqsperimentebSi ver xerxdeba.

es mdgomareoba sxvadasxva mizezebiT SeiZleba iqnes ganpirobebuli.

a. bainduraSvili am mdgomareobis erT-erT mizezad asaxelebs

Seusatyvisobas enasa da damwerlobas Soris. gansxvaveba sityvis dawerasa

da gamoTqmas Soris met-naklebad yvela enas axasiaTebs, misi azriT,

erTaderTi gamosavali aris is, rom es sityva cdispirebs mivawodoT

maTTvis nacnobi enis transklifciiT. es ki umTavresad bgeraTa

msgavsebis da ara identurobis safuZvelze iqneba mosaxerxebeli.

83

zogierTi eqsperimentatori mimarTavda ucnobi enis mcodnis daxmarebas

da ucnobi enis sityvebs akustikurad anda werilobiT da akustikurad

awvdida cdispirebs. am SemTxvevaSi Tavs iCenda axali siZnele, romelic

aranakleb qmediTia. ucxouri metyvelebis bgerebis aRqma Zlier

arazustia da isini v. artemovis miTiTebiT mSobliuri enis bgerTa

sityvebis safuZvelze aRiqmebian.

yvela am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT cxadia, mniSvnelovnad

gaZnelebuli iqneba saxelisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad

SemCneva cdispirebis mier. Cvens mier Catarebuli II eqsperimentis

sityvebis SesarCev cdebSi Sveduri enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, garda

zemoTaRniSnuli siZneleebisa obieqturi Sedegebis misaRebad saWiro

gaxda gamogvericxa sityva _ asociaciebi, romlebic Cvens cdispirebs

eqmnebodaT maTTvis nacnob sxva evropul enebTan. cdis I da II variantis

damuSavebis Sedegad SevarCieT iseTi Sveduri sityvebi, romlebic

cdispirTa umravlesobis mier iqna swored amocnobili, aqedan

gamomdinare maT SeZles daemyarebinaT urTierTSesatyvisoba sityvis

bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris. monacemTa damuSavebis Sedegad

gamoiricxa is sityvebic, romlebic Zalian waagavda igive mniSvnelobis

inglisur da germanul sityvebs. amgvarad, miviReT garkveuli

raodenobiT igive mniSvnelobis sityvawyvili, romelic iaponur-qarTul

sityvawyvilebze Catarebuli cdebisas gamoiyeneboda; Tumca SeirCa 18

Sveduri sityva, oriT naklebi, vidre iaponuri; wina eqsperimentis

analogiurad Sveduri sityvebi cdispirebs eZleodaT ekvivalenturi da

araekvivalenturi qarTuli mniSvnelobebiT (IeqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli

S. tsurusa da h. frisis meTodis mixedviT).

cdis aRwera:

cdebi Sedgeboda sami seriisagan, TiToeuli seria tardeboda

cdispirTa erTi da igive jgufebze or variantad (I da II varianti),

TiToeul variantSi dakavebulni iyvnen sxvadasxva cdispirebi. cdispirTa

am or jgufs Soris Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebi sxvadasxvanairad

nawildeboda. is Sveduri sityvebi, romlebic I variantis cdispirTa

84

jgufebs eZleodaT ekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT, II variantიs cdispirTa

jgufebs is _ araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT miewodebodaT da piriqiT.

I variantisaTvis SerCeuli iyo sul 18 sityva, sadac 9 Svedur

sityvas 9 Sesatyvisi qarTuli, xolo danarCen 9 Svedur sityvas 9

qarTuli araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis sityva hqonda miwerili.

II variantSi cdispirebs eZleodaT analogiurad mxolod 18 Sveduri

sityva, sadac 9 Svedur sityvas 9 Sesatyvisi qartuli sityva, xolo

danarCen 9 Svedur sityvas 9 araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis qartuli sityva

Seesabameboda.

cdispirebis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos orive variantis Sedarebis

gziT xdeboda monacemTa analizi. Cveni hipoTezis Sesaxeb, anu ramdenad

mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris

urTierTSesatyvisoba maTi daxsomebis da daswavlis procesze. CvenTvis

gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyo gagverkvia meore enis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi imave skolis, imave asakis moswavleebi xasiaTdebodnen Tu

ara erTgvari interindividualuri konstantobiT sityvis grZnobis

unaris mixedviT.

cdis masala:

I varianti

1. fogeli _ Citi

2. qrig _ omi

3. sioT _ mware

4. besq _ tkbili

5. smuTsing _ WuWyiani

6. ven _ megobari

7. hord _ magari

8. masq-Wia

9. viT _ Savi

10. ren _ sufTa

11. miuq _ rbili

12. nera _ Sors

13. dum _ Wkviani

85

14. svarT _ TeTri

15. vas _ maxvili

16. sned _ swori

17. berioma _ Zageba

18. snabi _ neli

II varianti

fogeli _ Wia

qrig _ mSvidoba

sioT _ tkbili

besq _ mware

smuTring _ sufTa

ven _ mteri

hord _ rbili

masq-Citi

viT _ TeTri

ren _ WuWyiani

miuq _ magari

nera _ axlos

dum _ suleli

svarT _ Savi

vas _ blagvi

sned _ mrudi

berioma _ qeba

snabi _ Cqari

monawileebi:

I seria

kvlevaSi monawileobda 160 cdispiri, aqedan I asakobriv jgufSi (9-12

weli) iyo 80 cdispiri, II asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 weli) _ 80 cdispiri.

cdebi tardeboda Tbilisis 165-e da 23-e sajaro skolebis IV _ XI

klasis moswavleebTan

86

II _ III seria

II _ III seriebi tardeboda cdispirTa erTsa da imave raodenobaze

160-160 cdispirze, xolo asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT cdispirebi

aseTnairad nawildebodnen II _ III seriaSi cal-calke 9-12 wlis 80 _ 80

cdispiri, 13-16 wlis 80 _ 80 cdispiri.

II _ III seria

II _ III seriebi tardeboda cdispirTa erTsa da imave raodenobaze

160-160 cdispirze, xolo asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT cdispirebi

aseTnairad nawildebodnen II _ III seriaSi cal-calke 9-12 wlis 80 _ 80

cdispiri, 13-16 wlis 80 _ 80 cdispiri.

procedura:

cdebi yovel asakobriv jgufSi tardeboda analogiuri wesiT.

cdispirebs eZleodaT Semdegi instruqciebi:

I seria:

`qvemoT warmodgenilia qarTuli da Sveduri sityvebis wyvili.

TiToeul Svedur sityvas swored es qarTuli sityva Seesatyviseba. Tqven

gevalebaT daimaxsovroT es sityvawyvilebi. dasamaxsovreblad geZlevaT

mxolod 10 wuTi, ris Semdegac dagirigdebaT axali furclebi mxolod

Sveduri sityvebis CamonaTvaliT. Tqveni movaleobaa miaweroT am Svedur

sityvebs Sesatyvisi qarTuli mniSvnelobebi. anketis Sevsebis

xangrZlivobaa maqsimum 10 wuTi~.

II-III seria

meore seria tardeboda ori Tvis Semdeg igive cdispirebze, igive

masaliT or variantad. cdispirebs eZleodaT meore instruqcia: `Tqven

dagirigdebaT anketebi mxolod Sveduri sityvebiT da gevalebaT

aRadginoT maTi Sesatyvisi qarTuli mniSvnelobebi. mofiqrebisaTvis

geZlevaT maqsimum 10 wuTi. SeecadeT gaixsenoT rac SeiZleba meti

raodenoba am sityvebisa~.

87

samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg cdispirebs CamoerTmeodaT namuSevrebi

da eZleodaT ukve mesamed erTxel gadakiTxvis uflebiT Svedur-qarTuli

sityvawyvilebiT anketebi xelaxali gaxsenebisTvis.

(III seria) mesame instruqcia

`gasaxseneblad dagirigdebaT anketebi TqvenTvis kargad nacnobi

Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebiT, erTxel gadakiTxvis uflebiT~. amis

Semdeg cdispirebs CamoerTmeodaT furclebi da eZleodaT xelaxali

anketebi wyvilis mesamed aRdgenis mizniT.

II eqsperimentis Sedegebis ganxilva

miRebuli monacemebi damuSavda analogiurad, I eqsperimentisa SPSS-is

saSualebiT, monacemTa damuSavebisas gamoyenebul iqna saSualoTa

Sedarebis meTodi damoukidebeli jgufebisaTvis (Independent Sample Test) da

Sewyvilebuli jgufebisaTvis (aired Sample Test).

ganvixiloT cdis samive seriis Sedegebi calk-calke.

cdis I seriaSi Cven mier miwodebuli 18 Svedur-qarTuli

sityvawyvilebidan 10-wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg Sesatyvisi mniSvne-

lobebiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenoba iyo M=7,7.

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis ki M=7,2 (ix.

diagrama 3)


aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT (Sveduri ena)

5,6

4,9

2,1

1,1

7,7

7,2

Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


III seria

II seria

I seria

88

cdis I seriaSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas

swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba mcirediT aRemateba

araSesatyvisad miwodebuli sityvawyvilebis raodenobas. es gansxvaveba

statistikurad mniSvnelovani ar aris sig=0.136 p<0.05 (ix. cxrili # 7).

ცხრილi #7.

Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas aRdgenebis Sedareba

seriebis mixedviT t Sig. (2-tailed)

I seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba -


1,497 ,136

II seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba -


2,945 ,004

III seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba -


1,625 ,106

Tu TiToeuli Cvens mier pirobiTad SerCeul asakobriv jgufSi

SevadarebT Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad miwodebisas erTidaigive

sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo mniSvnelobas, vnaxavT rom igive tendencia

gvaqvs, rac miviReT mTel jgufSi da rac I eqsperimentSi gvqonda; pirvel

seriaSi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT Sveduri

sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobas

Soris sxvaoba ar iyo mniSvnelovani arc I asakobriv jgufSi (9-12 wlis)

sig=0.469 p<0.05 da arc II asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) sig=0.08 p<0.05

ცხრილი №8 Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas

aRdgenebis Sedareba TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi, seriebis mixedviT t

Sig. (2-

tailed)

I seria 9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba ,728 ,469

13-16 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,006 ,08

II seria 9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 2,120 ,037


III seria 9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 3,148 ,002


89

axdens Tu ara gavlenas asaki swored aRdgenis raodenobaze, anu

SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT, rom 9-12 wlis da 13-16 wlis moswavleebi

erTnairad aRadgenen sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs? diagrama # 4-ze Cans is

gansxvaveba, riTac ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebi aRemateba

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas sworad aRdgenis saSualo

raodenobis mixedviT umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebis

maCvenebels. Muf=7.3; Mumc=7.0; xolo Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT

mowodebisas aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba umcros asakobriv jgufSi

odnav aRemateba ufros jgufs Muf=7.7; Mumc=7.8.


aRdgenebis saSualo Sedareba asakis mixedviT TiToeul seriaSi (Sveduri ena)

5,3

4,1

1,9

1,0

7,8

7,0

6,0

5,6

2,2

1,2

7,7

7,3

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodeba

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodeba

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodeba

III ser

iaII s

eria

I ser

ia

sworad aRdgenili sityvebis

saSualo raodenoba


statistikurad sando gansxvaveba I seriis vercerT asakobriv jgufSi

ver miviReT swori aRdgenebis raodenobis mixedviT, rogorc Sesatyvis,

ise araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze (ix. cxrili #9).

90

cxrili #9

asakobrivi jgufebis Sedareba swori aRdgenebis raodenobas Soris

sxvaobis mixedviT t

Sig. (2-

tailed)

I seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba 0,297 0,767


II seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba 0,068 0,946


III seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba 0,955 0,341


axdens Tu ara gavlenas sqesi swored aRdgenebis raodenobaze anu

aris Tu ara gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi? cxr. # 10-dan vnaxulobT,

rom gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT gogonebTan

da biWebTan umniSvneloa. Mean(gogo)=3.87; Mean(biWi)=3.86. Sesatyvisi

miwodebisas, xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas

Mean(gogo)=3.74; Mean(biWi)=3.40. rogorc gogonebTan, iseve biWebTan

Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba metia,

vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba.

cxrili #10. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas

swored aRdgenebis saSualoTa Sedareba sqesis mixedviT TiToeul seriaSi.

sqesi Mean

I seria


gogo 3,87


gogo 3,74

II seria


gogo ,87

araSesatyvisi miwodebabiWi ,50

gogo ,56

III seria


gogo 3,03


gogo 2,69

91

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba ar aRmoCnda orive sqesis

Sedarebisas, rogorc Sesatyvisi iseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT (ix.

cxr. # 11).

cx.11 orive sqesis Sedareba rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

Independent Samples Testt-test for Equality of Means

t Sig. (2-tailed)

I seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,047 ,96

araSesatyvisi miwodeba -1,194 ,23

II seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba -0,238 ,81


III seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba -1,454 ,15


II seria

cdis II seriaSi Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis xelaxali

reproduqcia moxda zustad 1 Tvis Semdeg, gameorebis gareSe. aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis raodenoba, msgavsad I eqsperimentisa, aqac gacilebiT

naklebi iyo, vidre cdis I seriaSi; Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvebis

aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba MSes=2.1; xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

aRdgenilisityvebis raodenoba MaraS=1.1. gansxvaveba cdis II seriaSi

Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris

statistikurad mniSvnelovania. sig=0.004 p<0.05. es monacemebi miRebulia

moswavleTa mTel raodenobaze (ix. cxrili # 7).



asakobriv jgufSi (9-12 wlis) es gansxvaveba tolia sig=0.037 p<0.05, II

asakobriv jgufSi (13-16 wlis) sig=0.004 p<0.05 (ix. cxrili # 8).

miuxedavad imisa, rom iaponuri enis gamoyenebiT cdis pirebi ufro

meti raodenobiT aRadgenen sityvawyvilebs, vidre Sveduri enis

gamoyenebiT, statistikuri gansxvavebis TvalsazrisiT II seriaSi

SeiniSneba erTi da igive tendenciebi. anu Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT

92

miwodebisas sityvawyvilebs ufro xSirad aRadgens orive asakobrivi

jgufi, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas.

sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT am seriaSi igive vitTareba

gvaqvs, rogorc I seriaSi. Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT

aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba ufro metia II asakobriv jgufSi

vidre I asakobriv jgufSi.

I asakobriv jgufSi araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo

mniSvneloba MaraS=1.0, xolo Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo

mniSvneloba MSes=1.9.

II asakobriv jgufSi araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo

mniSvneloba MaraS=1.2, xolo Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis SemTxvevaSi MSes=2.2 (ix. diagrama # 4).

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba II seriaSi jgufebs Soris calk-

calke, rogorc Sesatyvisad, aseve araSesatyvisad aRdgenili sityvebis

SemTxvevaSi ver miviReT. Sesatyvisad miwodebisas sig=0.946 p<0.05;

araSesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig=0.45 p<0.05 (ix. cxrili. # 9).


sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba umniSvneloa.

Sesatyvisad aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba biWebTan M=0.82; gogonebTan

M=0.87.

araSesatyvisad aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba biWebTan M=0.5,

gogonebTan M=0.56. rogorc vxedavT, miuxedavad imisa, rom raodenobrivad

rogorc Sesatyvis, aseve araSesatyvis sityvawyvilebis aRdgenebs Soris

sxvaoba umniSvneloa, orive sqesis SemTxvevaSi, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis saSualo maCvenebeli metia, vidre araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis saSualo maCvenebeli. (ix.cxrili. # 10).

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba ar aRmoCnda arc am seriaSi, orive

sqesis Sedarebisas aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris, rogorc Sesatyvisi,

aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT (ix.cxrili. # 11).

III seria


erTxel, xelaxali gadakiTxvis ufleba hqondaT. III seria tardeboda II

93

seriis dasrulebisTanave (cdispirebi Svedur sityvebs aRadgendnen

mesamejer).



aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis saSualo mniSvneloba ufro metia

M=5,6 vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi M=4,9

(diagrama 3).

maT Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ar aris sig=0.106 p<0.05

(ix.cxrili 7). gansxvaveba asakobrivi jgufebis SigniT Sesatyvisad da

araSesatyvisad aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad sando

aRmoCnda umcros asakobriv jgufSi sig=0.002 p<0.05. xolo ufros

asakobriv jgufSi, iseve rogorc moswavleTa mTel raodenobasTan,

statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda sig=0.212 p<0.05 (ix.cxrili 8).

ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi ufro meti raodenobis

sityvebs aRadgenen vidre umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi,

rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT. am mxriv igive

viTarebaa rasac adgili hqonda cdis I da II seriebSi.

I asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebTan, araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

aRdgenili siytvawyvilebis saSualo raodenoba MaraS=5,6 xolo

Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT MSes=6,0. (ix.diagrama 4).

statistikurad sando gansxvavebas orive asakobriv jgufs Soris,

cdis III seriaSi, Sesatyvisad, aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi ver viRebT MSes=0.341.

araSesatyvisad niwodebis SemTxvevaSi ki jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba

statistikurad sandoa MaraS=0.028 (ix. cxrili.#9).


sityvawyvilebis saSualo raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba statistikurad

sandoa ,xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas sig=0.04 p<0.05;

Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebs Soris gansxvaveba ki

statistikurad sando ar aris sig=0.15 p<0.05.

da bolos, seriebis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad

mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda, Sveduri sityvebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSic,

iseve rogorc I eqsperimentSi – iaponuri sityvebiT, yvelgan – pirvelsa

94

da meore serias Soris sig=0.000 p<0.05, meoresa da mesame serias Soris

sig=0.000 p<0.05 da pirvelsa da mesame serias Soris sig=0.000 p<0.05

(ix.cxrili 12).

cxrili #12.seriebis Sedareba

T sig.

pirveli da meore seria 27,244 ,000

meore da mesame seria -19,216 ,000

pirveli da mesame seria 8,691 ,000

II eqsperimentis Sedegebis analizi

II eqsperimentis dasrulebis Semdeg SeiZleba iTqvas, rom or enaze

Svedursa da iaponur enaze erTi da imave meTodiT da erTsa da imave

moswavleebTan Catarebuli cdebis Sedegebi daaxloebiT erTnairia.

erTnairia is tendenciebic, romlebic am ori eqsperimentis Sedegad

gamoikveTa seriebis mixedviT:

I seriis Sedegebi

cdis I seriaSi 10-wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg Sesatyvisi da

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili Svedur – qarTuli

sityvawyvilebis procentuli raodenoba daaxloebiT erTnairia.

Sesabamisad, maT Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ar aris, rac

imeorebs I eqsperimentis I seriis Sedegebs, yvela cdispiris monacemebis

gaTvaliswinebiT. ( ix. cxrili # 7).

instruqciis Tanaxmad cdispirebisaTvis cdis am etapze erTveba

xanmokle mexsiereba, romlis marTvis strategiaa gameoreba da

informaciis dauyovnebliv amoReba – aRdgena. cdispirebi meore enis

gamoyenebis pirobebSic imave unarebs avlenen da erTnairi warmatebiT

95

euflebian Svedur – qarTul sityvebs, rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT.

cdis es Sedegebi SeiZleba aixsnas ara Sesatyvisoba –

araSesatyvisobis principiT, aramed instruqciis Sesabamisi mexsierebis

strategiiT. cdispirebi anxorcieleben instruqcias da ar eswreba

bgeraTa kompleqsis saxelsadeb SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis

SemuSaveba.

amrigad cdis I seriaSi Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom sityvis

bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba aadvilebs maT

Soris kavSiris damyarebas ar dasturdeba.

Cven mier aRniSnul movlenaze, anu instruqciis Sesrulebis

efeqturobaze asakobrivi faqtori ar axdens gavlenas. TiToeuli

asakobrivi jgufis SigniT. gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebze umniSvneloa. (ix. cxrili # 8).

.am daskvnas aZlierebs monacemebi, romlebic miviReT asakobrivi

jgufebis Sedarebisas calk – calke swori aRdgenebis mixedviT, rogorc

Sesatyvis aseve araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze. maT Soris gansxvaveba

statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda (ix. cxrili 9).

gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli sityvawyvilebis aRdgenisas,

statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda, anu xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis

pirobebSi Sveduri enis gamoyenebiT, iseve rogorc wina eqsperimentSi

kognituri procesebi gogonebTan da biWebTan erTnairad mimdinareobs.

II seriis Sedegebi

II eqsperimentis seriebs Soris erTTviani intervalis Semdeg,

sityvawyvilebis xelaxali aRdgenis Sedegad gairkva, rom Sesatyvisi

mniSvnelobis mqone Sveduri sityvebis aRdgena ufro meti raodenobiT

xdeba, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis sityvebisa. gansxvaveba

Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul Svedur – qarTul

sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad sandoa. (ix. cxrili 8). rac

imeorebs wina eqsperimentis II seriis daskvnebs, kerZod imis Sesaxeb, rom

sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba

96

aadvilebs maT Soris kavSiris damyarebas da daxsomebis simtkicezec

axdens gavlenas.

II eqsperimentis II seriis Sedegebi imeorebs I eqsperimentis II seriis

sxva daskvnebsac, kerZod:

a) saxeldeba ar aris SemTxveviTi procesi da mas kanonzomieri

xasiaTi aqvs, rac Sesatyvisi mniSvenlobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis

upiratesobaSi vlindeba;

cdis II seriaSi masalis xelaxali reproduqcia xangrZlivi

mexsierebis aqtivizirebas axdens, rac Svedur – qarTuli sityvawyvilebis

saxeldebis efeqtiT aRdgenis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SigniT, iseve rogorc cdispirTa mTel


sityvawyvilebze gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa, rac savaraudod

saxeldebis procesis dasrulebaze metyvelebs (ix. cxrili 8). orive

asakobrivi jgufis Sedarebisas cal-calke, Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT, sworad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT

gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ver miviReT. es Sedegi gvafiqrebinebs,

rom orive asakobriv jgufSi garkveuli periodis gavlis Semdeg,

cnobierebis gareSe mimdinare procesebi identuria.

gansxvaveba genderul jgufebSi, rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebis aRdgenas Soris

statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda. anu xangrZlivi mexsierebis

strategiis gamoyenebisas, iseve rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis

gamoyenebisas gogonebsa da biWebs Soris kognituri procesebi

praqtikulad erTnairad mimdinareobs (ix. cxrili 11).

cdis am seriaSi msgavsad I eqsperimentisa dadastuda Cveni winaswari

hipoTeza, rom Sesatyvisoba aris stimuli, (praimi), romelsac SeiZleba

gavlena hqondes mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgens

mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors. cdis II seria implicituri

mexsierebis muSaobis process warmoadgens, romelic praimangis saxiT

vlindeba. implicituri mexsierebis SemTxvevaSi subieqtis mier

daswavlili masalis faqti ar cnobierdeba, magram mis mexsierebaSi jer

kidev rCeba da subieqtis aqtivobas garkveuli mimarTulebiT warmarTavs.

97

amrigad, rogorc aRmoCnda daswavlili informaciis gamoyenebisas

sityvebis aRdgenis Sedegs ganapirobebs cnobierebis anu ganzraxvis

monawileobis kontroli. saxeldebis procesis dasrulebisaTvis mexsie-

rebis am formas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba.

III seriis Sedegebi

cdis III seriaSi, roca masalis reproduqcia moxda mesamed, erTi

Tvis Semdeg, erTi gameorebis uflebiT, aRmoCnda rom cdispirebi Svedur

– qarTuli sityvawyvilebis daswavlas da aRdgenas axdendnen sakmaod

didi raodenobiT II seriasTan SedarebiT da ufro mcired I seriasTan

SedarebiT. cdis III seriaSi miRebuli Sedegebi mnemur aspeqtSi iZleva

mexsierebis orive formis mixedviT, rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis, aseve


seriaSi aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba ufro metia, vidre II seriaSi.

gansxvaveba Svedur-qarTuli sityvawyvilebis Sesatyvis da

araSesatyvis mniSvnelobaTa Soris statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda

cdispirTa mTel erTobliobasTan. (ix. cxrili 7). rogorc Cans

cdispirebi axdenen mxolod axlaxans aRqmulis reproduqcias da am

mokle drois ganmavlobaSi ar eswreba bgeraTa kompleqsis saxelsadebi

Sinaarsis Sesabamisi ganwyobis SemuSaveba.

asakobriv jgufebSi gansxvaveba Sesatyvis da araSesatyvis

mniSvnelobebs Soris statikurad sandoa 9-12wlamde, xolo 13-16wlamde

asakobriv jgufSi is, rogorc cdispirTa mTel raodenobasTan stati-

stikurad sando ar aris.

aRniSnuli kriteriumebis mixedviT gansxvaveba gogonebsa da biWebs

Soris statistikurad sandoa, mxolod araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas. (ix. cxrili #11).

Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, iseve rogorc cdis I seriaSi ar

dadasturda. Tumca gansxvavebiT I seriisgan umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis

cdispirebma SeZles sityvawyvilebis aRdgena Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT.

moswavleTa mTel erTobliobasTan cdis es saerTo Sedegi SeiZleba

aixsnas mexsierebis TaviseburebebiT, romelic garkveul zemoqmedebas

axdens saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze. kerZod, cdis III seriaSi,

98

rodesac Cven cdispirebs masalis erTxel gameorebis ufleba miveciT,

amiT faqtiurad implicituri mexsierebis sakvlevi eqsperimenti (II seria)

davabinZureT eqsplicituri mexsierebis zegavleniT, ramac ganapiroba

cdis Sedegis Secvla da masalis aRdgena ganxorcielda cdispirebis

mier eqsplicituri gziT.

seriebis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSvnelovani

aRmoCnda yvela SemTxvevaSi msgavsad I eqsperimentisa, rac kidev erTxel

amtkicebs mexsierebis sxvadasxva formis gansxvavebulad moqmedebis

SesaZleblobas saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze (ix. cxrili 12).

enebis Sedareba

rogorc Cvens mier Catarebuli eqsperimentidan aRmoCnda, infor-

macias, romelsac qarTul enaze molaparake cdispirebi iReben ucnobi

enis sityvebis bgeriTi mxaridan erTgvari interindividualuri

konstantobiT xasiaTdeba. cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis aseTi

maRali xarisxi orive enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi miuTiTebs imaze, rom

maTi arCevani emyareba raRac iseTs, romelic cdispirebisaTvis

SemTxvevaTa did umravlesobaSi erTnairad misawvdomia. igi ar aris

ganpirobebuli am bgeraTa kompleqsiT gamowveuli asociaciebiT da

saerTod enis Sualobis SedegiT. savaraudod, es aris yvela enaSi

impliciturad Cadebuli fenomeni romelic vlindeba, rogorc

,,koleqtiuri gamocdilebis’’ amsaxveli monacemi.

saxelisa da mniSvnelobis Sesatyvisoba, ris safuZvelzec cdispirebi

axerxeben ucnobi enis sityvaTa amocnobas, aseve specifikuri aRmoCnda am

sityvebis saxeldebis procesisaTvis garkveuli periodis gasvlis Semdeg.

a. bainduraSvili mraval sxvadasxva erovnebis (monolingvist)

cdispirebTan Catarebuli eqsperimentis Sedegad mivida daskvnemde, rom

enebs Soris gansxvaveba Cveni sakvlevi hipoTezis mixedviT ar arsebobs,

da rom Sesatyvisobis gavlena yvela cdispirisaTvis met-naklebad

99

erTnairad vlindeba. zemoTnaTqvamidan gamomdinare Cndeba kidev erTi

kiTxva, Tu ratom xdeba xolme, rom sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT gansxvavebul Sedegebs sworad amocnobil

sityvaTa raodenobis mixedviT miuxedavad imisa, rom cdebSi gamoyenebuli

yvela ucxo enis SemTxvevaSi sworad amocnobili da daxsomebuli ucxo

enis sityvebi, SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli odenobis farglebs

scildeba.

qarTuli da iaponuri enis msgavseba savsebiT gamoricxulia. Cveni

cdispirebisTvis ucnobi iyo Sveduri enac. Sveduri sityvebis

moswavleTaTvis nacnob inglisur da germanul enebTan msgavsebis

gamoricxvis Semdeg SeirCa I eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli iaponuris

ekvivalenturi mxolod 18 Sveduri sityva.

imis gamo, rom I eqsperimentSi gamoyenebuli iyo 20 iaponuri sityva,

xolo II eqsperimentSi 18 Sveduri sityva, maTi aRdgenis saSualo

raodenobis erTmaneTTan Sedarebis mizniT, saWiro gaxda am monacemebis

standartizacia, ris Semdegac movaxdineT Sedarebebi.

rogorc # 5 diagramidan Cans, cdis samive seriaSi, romelic orive

enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi identurad tardeboda, igive tendenciebi

gamoikveTa: yvela seriaSi sworad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebi ufro didi

raodenobiT miviReT Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT, xolo enebis Sedarebisas

aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT, orive komponentis

gaTvaliswinebiT, iaponuri enis sityvebi ufro meti aRmoCnda.

amrigad,enaTa Sedarebis Sedegad, varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom sityvis

bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba warmoadgens

adamianis individualur-fsiqologiur maxasiaTebels dadasturda.

sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi erTidaigive cdispirebi iCenen

erTsa da imave unarebs. ,,saxelis funqciis matareblad gancda ar unda

iyos asociaciebiT da enis SualobiT ganpirobebuli, amaze miuTiTebs

sxvadasxva enebze molaparake da sxvadasxva kulturis donis mqone

cdispirTa mier warmoebuli saxeldebis cdebis Sedegebis damTxvevis

maRali xarisxi~ (a.bainduraSvili. 1971w).

iaponuri enis sityvebis raodenobrivad aRdgenis upiratesoba

SvedurTan SedarebiT SeiZleba aixsnas mexsierebis TaviseburebebiT,

100

romelic garkveul zemoqmedebas axdens saxeldebis procesis

mimdinareobaze.SesaZlo asociaciebi nacnob enasTan amcirebs

sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis mnemur efeqts, magram ver cvlis saxeldebis

cdebis ZiriTad tendenciebs. Cveni eqsperimenti swored saxeldebis

cdebSi mexsierebis monawileobis garkvevas gulisxmobs.

diagrama #5.iaponuri da Sveduri enebis Sedareba

3,1

2,7

1,2

0,6

4,3

4,0

4,8

4,1

2,6

1,7

5,7

5,3

Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


III ser

ia

II s

eria

I ser

ia

iaponuri ena

gansxvaveba enebs Soris seriebis mixedviT miviReT I da III seriis

cdebSi. yvelgan erTnairi sig=0.000 p<0,05. xolo cdis II seriaSi es

gansxvaveba araSesatyvisi mowodebiT tolia sig=0.021 p<0,05, Sesatyvisi

mowodebisas sig=0.015 p<0,05. e.i. cdis samive seriaSi gansxvaveba rogorc

Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul

sityvebs Soris, orive enis Sedarebisas statistikurad sandoa.

(ix.cxrili 13).

101

cxrili #13.Sveduri da iaponuri enis Sedareba seriebis mixedviT

Sveduri da iaponuri enis Sedareba T sig.

I seria

araSesatyvisi miwodeba 5,998 ,000

Sesatyvisi miwodeba 6,139 ,000

II seria



III seria



3.3. III eqsperimenti-sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris


kvleva Sveduri enis sityvebze-bavSvTa saxlebSi

mocemul etapze ganxorcielebuli eqsperimentis mizans msgavsad wina

eqsperimentebisa, warmoadgenda, gvekvlia sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da

mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis wvdomis unari, rogorc

mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtori imave meTodiT, imave asakobrivi

jgufis cdispirebze arasocializirebuli garemodan, bavSvTa saxlebSi.

Cven SevecadeT gagverkvia axdenda Tu ara gavlenas sityvawyvilebis

urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis da aRdgenis unarze socialuri faqtori,

ra mniSvnelobas iZenda kognituri gamocdileba sxvadasxva asakobrivi

jgufis cdispirebisaTvis bavSvTa saxlebSi Cveulebriv skolebTan

SedarebiT.

naTqvamidan gamomdinare mizanSewonilad migvaCnia kvlevis

gagrZeleba imave meTodiT, romelime ucxo enaze (Cvens SemTxvevaSi

Svedur enaze), imave asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebTan (9 - 12 wlis da 13

- 16 wlis), dabali da saSualo socialuri fenidan.

102

kvlevebi Catarda q. Tbilisis ramodenime bavSvTa saxlSi da


1. TiToeuli seriisaTvis zemoT aRniSnul or cvlads Soris

(sityvawyvilebi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT) arsebuli

damokidebulebebis dadgena;

2. seriebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena;

3. mexsierebis sxvadasxva formis muSaobis specifikis gamovlena

saxeldebis cdebSi, socialuri faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

4. asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena da maTi SedarebiTi

analizi;

5. skolebis Sedareba Sveduri enis gamoyenebiT (Cveulebrivi skola

da bavSvTa saxlebi).

kvlevis meTodis daxasiaTeba

kvlevis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad analogiurad wina

eqsperimentisa SevarCieT S. tsurusa da h. frisis eqsperimentebSi gamoye-

nebuli iaponuri sityvebis ekvivalenti - Sveduri enis sityvebi, romle-

bic SeirCa garkveuli proceduris dacviT da isini dawvrilebiT aris

warmodgenili II eqsperimentSi.

cdis aRwera:

cdebi Sedgeboda sami seriisagan. TiToeuli seria tardeboda

cdispirTa erTsa da imave jgufze or variantad (I da II varianti).

TiToeul variantSi dakavebuli iyvnen sxvadasxva cdispirebi. cdispirTa

am or jgufs Soris Svedur - qarTuli sityvawyvilebi sxvadasxvanairad

nawildeboda. is Sveduri sityvebi, romlebic I variantis cdispirTa

jgufebs eZleodaT ekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT, II variantis cdispirTa

jgufebs - araekvivalenturi mniSvnelobiT miewodebodaT da piriqiT.

I variantisTvis SerCeuli iyo 18 sityva, sadac 9 Svedur sityvas 9

Sesatyvisi qarTuli, xolo danarCen 9 Svedur sityvas 9 araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobis mqone qarTuli sityva hqonda miwerili.

II variantSi cdispirebs eZleodaT analogiurad mxolod 18 sityva,

sadac 9 Svedur sityvas 9 Sesatyvisi qarTuli sityva, xolo danarCen 9

Svedur sityvas 9 araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobis qarTuli sityva

Seesabameboda.

103

orive variantSi Svedur - qarTuli sityvawyvilebis SerCeva xdeboda

analogiurad.

monawileebi:

radgan cdispirebi sakmaod didi raodenobiT iyo saWiro, amitom Cven

davukavSirdiT ramodenime bavSvTa saxls, romelTa muSaobis reJimi da

pirobebi iyo gansxvavebuli, xolo CvenTvis saWiro kvlevis kontigenti

SedarebiT erTgvarovani.

kvlevaSi monawileobas iRebdnen `momavlis skolis~, `beRurebis~,

`diRmis bavSvTa saxlis~, `bavSvTa socialuri adaptaciis centris~ da

`karitasis~ bavSvTa saxlebis aRsazrdelebi, sul 168 cdispiri.

I seriaSi monawileobda 168 cdispiri.

aqedan I asakobriv jgufSi (9 - 12 wl) monawileobda 87 cdispiri

II asakobriv jgufSi (13 - 16 wl) - 81 cdispiri.

II - III seriebi tardeboda cdispirTa erTsa da imave raodenobaze.

sul 167 cdispiri. aqedan I asakobriv jgufSi - 86 cdispiri, xolo II

asakobriv jgufSi - 81 cdispiri.

cdis masala da instruqciebi cdispirebs eZleodaT analogiurad,

rogorc es iyo aRwerili II eqsperimentSi.

eqsperimentis Sedegebis ganxilva

miRebuli monacemebi damuSavda statistikuri programis SPSS - is

saSualebiT, monacemTa damuSavebisas gamoyenebuli iqna saSualoTa

Sedarebis meTodi damoukidebeli jgufebisaTvis ( Indipendent Sample T test)

da Sewyvilebuli jgufebisaTvis (Paired Sample T test).

ganvixiloT cdis samive seriis Sedegebi calk - calke.

Iseria.

cdis I seriaSi Cvens mier miwodebuli Svedur - qarTuli 18 sityva-

wyvilidan 10 - wuTiani daswavlis Semdeg, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobebiT

aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba iyo M = 10.5, araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebisTvis ki M = 9.5. (ix. diagrama

#6).

104

diagrama #6 Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas swored

aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT (Sveduri ena, bavSvTa skola)

10,1

9,8

3,2

1,8

10,5

9,5

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodeba

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodeba

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodebaIII ser

iaII s

eria

I ser

ia

rogorc vxedavT I seriaSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis

miwodebisas sworad aRdgenebis saSualo raodenoba mcirediT aRemateba

araSesatyvisad miwodebuli sityvawyvilebis raodenobas, es gansxvaveba

statistikurad mniSvnelovani ar aris. sig = 0,98 p<0,05 (ix cxrili #14)

cxrili #14

Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

miwodebisas swori aRdgenebis Sedareba seriebis mixedviTt

Sig. (2-

tailed)

I

seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 0,614 0,38

II

seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 3,021 0.002

III

seriaSesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 0,096 0,46

Tu TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi SevadarebT Sesatyvisad da

araSesatyvisad miwodebisas erTi da igive sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo

mniSvnelobas, vnaxavT rom igive tendencia gvaqvs, rac miviReT mTel

105

jgufSi. pirvel seriaSi Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobas

Soris sxvaoba ar iyo statistikurad mniSvnelovani, anu daaxloebiT

erTnairad aRadgendnen I asakobriv jgufSi sig = 0,087 p<0,05 da II

asakobriv jgufSi sig = 0,062 p<0,05 (ix. cxrili #15)

cxrili #15

Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad miwodebisas aRdgenebis Sedareba

TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi, seriebis mixedviTt Sig. (2-tailed)

I seria9-12 Sesatyvisi miwodeba - araSesatyvisi miwodeba 1,866 0,087


II seria



III seria



axdens Tu ara gavlenas asaki sworad aRdgenis raodenobaze, anu

SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT, rom 9 - 12 wlis da 13 - 16 wlis bavSvTa saxlis

moswavleebi erTnairad aRadgenen sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs. diagramidan

#7

106

diagrama #7 - Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas swored

aRdgenebis saSualo Sedareba asakis mixedviT TiToeul seriaSi (Sveduri ena, bavSvTa saxli)

9,9

9,4

2,4

0,8

8,8

7,5

10,2

9,9

3,9

2,9

12,0

11,4

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodeba

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodeba

Sesatyvisi

miwodeba

araSesatyvisi

miwodeba

III ser

ia

II ser

ia

I ser

ia

sworad aRdgenili sityvebis

saSualo raodenoba


Cans is gansxvaveba, riTac ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebi

aRemateba rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

miwodebisas swored aRdgenebis saSualo raodenobis mixedviT, umcrosi

asakobrivi jgufis moswavleebs. MM uf = 11,4 , M umc = 7,5 araSesatyvisi

miwodebisas, xolo M uf = 12,0 da M umc = 8,8 Sesatyvisi miwodebis

SemTxvevaSi. es monacemebi gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleTa

maCveneblebisagan igive saSualo mniSvnelobebiT, sadac asakobriv

jgufebs Soris Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

sityvawyvilebis miwodebisas, swored aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris

107

gansxvaveba iyo umniSvnelo, xolo Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

miwodebisas ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebi mcirediT

Camouvardeboda umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis monacemebs.

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba miviReT asakobrivi jgufebis

Sedarebisas swori aRdgenebis mixedviT, rogorc Sesatyvis ise

araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze. (ix. cxrili #16)

cxrili#16

II seria

cdis II seriaSi Svedur - qarTuli sityvawyvilebis reproduqcia

moxda zustad 1 Tvis Semdeg ganmeorebis gareSe. aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis raodenoba gacilebiT naklebi iyo, vidre cdis I seriaSi.

Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvebis aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba M Ses =

3,2 , xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvebis raodenoba M

araSes = 1,8. (ix. diagrama #6) gansxvaveba cdis II seriaSi Sesatyvisad da

araSesatyvisad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad

mniSvnelovania. sig = 0,002 p<0,05 . es monacemebi gamoTvlilia bavSvTa

saxlebis yvela aRsazrdelis raodenobis mixedviT. (ix. cxrili #14).

asakobrivi jgufebis Sedareba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvneloboT, swori aRdgenebis raodenobis mixedviT t

Sig. (2-tailed)

I seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba

3,564 0,001araSesatyvisi miwodeba

4,485 0.000II seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba

3,903 0.000araSesatyvisi miwodeba

3,914 0.000III seria Sesatyvisi miwodeba

1,24 0,217araSesatyvisi miwodeba

1,863 0,065

108



asakobriv jgufSi es gansxvaveba tolia sig = 0,002 p<0,05, II asakobriv

jgufSi sig = 0,000 p<0,05 .

sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT am seriebSi igive viTareba

gvaqvs, rac I seriaSi gvqonda. rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba ufro metia II

asakobriv jgufSi, vidre I asakobriv jgufSi. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

aRdgenisas I asakobriv jgufSi Mean =2,4 , xolo araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT Mean = 0,8. II asakobriv jgufSi Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

aRdgenis saSualo mniSvneloba Mean = 3,9 , xolo araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT Mean = 2,9. (ix. diagrama #7).

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba miviReT jgufebs Soris, rogorc

Sesatyvisad aseve araSesatyvisad aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi, rac mas

ganasxvavebs Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleTa igive maCveneblisagan. (ix.

cxrili 16)

III seria


erTxel xelaxali gadakiTxvis ufleba hqondaT. III seria tardeboda II

seriis dasrulebisTanave (cdispirebi Svedur sityvebs aRadgendnen

mesamejer).



aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis saSualo mniSvneloba ufro

metia, M =10,1 vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi M

= 9,8. (ix. diagrama #6).

maT Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sando ar aris sig = 0,46 p<0,05

(ix. cxrili #14). gansxvaveba asakobrivi jgufebis SigniT Sesatyvisad da

araSesatyvisad aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris statistikurad sandoa.

ufros asakobriv jgufebSi sig = 0,000 p<0,05 , xolo umcros asakobriv

jgufSi statistikurad sando ar aris sig = 0,252 p< 0,05. (ix. cxrili # 15)

109

ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi ufro meti raodenobiT

sityvebs aRadgenen, vidre umcrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebi,rogorc

Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT. am mxriv igive viTarebaa,

rasac adgili hqonda Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleebis SemTxvevaSi da am

eqsperimentis sxva seriebSi.

I asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebTan araSesatyvisi sityvawyvilebis

aRdgenis saSualo raodenoba M = 9,4. Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba M = 9,9. II asakobrivi jgufis

Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis saSualo

mniSvneloba M = 10,2 , xolo araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT M = 9,9. (ix.

diagrama #7).

statistikurad sando gansxvaveba III seriaSi jgufebs Soris, rogorc

Sesatyvisad, aseve araSesatyvisad aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi ver miviReT. (ix.

cxrili 16). Sesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig = 0,217 p<0,05;

araSesatyvisad miwodebis SemTxvevaSi sig = 0,065 p<0,05.

da bolos seriebis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad

mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda pirvelsa da meore serias Soris sig = 0,000 p<0,05;

aseve meoresa da mesame seriis Sedegebs Soris sig = 0,00 p<0,05 , xolo

pirvelsa da mesame seriis Sedegebs Soris statistikurad sando

gansxvaveba ver miviReT sig = 0,488 p<0,05. (ix. cxrili #17)

cxrili #17 seriebis Sedareba

T sig.

pirveli da meore seria

19,78

0

,000

meore da mesame seria

18,19

9

,000

pirveli da mesame seria 0,695 ,488

110

EEEEEeqsperimentis Sedegebis analizi

cdis I seriis Sedegebis analizisas aRmoCnda, rom Cveni cdispirebi

bavSvTa saxlebidan erTnairi warmatebiT imaxsovrebdnen, rogorc

Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebs.

amrigad, rodesac I seriaSi instruqcia cdispirebisagan moiTxovda

masalas aRdgenas mokle vadaSi, savaraudod instruqciis Sesrulebis

procesSi CarTuli iyo xanmokle mexsierebis strategia da ara

Sesatyvisoba- araSesatyvisobis principi. amitom Cveni winaswari hipoTeza

iseve rogorc wina eqsperimentebSi, rom sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da

mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisoba mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens

nebismier procesze. ar vrceldeba moklevadiani reproduqciis dros

bavSvTa saxlebSi aRzrdil cdispirebzec.

Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze, anu sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da

mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze asakobrivi faqtori

ar axdens gavlenas, gansxvaveba TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SigniT,

Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT aRdgenil sityvawyvilebze

umniSvneloa. (ix. cxrili #15).

rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli

sityvebis aRdgenas saSualo raodenoba ufros asakobriv jgufSi ufro

metia, vidre umcros asakobriv jgufSi.

III eqsperimentSi asakobriv jgufebs Soris vlindeba statistikurad

sando gansxvaveba swored aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenobis

mixedviT, rogorc Sesatyvis aseve araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze. (ix.

cxrili #16).

amrigad bavSvTa saxlebSi, asakobrivi faqtoris roli daswavlis

procesSi ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda, vidre Cveulebriv skolebSi da

es Sedegi gvafiqrebinebs, rom am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vilaparakoT

mxolod mexsierebis marTvis procesze swavlebis dros da im upira-

tesobaze, romelic aqvs ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis cdispirebs

umcrosebTan SedarebiT kognituri gamocdilebis mixedviT bavSvTa

saxlebSi.

111

socialuri faqtori, Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze ar axdens

gavlenas, magram mis fonze ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba kognituri

gamocdileba bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebisaTvis, rac ufrosi asakobrivi

jgufis upiratesobaSi vlindeba.

II seriis Sedegebi

cdis II seriaSi erTTviani intervalis Semdeg Sesatyvisi

mniSvnelobis mqone Sveduri sityvebis aRdgena ufro didi raodenobiT

xdeba, vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT rac statistikurad sandoa.

sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis

SemTxvevaSi vlindeba mnemeri efeqti.

cdis es Sedegebi cdispirebisTvis bavSvTa saxlidan sruliad

identuria. I da II eqsperimentis II seriis cdis Sedegebisa. am SemTxve-

vaSic Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom saxeldeba ar aris SemTxveviTi

procesi da masSi monawileobs pirveladi ganwyoba, romelic sxva

enobrivi kulturis wevrebisTvisac msgavsia dasturdeba. (ix. cxrili 14).

TiToeuli asakobrivi jgufis SigniT, iseve rogorc cdispirTa mTel


sityvawyvilebze gansxvaveba statistikurad sandoa, rac savaraudod

saxeldebis procesis dasrulebaze metyvelebs.

Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom Sesatyvisoba aris stimuli, romelsac

SeiZleba gavlena hqondes mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da

warmoadgens mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors dadasturda.

amrigad, cdis II seria implicituri mexsierebis muSaobis process

warmoadgens, romelic bavSvTa saxlebSi aRzrdil cdispirebisTvisac

identurad mimdinareobs.

rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebuli

sityvebis aRdgenis procentuli raodenoba ufros asakobriv jgufSi

ufro metia, vidre umcros asakobriv jgufSi. gansxvavebiT Cveulebrivi

skolebis cdispirTa monacemebisgan es sxvaoba statistikurad sandoa.

(ix. cxrili #16)

rac imeorebs III eqsperimentis I seriis Sedegs, kerZod imis Sesaxeb,

rom socialuri faqtori marTalia sakvlev hipoTezaze ver axdens

112

gavlenas, magram mis fonze ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba kognituri

gamocdileba bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebisTvis, rac ufrosi asakobrivi

jgufisaTvis kognituri gamocdilebis upiratesobaSi vlindeba.

III seriis Sedegebi

cdis III seriaSi, roca masalis reproduqcia moxda mesamed, erTi

Tvis Semdeg, erTi gameorebis uflebiT, cdispirebi Svedur - qarTuli

sityvawyvilebis daswavlas axdendnen ufro didi raodenobiT II

seriasTan SedarebiT da mciredi sxvaobiT I seriasTan SedarebiT.

gansxvaveba Svedur - qarTul sityvawyvilebs Soris Sesatyvisi da

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebisas, statistikurad sando ar

aRmoCnda, rac analogiuri Sedegia I da II eqsperimentis III seriisa.

asakobriv jgufebSi gansxvaveba Sesatyvis da araSesatyvis

mniSvnelobebs Soris statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda arc erT

asakobriv jgufSi. (ix. cxrili # 15).

seriebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSvnelovania pirveli da

meore seriebis da meore da mesame seriebis Sedarebisas. xolo pirveli

da mesame seriis Sedegebs Soris gansxvaveba ar aris sando. es Sedegi mas

ganasxvavebs orive wina eqsperimentisgan, sadac gansxvaveba seriebs Soris

yvela SemTxvevaSi statistikurad mniSvnelovania.

3.4. Cveulebrivi skolebis da bavSvTa saxlebis cdispirTa

monacemebis Sedareba

sakvlevi hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad, anu imis gasarkvevad axdens Tu

ara Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze, sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da misi

mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisad miRwevis unarze gavlenas socialuri

garemo, Sedarebuli iqna Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleebisa da bavSvTa

saxlebis aRsazrdelebis monacemebi, sadac eqsperimentis mimdinareoba da

sakvlevi ena iyo erTi da igive.

aRniSnuli kriteriumebis mixedviT aRmoCnda, rom cdispirTa mTel

raodenobasTan cdis samive seriaSi, bavSvTa saxlebSi miRebuli

monacemebi ufro metia vidre Ceulebriv skolebSi (ix. diagrama #8).

113

diagrama #8- skolebis Sedareba

5,6

4,9

2,1

1,1

7,7

7,2

10,1

9,8

3,2

1,8

10,5

9,5

Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


III ser

iaII s

eria

I ser

ia

Sveduri ena (bavSvTa skola) Sveduri ena (Cveulebrivi skola)

xolo statistikurad sando gansxvaveba maT Soris miviReT mxolod I

da III seriebSi. I seriaSi gansxvaveba araSesatyvisad da Sesatyvisad

miwodebul sityvawyvilebze Cveulebriv da bavSvTa saxlis moswavleebis

Sedegebs Soris tolia sig = 0,000 p<0,05 , III seriaSi - sig = 0,000 p<0,05 ,

xolo meore seriaSi rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebze gansxvaveba skolebs Soris

sando ar aris. sig Ses = 0,126 p<0,05 , sig araSes = 0,214 p<0,05

114

cxrili 18 orive skolis Sedareba rogorc Sesatyvisi aseve araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT.

T sig.

I seria



II seria



III seria



Cveulebrivi da bavSvTa saxlebis moswavleebis mier swored

aRdgenili sityvebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT asakobriv

jgufebSi aseve gansxvavebulia. orive asakobriv jgufSi, bavSvTa

saxlebSi moswavleebis mier swored aRdgenil sityvaTa saSualo

raodenoba ufro metia, vidre Cveulebriv skolebSi. (ix. diagrama #9,

#10).

diagrama #9 –Cveulebrivi da bavSTa saxlebis moswavleebis mier swored

aRdgenili sityvebis saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT (Sveduri ena, 9-12 wlamde

asakobrivi jgufi)

5,3

4,1

1,9

1,0

7,8

7,0

9,9

9,4

2,4

0,8

8,8

7,5

Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


III ser

iaII s

eria

I ser

ia

9-12 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi

bavSvTa saxli Cveulebrivi skola

115

diagrama #10–Cveulebrivi da bavSTa saxlebis moswavleebis mier swored aRdgenili sityvebis

saSualo raodenoba seriebis mixedviT (Sveduri ena, 13-16 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi)

6,0

5,6

2,2

1,2

7,7

7,3

10,2

9,9

3,9

2,9

12

11,4

Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


Sesatyvisi miwodeba


III ser

ia

II ser

ia

I ser

ia

13-16 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi

bavSvTa skola Cveulebrivi saxli

umcros asakobriv jgufSi gansxvaveba Sesatyvisad da araSesatyvisad

miwodebul sityvawyvilebze calk - calke Cveulebriv da bavSvTa saxlis

moswavleebis Sedegebs Soris cdis I da II seriaSi statistikurad sando

ar aRmoCnda. I seriaSi sig araSes = 0,256 p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,123 p<0,05.

cdis II seriaSi sig araSes = 0,526 p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,311 p<0,05.

cdis III seriaSi gansxvavebiT wina seriebisagan, gansxvaveba skolebs

Soris statistikurad sandoa. sig araSes = 0,000 p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,000

p<0,05

116

cxrili#19

Sveduri ena, 9-12 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi,

Cveulebrivi da bavSTa saxlebis Sedareba T sig.

I seria



II seria



III seria



ufros asakobriv jgufSi, Cveulebriv da bavSvTa saxlebis

moswavleebis mier, swored aRdgenili sityvebis saSualo raodenobas

Soris sxvaoba, rogorc Sesatyvis aseve araSesatyvis mniSvnelobebze

warmodgenilia #20 cxrilSi. sadac samive seriaSi gansxvaveba

araSesatyvisad da Sesatyvisad miwodebul sityvawyvilebze calk - calke

skolebs Soris statistikurad sandoa. cdis I seriaSi - sig araSes = 0,000

p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,028 p<0,05 ; cdis II seriaSi - sig araSes = 0,028 p<0,05 ;

sig Ses = 0,024 p<0,05. cdis III seriaSi ki analogiurad iseve rogorc wina

seriebSi gansxvaveba skolebs Soris statistikurad sandoa sig araSes =

0,000 p<0,05 ; sig Ses = 0,000 p<0,005.

cxrili #20

Sveduri ena, 13-16 wlamde asakobrivi jgufi,

Cveulebrivi da bavSTa saxlebis Sedareba T sig.

I seria



II seria



III seria



117

eqsperimentis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom:

Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze, socialuri faqtori ar axdens

gavlenas, cdis samive seriaSi romelic masalis aRdgenis sxvadasxva

pirobebSi ayenebda cdispirebs, orive skolis moswavleTa SedegebSi erTi

da igive tendenciebi gamovlinda, kerZod:

1. cdis I seriaSi Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom sityvis bgeriT

mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba gavlenas axdens

mnemur procesebze ar dadasturda. arc Cveulebrivi skolis da arc

bavSvTa saxlebSi aRzrdil cdispirebze.

2. cdis II seriaSi, Cveni winaswari hipoTeza, rom saxeldeba ar aris

SemTxveviTi procesi da mas kanonzomieri xasiaTi aqvs dadasturda. orive

skolis monacemebiT gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebze statistikurad mniSvnelovania.

cdis es seria gansxvavebiT cdis I da III seriebisagan implicituri

mexsierebis muSaobis Sedegs warmoadgens da mexsierebis aracnobier

formebTan aris dakavSirebuli. saxeldebis procesis dasrulebisaTvis

mexsierebis am formas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba. II seriis cdebSi

skolebis Sedarebisas, moswavleTa mTel erTobliobasTan gansxvaveba ar

gvaqvs, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom cnobierebis monawileobis gareSe

mimdinare procesebi absoluturad identuria. cdis am Sedegebs

ganamtkicebs agreTve mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom implicituri

mexsierebis testebisaTvis yuradRebis ganawilebas mniSvneloba ar aqvs.

rac bavSvTa saxlis monacemebs maqsimalurad aaxlovebs Cveulebrivi

skolis cdispirTa monacemebTan.

3. cdis III seriaSi iseve, rogorc cdis I seriaSi Cveni winaswari

hipoTeza ar dadasturda. gameorebaTa simciris gamo, rogorc Cans

cdispirebi axdenen mxolod axlaxans aRqmulis reproduqcias da am

mokle drois ganmavlobaSi bgeraTa kompleqsis saxeldebi Sinaarsis

funqciis matareblad gancdis ganwyoba maT ar eqmnebaT.

4. I da III seriis cdebSi gansxvaveba sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis

procesSi Cveulebrivi da bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebs Soris dadasturda.

es Sedegi xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis gansxvavebulad moqmedebis

118

SesaZleblobas adasturebs. Cveulebrivi skolisa da bavSvTa saxlis

moswavleebze.

5. bavSvTa saxlebSi cdispirTa ukeTesi Sedegebi (aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT), cdis samive seriaSi SeiZleba

aixsnas warmatebis miRwevis motiviT, rac gansakuTrebiT kargad

gamoixata bavSvTa saxlebis aRsazrdelebis gamonaTqvamebSi da

saqcielSi.

6. Cveulebrivi da bavSvTa saxlebis moswavleebis mier swored

aRdgenili sityvebis saSualo raodenoba yvela seriis mixedviT ufros

asakobriv jgufSi ufro maRalia, rac savaraudod gvafiqrebinebs, rom

ufros asakobriv jgufis moswavleebs, asakobrivi kognituri

gamocdileba saSualebas aZlevs ufro efeqturad warmarTon daxsomebis

procesi.

7. rogorc avRniSneT, socialuri faqtori Cvens mier sakvlev

hipoTezaze ar axdens gavlenas, magram mis fonze ufro mniSvnelovani

xdeba kognituri gamocdileba bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebisaTvis, rac

ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis upiratesobaSi vlindeba. 13 - 16 wlamde

asakobriv jgufSi, skolebs Soris sxvaoba samive seriaSi mniSvnelovania

bavSvTa saxlebis upiratesobiT. (ix. cxrili 20).

119

Tavi IV Sedegebis mimoxilva

4.1. mexsierebis klasifikacia aRdgenis maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

tulvingis mexsierebis irarqiuli modelis mixedviT.

rogorc aRvniSneT, Cveni eqsperimentis mizans warmoadgenda sityvis

bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc

mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris kvleva. Cven SevecadeT gagverkvia

mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis gavlena saxeldebis procesis

mimdinareobaze. gamovTqviT varaudebi, romlebic mexsierebis specifiur,

gansakuTrebul rols warmoaCenda saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze.

rogorc aRmoCnda, sityvawyvilebis daxsomebisa da aRdgenis

procesSi xanmokle da xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategiiT aRqmuli

sityvawyvilebis daxsomebis xarisxi da Cvens cdebSi gamovlenili

saxeldebis efeqti iyo gansxvavebuli. erT SemTxvevaSi saxeldebis

procesi dasrulda (xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategia) xolo sxva

SemTxvevaSi (xanmokle mexsierebis strategia) bgeriTi mxaris saxelsadeb

SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis ganwyobis SemuSaveba ar moxerxda. gansxvaveba

xanmokle da xangrZliv mexsierebas Soris droiTi da sivrciTi

maxasiaTeblebiT xdeboda. Tu xanmokle mexsierebis aucilebeli pirobaa

aRqmuli informaciis dauyonebliv aRdgena, xangrZlivi mexsierebisaTvis

arsebiTia masalis aRqmasa da aRdgenas Soris faruli periodis

arseboba. Cvens eqsperimentebSi gamovlenili Sedegebis asaxsnelad

mexsierebis orive formas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. cdis

pirvel seriaSi cdispirebi miwodebuli masalis SeCerebas da Senaxvas

gameorebis saSualebiT (uSualo mexsiereba) axdendnen, xolo masalis

Semdgomi gadamuSavebis procesSi CarTul iyo muSa mexsiereba

(`centraluri aRmasruleblis~ saSualebiT) romelic gansazRvravda

qcevis momdevno nabijs, ra efeqtiT unda aReqvaT cdispirebs

daxsomebuli informacia. amocanis gadasawyvetad arCeuli strategia, rom

masala iyos daxsomebuli da aRdgenili, 10 wuTis Semdeg ganxorcielda,

magram imis gamo, rom muSa mexsierebas simultanurad miwodebuli

amocanebis gadawyvetis unari (aRadginos sityvawyvilebi da aRadginos

sityvawyvilebi Sesatyvisobi efeqtiT) SezRuduli aqvs, is ver axerxebs

120

erTdroulad ramodenime gadawyvetilebis gamotanas da am ori

davalebidan ganaxorcielebs pirvels, aRadgens sityvawyvilebs

Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT.

Cveni eqsperimentis cdis II seriaSi sityvawyvilebis aRdgena, swored

droiTi intervalis Semdeg (1 Tvis Semdeg) ganxorcielda. aRmoCnda, rom

faruli periodis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi cdispirebi sityvawyvilebs

aRadgendnen saxeldebis efeqtiT.

savaraudod, cdis es Sedegi davukavSireT mexsierebis aracnobier

formebs, romelic mexsierebis Tanamedrove klasifikaciis sqemiT

miCneulia, rogorc implicituri mexsireba, Sesatyvisobis efeqti ki

rogorc praimingis efeqti.

mexsierebis formebis klasifikaciis axali varianti SemogvTavaza

tulvingma 1985 wels. (Tulving 1985, 1986, 1987 & Schachter 1990) man

xangrZlivi mexsierebis ori forma gamoyo _ sementikuri mexsiereba da

epizoduri mexsiereba, xolo 1990 wels kidev erTi forma _

proceduruli mexsiereba gamoiyo. kohenma da skvaierma (Scuire al.., 1990)

epizoduri da sementikuri mexsiereba deklaraciuli mexsierebis cnebis

qveS gaaerTianes, xolo procedurul mexsierebas ki mexsierebis yvela

aracnobieri forma miakuTvnes, maT Soris klasikuri, operantul-

ganpirobebuleba da implicituri mexsierebac. (praimingi) mexsierebis

formebis dawvrilebiTi aRwera warmodgenilia d. farjanaZis wignSi

,,mexsierebis fsiqologia.’’ mexsierebis is formebi, romlebic aqtiurad

arian CarTulni Cveni cdis procesSi da Sedegebis asaxsnelad arsebiTi

mniSvneloba eniWebaT. warmodgenilia qvemoT.

121

Tanamedrove kognitur fsiqologiaSi mwvave debatebis sagania

mexsierebis klasifikaciaSi implicituri mexsierebisaTvis adgilis

miCena. situacias arTulebs is faqtic, rom mkvlevarebi bolomde ver

Tanxmdebian Tu mexsierebis romeli gamovlinebebi miakuTvnon

implicituri mexsierebis da romeli eqsplicituri mexsierebis formebs.

rogorc cnobilia mexsiereba moicavs kodirebis, Senaxvis da aRdgenis

procesebs, TiToeuls Tavisi Taviseburebebi da kanonzomierebebi

axasiaTebs.

Cveni eqsperimentis Sedegebis Semdgomi mimoxilvis mizniT, CvenTvis

saintereso iqneba gavecnoT, implicituri mexsierebis adgils mexsierebis

zogad klasifikaciaSi. eqsplicitur _ implicituri mexsierebis

disociacia informaciis gansxvavebulad aRdgenis principebs

iTvaliswinebs. aRdgena, gavrcelebuli SexedulebiT SeiZleba iyos

cnobieri, ganzraxviT marTuli da aracnobieri, avtomaturi, uneblie.

swored aRdgenis xasiaTis mixedviT xdeba mexsierebis eqsplicitur da

implicitur formebad dayofa. (ix. cxrili #21 )

122

Tu SevxedavT tulvingis mexsierebis ierarqiul models, romelSic

mexsierebis klsifikacia aris warmodgenili aRdgenis maxasiaTeblebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, naTlad davinaxavT, Tu ra igulisxmeba aRdgenis

Taviseburebebis qveS.

implicituri da eqsplicituri mexsierebebis kvlevis daswavlis

etapi msgavsia, gansxvavebulia testirebis etapze gamoyenebuli

davalebebis instruqciebi; eqsplicituri mexsierebis Sefasebisas cdis

monawileebs moeTxovebaT daswavlis etapze damaxsovrebuli (ar aqvs

mniSvneloba nebismieri Tu uneblied) masalis (aseve ara aqvs

mniSvneloba, ra modalobis masala iyo) cnobieri, ganzrax gaxseneba,

xolo implicituri mexsierebis Sefasebisas cdis monawileebi ubralod

asruleben davalebas (raime problemis gadaWra, romelic moiTxovs

winaswar daswavlili informaciis gamoyenebas) daswavlas etapze

damaxsovrebul informaciaze mimniSnebeli instruqciis gareSe.

tulvingis cxrilSi cal-calke ganxilulia mexsierebis sxvadasxva

maxasiaTeblebi. TiToeuli maTgani daxasiaTebulia ZiriTadi cnebebis

qvesistemebis da aRdgenis formis saxiT. am SemTxvevaSi cxrilSi

warmodgenil mexsierebis formebs aRdgenis niSnis mixedviT

davaxasiaTebT.

proceduruli mexsiereba safuZvlad udevs qceviTi da kognituri

Cvevebis formirebas, romelTa gamoyenebac ganzraxvis, cnobierebis

monawileobis gareSe xdeba. aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT mexsierebis es forma

implicituria, radgan individisagan ar moiTxovs problemis

gadasaWrelad warsuli gamocdilebis cnobier, ganzrax gamoyenebas.

perceptuli reprezentaciis sistema, an igive praimingi warmoadgens

perceptuli daswavlis specifikur formas, romelic vlindeba

obieqtebis, rogorc struqturuli fizikur-perceptuli mTlianobis

identifikaciaSi. cnobieri aRdgenis gareSe (Schacter 1987) erTxel aRqmuli

obieqtis identifikacia misi xelmeored aRqmis dros gaadvilebulia

swored perceptuli reprezentaciis sistemis arsebobis gamo. mexsierebis

es formac aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT implicituria.

123

semantikuri mexsiereba faqtobrivi informaciis SeZenisa da Senaxvis

SesaZleblobas iZleva; am informaciis struqturul reprezentacias

warmoadgens samyaros Sesaxeb semantikuri codna.

semantikuri mexsiereba tulvingis azriT aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT

implicituria, radgan ar moiTxovs informaciis mogonebisas misi

daswavlisa Tu SeZenis momentis gacnobierebisas.

pirveladi mexsiereba, anu xanmokle mexsiereba, igive muSa mexsiereba

aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT eqsplicituria. igi axdens garedan Semosuli

informaciis registracias da ESenaxvas aRqmidan drois mcire periodis

manZilze.

mexsierebis es forma aucileblad moiTxovs eqsplicituri

mexsierebis gamoyenebas, informaciis eqsplicitur, cnobier aRdgenas.

epizoduri mexsiereba, _ iseve rogorc muSa mexsiereba aRdgenis

TvalsazrisiT eqsplicituria. is personalur mexsierebas da

avtobiografiul mexsierebasac warmoadgens. misi mTavari maxasiaTeblebia

droSi lokalizacia da me-s indeqsi.

amrigad implicituri mexsiereba eqsplicituri mexsierebisagan

gansxvavdeba gaxsenebis, anu aRdgenis meqanizmebiT.

mexsierebis am formebis gavlena daswavlil masalis aRdgenis

meqanizmze, aisaxa Cvens eqsperimentSic gansxvavebulad seriebis mixedviT.

cdis I seriaSi, roca cdispirebisagan moiTxovdnen sityvawyvilebis

daswavlis da Semdeg masalis dauyonebliv aRdgenas ganzrax cnobieri

gaxsenebis moTxovniT, cdispirebma ganaxorcieles sityvawyvilebis

aRdgena eqsplicituri gziT. Sesabamisad, Cveni sakvlevi hipoTeza, cdis

am etapze ar ganxorcielda, radgan cdispirebisaTvis instruqciis

Sesruleba aRmoCnda gadamwyveti faqtori, rac savaraudod niSnavs imas,

rom instruqciis Sesrulebis procesSi CarTuli iyo xanmokle

mexsierebis strategia da ara Sesatyvisoba _ araSesatyvisobis principi.

cdis II seriaSi daswavlis etapze (Iseria) dasamaxsovrebel

informaciaze mimniSnebeli instruqciis gareSe (1 Tviani intervalis

Semdeg), cdispirebma sityvawyvilebis aRdgena ganaxorcieles

Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT. saxeldebis cdebisaTvis, saxeldebis efeqtiT

sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis procesSi mexsierebis am formas gadamwyveti

124

mniSvneloba eniWeba. Cveni winaswari varaudi, rom Sesatyvisoba aris

stimuli (praimi), romelsac SeiZleba gavlena hqondes mexsierebidan

masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgens mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtors

dadasturda. praimingis procesze semantikur mexsierebaSi qvemoT geqneba

saubari, romelic dagvexmareba ufro detalurad warmovidginoT misi

efeqti saxelddebis cdebSi.

cdis III seriaSi miRebuli Sedegebi mnemur aspeqtSi iZleva

mexsierebis orive formis mixedviT, rogorc xanmokle mexsierebis aseve


seriaSi aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba ufro metia, vidre cdis II

seriaSi. radgan cdis III seriaSi cdispirebis masalis aRdgenis erTxel

ganmeorebis saSualeba miveciT amiT Cven faqtiurad implicituri

mexsierebis sakvlevi eqsperimenti davabinZureT eqsplicituri mexsierebis

zegavleniT, ramac ganapiroba cdis Sedegis Secvla da masalis aRdgena

ganxorcielda eqsplicituri gziT. Tumca III seriis Sedegebi aRdgenis

formis mixedviT eqsplicituria, is implicituri mnemuri procesebis

Taviseburebebsac amJRavnebs.

kerZod, erTxel aRqmuli obieqtis identifikacia misi xelmeored

aRqmis dros gaadvilebulia swored perceptuli reprezentaciis

(perceptuli praimingi) sistemis arsebobis gamo, romelic aRdgenis

TvalsazrisiT implicituri da proceduruli mexsierebis Semadgeneli

nawils warmoadgens. III seriaSi aRgenili sityvawyvilebis didi

raodenoba II seriasTan SedarebiT SeiZleba avxsnaT gaadvilebuli aRqmis

SesaZleblobiT.

aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom xangrZlivi mexsierebis formebis

dayofisas zogierTi mkvlevari mag.: sqvaieri ar iziarebs tulvingis

mosazrebas semantikuri mexsierebis implicituri bunebis Sesaxeb da mas

eqsplicituri mexsierebis formad miiCnevs (squire 1987) mocemuli sakiTxi

jer kidev ganxilvis Temas warmoadgens.

Cveni eqsperimentis Sedegebi swored sqvaieris am mosazrebis

sasargeblod metyvelebs, radgan cdis III seriaSi vlindeba mexsierebis

am ori formis eqsplicituris da implicituris mixedviT Semajamebeli

efeqti. roca Cvens mier eqsplicituri zegavlena xelmeored iqna

125

gamoyenebuli misi gamovlinebis sufTa efeqtTan mainc ar gvqonda saqme,

moxda eqsplicituri da implicituri strategiebis aRreva. amrigad,

mexsierebis orive formis Sesafaseblad SesaZlebelia erTi da igive

davalebis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva instruqciebiT.

4.2. semantikuri praimingis gamovlinebis Sesaxeb saxeldebis cdebSi

implicitur mexsierebis formebis klasifikacia, aseve,

SesaZlebelia maTi Sesafasebuli davalebebis tipis mixedviT. aqedan

gamomdinare, nawilobriv, implicituri mexsierebis klasifiakaciad

SeiZleba miCneul iqnes mexsierebis mocemuli formis dayofa

perceptual, konceptualur da procedurul praimingad. (T.WinWarauli

2008)

amrigad, implicituri mexsiereba eqsplicituri mexsierebisagan

gansxvavdeba gaxsenebis, anu aRdgenis meqanizmebiT. adamianis mier

cxovrebis manZilze daswavlil informaciis gamoyeneba gaxsenebis,

ganzraxvis, drois, sivrcisa da me-s indeqsis mikuTvnebis gareSe.

SeiZleba implicituri mexsierebis gamovlinebad CaiTvalos. problemuri

situaciis maxasiaTeblebis (perceptiuli, konceptualuri Tu proce-

duruli) mixedviT ki SesaZlebelia visaubroT implicituri mexsierebis

konkretul formebze.

Cveni eqsperimentis Sedegebi, implicituri mexsierebis semantikuri

anu sxva cnebiT konceptualuri praimingis SesaZlo gamovlinebis

formaze metyvelebs.

j. totma Tavis statiaSi `mexsierebis aracnobieri formebi~

warmoadgina implicituri mexsierebis Seswavlis manZilze gamoyenebuli

yvela testi.

CvenTvis sainteresoa, konceptualuri testebi, romlebic

damokidebulia konceptualuri da ara zedapiruli maxasiaTeblis

cvlilebebze.

konceptualur testebSi mexsierebas aRdgenisas moiTxoven iseT


damakavSirebeli kiTxvebi, mimniSneblebs, romlebic mniSvnelobis

126

gaTvaliswinebas emyarebian. saxelebis kanonzomieri bunebis amsaxvel

yvela eqsperimentSi, swored cnobierebaSi mocemuli Sinaarsis

Taviseburebas iTvaliswineben, radgan cdispirTa umravlesoba mocemul

bgeraTa kompleqss Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi ganwyobiT aRiqvams.

sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra mimarTavs cdispirebs am arCevanisaken,

cnobierebis miRma rCeba. am Sedegis Sesaxeb d. uznaZe da a.

bainduraSvili Tavis cnobil SromebSi miuTiTebdnen da isini

saxeldebis safuZvels ganwyobis TeoriiT xsnidnen, magram am dinamiuri

procesis marTvis meqanizmi auxsneli rCeba. ganwyobis gavlena

sityvawyvilebis Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT aRdgenis faqtze ueWvelia, magram

cdebSi gamovlenili Sedegis anu sityvis bgeriT mxares da mniSvnelobas

Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis safuZvelis axsnisas, vfiqrobT, aseve

gasaTvaliswinebelia instruqciis xasiaTi, cdispiris ganzraxva da sityva

stimulebis monawileoba, romlebic sityvebis aRdgenis Sedegs

ganapirobeben.

Cveni eqsperimentis II seriaSi gamovlenili Sedegebis asaxsnelad

vfiqrobT sainteeso iqneba praimingis Temas SevexoT semantikur, an sxva

cnebiT konceptualur mexsierebaSi. m. aSkrafti (m.aSkrafti 1994) Tavis

wignSi yuradRebas amaxvilebs praimingze semantikur mexsierebaSi.HMHHHH

praimingi aris stimuli an stimulis nawili, romelsac SeiZleba

hqondes gavlena mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze; stimuls, romelic

ufro adre iyo miwodebuli SeiZleba gavlena hqondes Semdgom

procesebze da mas praimi ewodeba. xolo stimuls, romelic mosdevs

praimings ewodeba mizani (samizne) ramdenadac is aris praimingis

procesis aqtivaciis savaraudo mizani. amrigad praimi win uZRvis mizans,

xolo mizani praimis gavlenas ganicdis.

zogjer es gavlena Zalian advilad xorcieldeba da praimi swrafad

da advilad àRwevs~ mizans. gadamuSavebaze am dadebiT efeqts

gamartivebas (facilitation) an xelSewyobis (benefits) uwodeben. gamartiveba

TiTqmis yovelTvis aCqarebs mexsierebidan aRdgenis reaqciis dros.

gavlena uaryofiTia, Tu praimi ar aris dakavSirebuli mizanTan da

aqedan gamomdinare mcdari an irlevanturia rodesac praimi aferxebs

127

mizanze zemoqmedebas, am negatiur gavlenas an gadamuSavebis Sekavebas

uwodeben.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, agreTve dro praimingis dawyebasa da mizans

Soris. zog SemTxvevaSi, aSkraftis mixedviT niSan _ log praimsa da mizans

Soris, romelic yovelTvis gamoxatavs CarTuli stimulebis raodenobas,

aris indeqsi praimis miznisagan gamoyofisa. da bolos, CvenTvis

saitereso iqneba kidev erTi mosazrebis ganxilva am statiidan. kerZod,

sityvis mniSvnelobis monawileoba SesaZlebelia Tu ara cnobierad

aRqmis gareSe Semovides anu avtomaturad? markeli (markeli1989-1983)

dadebiTad pasuxobs am kiTxvaze. mis mier Catarebuli cdis aRwera

dagvexmareba ufro detalurad warmovidginoT es procesi. eqsperimentis

mixedviT cdispirebs awvdidnen praims tipiurisagan SedarebiT

gansxvavebuli gziT, saxeldobr praims uSualod mosdevda gadRabnili

vizualuri niSebi. am gadRabnili vizualuri niSebis mizani iyo SeeniRba

praimi. praimis Semdeg am nimuSis prezentacia ise swrafad xdeboda, rom

subieqts arafriT SeeZlo am praimis sityvis cnobieri aRqma. miuxedavad

amisa, relevanturi praimi, kerZod bavSvi advilebda iseTi sityvebis

leqsikur gadawyvetas, rogoricaa `Cvili~. am monacemebis mixedviT

sementikur praimings SiZleba adgili hqondes avtomaturadac cnobieris

monawileobis gareSe. cdispirebi ver acnobiereben rom maT saerTod

aRiqvams praimi.

Tu Cvens eqsperimentSi gamovlenil Sedegebs, savaraudod

daukavSirebT aSkraftis mier warmodgenil models praimngze semantikur

mexsierebaSi, aRmoCndeba rom Cvens SemTxvevaSic swored konceptualur,

semantikur praimingis gamovlenasTan gvaqvs saqme.

kerZod, praimi aris Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT warmodgenili

sityvawyvilebi, romlebic win uZRvis mizans (Cvens SemTxvevaSi moTxovnas

aRadginon sityvawyvilebi, Sesatyvisobis efeqtiT) mizani ganicdis

praimis zegavlenas da cdispirebi aRadgenen sityvawyvilebs ufro did

raodenobiT Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT vidre araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

_ yvela seriaSi.

gansxvaveba seriebs Soris, Cveni hipoTezis sasargeblod, swored

mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiebis gansxvavebulad moqmedebis

128

SesaZleblobaze metyvelebs. roca dro praimingis dawyebasa da mizans

Soris aris mcire, gansxvaveba Sesatyvisi da araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT

aRdgenil sityvawyvilebs Soris aris umniSvnelo. xolo roca dro

praimingis dawyebasa da mizans Soris aris xangrZlivi, Tundac es

periodi Sevsebuli iyos sxvadasxva stimulebiT, gansxvaveba am

komponentebs Soris statistikurad sandoa. rogorc damtkicda

saxeldebis efeqtiT sityvebis aRdgenisaTvis mexsierebis am strategias

(xangrZlivi mexsiereba) gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba. xolo aSkraftis

mier mier warodgenili modeli praimingis procesze semantikur

mexsierebaSi, Cveni eqsperimentis SemTxvevaSic misaRebia.

praimis mizanTan dakvSirebis sakiTxi, saxeldebis cdebSi SeiZleba

ganvixiloT ganwyobis moqmedebis gavleniTac. kerZod, Tu praimi swored

aris dakavSirebuli mizanTan, maSin adgili aqvs saxelsadebo Sinaarsis

gancdis safuZvelmdebi ganwyobis asimilaciur moqmedebas, anu praimi

advilad aRwevs mizans (II seria), xolo Tu praimi ar aris dakavSirebuli

mizanTan maSin ganwyobis moqmedebiT ganpirobebul kontrastul efeqtTan

gvaqvs saqme anu praimis mizanze zemoqmedeba Seferxebulia da negatiur

zegavlenas axdens saxeldebis Sedegze.(I seria)

d. uznaZe ganwyobiT ganpirobebuli aseTi efeqtebis aRsaniSnavad

xmarobs termins _ kontrastuli iluzia, anu maSin roca

urTierTzemoqmedebis Sedegad adgili aqvs gancdaSi urTierT-

kontrastuli Sinaarsebis aRmocenebas, magram am SemTxvevaSi is

xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom aq adgili aqvs ara kontrastuli ganwyobis

aRmocenebas, aramed àrsebuli ganwyobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT

gadaxras~, xolo àrsebuli ganwyobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT

gadaxra miT ufro TvalsaCino da aqtualuria, rac mtkice da

garkveulia TviT es ganwyoba, romelic irRveva~ (d. uznaZe 1956. gv.169-170).

ganwyobis moqmedebis kontrastuli efeqti specifiuria ara mxolod

raodenobriv masalaze SemuSavebuli ganwyobis moqmedebisaTvis, aramed

romelobiTi masalis SemTxvevaSic vlindeba, xolo Cvens SemTxvevaSi

sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc

mexsierebis identifikaciis faqtoris kvlevis eqsperimentSi semantikuri

praimingis safuZvlad gvevlineba. aracnobieris monawileobis sakiTxi

129

saxeldebis procesSi aRiarebulia, romelic Tanamedrove kognituri

fsiqologiis warmomadgenelTa mier SeiZleba daxasiaTebul iqnes,

rogorc implicituri mexsiereba, xolo misi ZiriTadi komponentebis

praimis (stimulis) da miznis urTierTdakavSirebis meqanizmis safuZvels

xsnis ganwyobis fsiqologia.

amrigad, roca saxeldebis cdebSi gamovlenili Sedegis, anu sityvis

bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisobis

safuZvelis sakiTxs ganixilaven, eqsperimentul monacemebze dayrdnobiT,

gasaTvaliswinebelia jer erTi mexsierebis marTvis strategia, romelic

ganapirobebs masalis aRdgenas eqsplicituri Tu inplicituri formiT

da meores mxriv, is ganwyoba romelic d. uznaZis Teoriis mixedviT win

uswrebs zogierTi kompleqsis gancdis cnobierebaSi aRmocenebas da

gansazrvravs SinaarsTan misi dakavSirebis safuZvels. Cvens mier sityvis

bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierTSesatyvisobis, rogorc

mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtoris, kvlevis mizniT Catarebuli yvela

eqsperimentSi (I, II, III eqsperimenti) zemoT aRniSnuli meqanizmi erTnairad

vlindeba.

Cveni naSromis empirul nawilSi akmaod detalurad ganvixileT

samive eqsperimentis mimdinareoba da maTi Sedegebi.

aRniSnuli Teoriuli midgomebidan SeiZleba kidev ramodenime

mosazrebis moSvelieba Cveni eqsperimentis Sedegebis asaxsnelad.

rogorc aRvniSneT II eqsperimentSi, Cveni kvlevis mizans

warmoadgenda I eqsperimentis analogiur eqsperimentis Catareba, meore

enis gamoyenebiT, garkveuli mosazrebiT kerZod, Tu ki sityvis bgeriT

mxares da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisoba warmoadgens

adamianis individulur-fsiqologiur maxasiaTebels, maSin erTi da igive

cdispirebi unda iCendnen erTsa da imave unarebs orive enis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi.

Cvens eqsperimentSi es hipoTeza dadasturda, magram enebs Soris

gansxvaveba raodenobrivad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis mixedviT,

gamoikveTa iaponuris upiratesobiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom orive ena

cdispirebisaTvis ucxo iyo, Svedur enaze naTargmni iaponuris

ekvivalenturi bevri sityva, Cveni cdispirebisaTvis nacnob enebTan

130

asocirdeboda. anu iq sadac aris mniSvnelovani msgavseba, xangrZlivi

mexsierebis dros adgili aqvs semantikur interferencias. xangrZlivi

mexsierebis dros daviwyebaze moqmedebs mniSvnelobis mxriv msgavseba (d.

farjanaZe 2008).

Cvens mier dasmuli problema, Tu ratom xdeba, rom sxvadasxva enis

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, gansxvavebul Sedegebs vRebulobT swored

amocnobil sityvaTa raodenobis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa rom cdebSi

gamoyenebuli yvela ucxo enis SemTxvevaSi swored amocnobili da

daxsomebuli ucxo enis sityvebi SemTxveviTobiT mosalodneli odenobis

farglebs scildeba, SeiZleba aixsnas interferencis gamovleniT. enaTa

Soris damTxvevis maRali xarisxi ki mowmobs im faqts, rom saxeldeba ar

aris SemTxveviTi procesi, is kanonzomieri procesia da masSi

monawileobs pirveladi ganwyoba, romelic sxva enobrivi koleqtivis

wevrebisTvisac identuria.

rogorc aRvniSneT, III eqsperimentis Catarebis mizans warmoadgenda

Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze kidev erTi faqtoris, socialuri

faqtoris gavlenis kvleva. rogorc eqsperimentis Sedegad aRmoCnda es

faqtori Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze ar axdens gavlenas, magram mis

fonze ufro aqtualuri xdeba kognituri gamocdileba, romelic ufrosi

asakobrivi jgufis upiratesobaSi vlindeba.

CvenTvis saintereso problema, mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis

gavlena saxeldebis procesze, sxvadasxvanairad vlindeba. kerZod,

xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis SemTxvevaSi cdispirebi Cveulebrivi

skolidan da bavSvTa saxlidan sxvadasxva Sedegebs gviCveneben aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis raodenobis mixedviT, rac statistikurad sandoa.

xolo xangrZlivi mexsierebis SemTxvevaSi, yvelgan erTnairi

viTareba gvaqvs (orive skolaSi da orive asakobriv jgufSi). es Sedegi

kidev erTxel adasturebs im faqts, rom cnobierebis gareSe mimdinare

procesebi yvela cdispirTan erTnairad mimdinareobs.

amrigad, saxeldebis procesSi implicituri mexsierebis

monawileobis sakiTxi ormxriv sainteresoa. erTis mxriv, saxeldebis

safuZvelis garkvevisTvis mas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba, romelsac

SeuZlia naTelyos aracnobier doneze informaciis gadamuSavebis

131

SesaZlebloba. xolo meores mxriv, implicituri mexsierebis gamovlenis,

kerZod semantikuri praimingis, kidev erTi SesaZlo variantia, romelic

adasturebs rom praimingi aadvilebs pasuxs maRali tipiurobis (Cvens

SemTxvevaSi Sesatyvisobis) mqone wyvilTaTvis.

132

daskvna

1.eqsperimentiს gansxvavebuli dizainis safuZvelze, romelic

cdispirebs masalis aRdgenis sxvadasxva pirobebSi ayenebda, gamovlinda

mexsierebis gansxvavebuli strategiis roli saxeldebis procesSi.

2.xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis pirobebSi Cveni winaswari

hipoTeza, rom sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis urTierT-

Sesatyvisoba mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mnemur procesebze ar

dasturdeba. xanmokle mexsiereba anxorcielebs myisier instruqcias da

ar eswreba bgeriTi kompleqsis saxelsadeb SinaarsTan Sesatyvisobis

ganwyobis SemuSaveba bunebrivi gziT.

3.xangrZlivi mexsiereba cdis masalis aRdgenis ufro farTo

SesaZleblobebs iZleva, rac vlindeba mis mier Sesrulebul or SedegSi:

a) sityvawyvilebis saerTo raodenobiT aRdgenaSi; b) Sesatyvisi

mniSvnelobiT sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis efeqturobaSi. cdispirebi

xangrZlivi mexsierebis pirobebSi, Sesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT ufro meti

raodenobiT aRadgenen sityvebs, vidre araSesatvisi mniSvnelobiT.

zemoTaRniSnuli amarTlebs Cvens hipoTezas, rom saxeldeba ar aris

SemTxveviTi procesi, is kanonzomieri procesia da masSi monawileobs

pirveladi ganwyoba, romelic sxva enobrivi koleqtivis nakrebisaTvisac

TiTqmis identuria. Cveni winaswari varaudi dasturdeba, rom

Sesatyvisoba aris stimuli (praimi), romelsac SeiZleba gavlena hqondes

mexsierebidan masalis aRdgenaze da warmoadgendes mexsierebis

intensifikaciis faqtors.

4.saxeldebis kanonzomieri buneba vlindeba mnemur efeqtSi, romelic

swored mexsierebis aracnobier formebTan aris dakavSirebuli.

savaraudod, es aris implicituri mexsiereba. Cvens eqsperimentebSi

miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze SeiZleba vimsjeloT imlicituri

mexsierebis konkretul formaze, kerZod semantikur(konceptualur)

praimingze..

133

5. asaki ar axdens gavlenas sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze, rogorc mexsierebis

intensifikaciis faqtorze. es Sedegi gvafiqrebinebs, rom saTanado

ganwyobis Seqmnis pirobebSi mnemuri efeqti Tanabrad muSaobs normaluri

inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis mqone yvela cdispirze..

6. sityvebis aRdgenis procentuli raodenoba samive eqsperimentSi

ufro maRalia ufros asakobriv jgufSi, vidre umcros asakobriv

jgufSi.

7.gansxvaveba genderul jgufebi, rogorc Sesatyvisi, aseve

araSesatyvisi mniSvnelobiT miwodebul sityvawyvilebis sworad

aRdgenebs Soris ar gamovlinda. xanmokle mexsierebis strategiis

gamoyenebisas iseve, rogorc xangrZlivi mexsierebis strategiis

SemTxvevaSi, gogonebsa da biWebs Soris kognituri procesebi

praqtikulad erTnairad mimdinareobs.

8. kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom sityvis bgeriT mxaresa da

mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTSesatyvisad wvdomis unarze, rogorc

mexsierebis intensifikaciis faqtorze, socialuri garemo gavlenas ar

axdens. bavSvTa saxlebSi vlindeba igive tendenciebi, rasac adgili

hqonda Cveulebrivi sajaro skolis moswavleebTan.

9. bavSvTa saxlebsa da Cveulebriv sajaro skolebSi, gansxvavebul

Sedegebs vRebulobT asakobrivi jgufebis Sedarebisas sworad aRdgenili

sityvawyvilebis raodenobis TvalsazrisiT. rogorc avRniSneT

socialuri faqtori, Cvens mier sakvlev hipoTezaze ar axdens gavlenas,

magram mis fonze ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba kognituri gamocdileba

bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebisTvis da is ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis

upiratesobaSi vlindeba.

sworad aRdgenili sityvawyvilebis raodenoba samive seriaSi ufro

metia bavSvTa saxlis cdispirebTan, vidre Cveulebrivi skolis

moswavleebTan. bavSvTa saxlebSi cdispirTa ukeTesi Sedegebi SeiZleba

aixsnas warmatebis miRwevis motiviT, rac gansakuTrebiT kargad

gamoixata bavSvTa saxlebis aRsazrdelebis gamonaTqvamebSi da

saqcielSi.

134

10.ori enis, iaponuris da Sveduris gamoyenebis safuZvelze, .

cdispirTa monacemebs Soris damTxvevis aseTi maRali xarisxi miuTiTebs

imaze, rom maTi arCevani emyareba raRac iseTs, rac cdispirebisTvis

SemTxvevaTa did umravlesobaSi erTnairad misawvdomia. igi ar aris

ganpirobebuli am bgeraTa kompleqsiT gamowveuli asociaciebiTa da

saerTod enis Sualobis SedegiT. savaraudod, es aris yvela enaSi

impliciturad Cadebuli fenomeni, romelic scildeba individualuri

gamocdilebis farglebs da yvela eqsperimentSi, sxvadasxva lingvisturi

masalis, Tu sxvadasxva situaciuri faqtoris (xanmokle da xangrZlivi

mexsierebis strategiebis) gamoyenebiT, vlindeba, rogorc koleqtiuri

gamocdilebis amsaxveli monacemi.

11.. SvedurTan SedarebiT, iaponuri enis sityvebis raodenobrivad

aRdgenis upiratesoba, SeiZleba aixsnas mexsierebis TaviseburebebiT.

kerZod, SesaZlo asociaciebi Sveduri enisa nacnob ucxo enebTan

(inglisuri, germanuli) amcirebs sityvawyvilebis aRdgenis mnemur efeqts,

magram ver cvlis saxeldebis cdebis ZiriTad tendenciebs. iq sadac aris

mniSvnelovani msgavseba, mexsierebis dros adgili aqvs semantikur

interferencias. Cveni eqsperimenti ki swored saxeldebis cdebSi

mexsierebis monawileobis garkvevas gulisxmobda.

.12. amrigad, saxeldebis cdebSi gamovlenili Sedegis, anu sityvis

bgeriT mxaresa da mniSvnelobas Soris urTierTdakavSirebis safuZvlis

sakiTxis ganxilvisas, gasaTvaliswinebelia jer erTi, mexsierebis

marTvis strategia, romelic ganapirobebs masalis aRdgenas

eqsplicituri an implicituri formiT da meores mxriv is ganwyoba,

romelic d. uznaZis Teoriis mixedviT, win uswrebs bgeraTa kompleqsis

gancdis cnobierebaSi aRmoacenebas da gansazRvravs SinaarsTan misi

dakavSirebis xarisxs.

135

literatura

bainduraSvili a.(1971) – saxeldebis eqsperimentuli fsiqologia.

bainduraSvili a. (1961) _ `romelobiT masalaze Seqmnili ganwyobis

moqmedebis kontrastuli efeqtis sakiTxisaTvis~. Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis Sromebi. t. 97. gv. 235-252.

bainduraSvili a. (1986) _ d. uznaZe saxeldebis eqsperimentuli kvlevis

fuZemdebeli da problemis Tanamedrove mdgomareoba. fsiqologia XVII gv.

9-19.

bainduraSvili a. (1957) _ eqsperimentuli masalebi saxeldebis

problemisaTvis d. uznaZis fsiqologiuri inst. Sr. t. XI. gv. 231-251.

baramiZe n. (1999) _ sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisobis mnemuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb (fsiqologiuri

narkvevebi, werilebi, statiebi).

TevdoraZe s. (2006) _ sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

urTierTSesatyvisoba, rogorc daxsomebis intensifikaciis faqtori.

qarTuli eleqtronuli samecniero Jurnali: pedagogiur mecnierebani.

2005I#2 (7), gv. 3-11.

http://gesj.internet-academy.org.ge/gesj_articles/1143.pdf

TevdoraZe s. (2010) _ mexsierebis sxvadasxva strategiis zegavlena

saxeldebis procesis mimdinareobaze _ ìnteleqti~ #3 (38) 2010w.

TevdoraZe s. (2010) _ saxeldebis sakiTxis safuZvlisaTvis. samecniero

konferenciis masalebi. `globaluri transformacia da saqarTvelo~.

kakiaSvili m. (2010) _ kognituri fsiqologia. gamomcemloba ùniversali~.

naTaZe r. (1977) _ zogadi fsiqologia. Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis gamomcemloba.

ramiSvili d. (1957) _ niSnis problema metyvelebis problemis

TvalsazrisiT. fsiq. t. XI.

sirbilaZe m. (2005) – sityvis bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobis

Sesatyvisobis gancdis, rogorc lingvisturi unaris komponentis

ganviTareba umcros saskolo asakSi. avtoreferati.

uznaZe d. (1947) _ enis Sinaforma. fsiqologia. t. IV.

136

uznaZe d. (1956) _ Sromebi t. 1.

uznaZe d. (1998) _ zogadi fsiqologia t. III-IV. Tbilisi, àRmaSenebeli~.

uznaZe d. (2004) _ ganwyobis fsiqologia. Tbilisi. 2004

farjanaZe d. (2008) _ mexsierebis fsiqologia. Tbilisi. 2008.

farjanaZe d. (2007) _ informaciis aracnobieri gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb.

fsiqologia. t. XX. gv. 118-122. Tbilisi. d. uznaZis fsiqologiis

universiteti.

farjanaZe d. (2008) _ implicituri mexsierebis problema Tanamedrove

fsiqologiaSi. qarTuli fsiqologiuri Jurnali. #3.

WinWarauli T. (2008) _ ganmeorebiTi praimingis kognituri da neiro

fsiqologiuri analizi. disertacia.

Аткинсон Р. (1980) – Человеческая память и процесс обучения. изд. «Прогресс».

Баиндурашвили А.Г. (1978) – Некоторые характерные особенности речевого знака в

аспекте проблемы реальности бессознательного психического. Бессознательное т.3. изд.

«Мецниереба».

Баиндурашвили А.Г. (1971) – Роль взаимодействии означаемого и означающего в

процессе запоминания слов. мат. ШМ всесоюзного съезда общества психологов.

Баиндурашвили Н.А. (1986) – «способность постижения взаимосоответствия звуковой

стороны слова и его значение как компонент лингвистической способности и возрастные

особенности ее проявления. Автореферат.

Вундт В. (1913) – Элементы психологии народов. стр. 146.

Имедадзе Н. (1978) - Бессознательнoе в стратегии овладения языком. Бессознательное т.3.

Миллер Дж. (1956) – Информация и память. журнал “Scientific American”.

Мюллер М. (1968) – Наука о языке. стр. 291.

Пауль Г. (1960) – Принципы истории языка. стр. 71. изд. Москва.

Пиаже Ж., Фресс П. (1973) – Экспериментальная психология. изд. Прогресс.

Парджанадзе Д. (1978) – Память и бессознательное. Бессознательное. изд. «Мецниереба».

стр. 291-298.

Рамишвили Д. (1978) – Бессознательное в контексте речевой активности. Бессознательное

т.3. изд. «Мецниереба». стр. 173-186.

Седов К. (2004) – Возрастная психолингвистика – Хрестоматия. изд. Москва.

Соссюр Ф. (1933) – Курс общей лингвистики. Соцэкгиз.

137

Соссюр Ф. (1977) – Труд по языкознанию. М.

Солсо Р. (2002) – Когнитивная психология. Питер.

Слобин Д., Грин. Ж. (1976) – Психолингвистика. изд. Прогресс. Москва.

Чоговадзе К. (1990) – Проблема взаимодействия контекста и значения слова.

Автореферат.

Atkinson R.C. & Shiffrim R.M. (1991) – The control of short-term memory. Scientific

American.

Ashcraft M.N. (1994) – Human memory and cognition.

Alspach E.M. (1917) – On the Psychological response to unknown Proper names. 28.

Bartlett F.C. (1932) – Remembering.

Brown R.W., Black A.H. & Horowitz A.E. (1955) – Phonetic Symbolism in Natural Languages.

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. no.50.

Brown R. (1958). – Words and Things. p. 122.

Brackbill Y & Little K.B. (1957) – Factors determining the guessing and meaning of foreign

words. Journal of Social Psychology.

Craik F.I.M. & Tulving E. (1975) – Depth of Processing and the retention of word in episodic

memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General. 104. pp. 268-294.

Craf P. & Schacter D.L. (1985) – Implicit and Explicit memory for new associations in normal

and amnesic subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, memory and cognition. 16.

pp. 978-992.

Davis R. (1961) – The fitness of Names to Drawings. A. Cross-cultural Study in Tanganyika.

British Journal of Psychology. 52.

Hall R.Z. & Oldfield R.C. (1950) – An experimental Study on the Fitness of Signs to Words.

Harrower M.R. (1933) – Organization in Higher Processes. B.17.

Irwin F.W. & Newland A. (1940) – Genetic Study of the Naming of Visual Figures. The Journal

of Psychology. 9.

Moltzman I., Morrisett L. & Brooks L. (1958) – An Investigation of Phonetic Symbolism. No.

45.

Newmen S.S. (1933). – Future experiments in Phonetic Symbolism. no. 45.

Paget R. (1930) – Human Speech. New York.

Tsuru S.H. & Fries H.S. (1933) – Problem in Meaning Journal of General Psychology.

Taylor I.K. (1963) – Phonetic Symbolism re-examined Psychological Bulletin.

Toth. H. (1996) – Nonconscious Forms of Human Memory.

138

Roediger H.L. (2003) – Reconsidering implicit memory. In J.S. Browers & C. Marsolek (Eds.)

Oxford: Oxford University. Press. pp. 3-18.

Squire L.R., Shimamura A.P. & Graf P. (1995) – Independence of Recognition Memory and

priming effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory & cognition, II. pp. 37-44.

Tulving E., Schacter D.L. & Stark H.A. (1982). – Priming Effects in Word-fragment completion

are independent of Recognition Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: pp. 336-342.

Documents

disertacia tevdoradze.pdf · 4 Sesavali saxeldeba sityvis qmnadobas, saxelisa da mniSvnelobis pirveldakavSirebas gulisxmobs. sakiTxs _ rogor myardeba kavSiri saxelsa da mniSvnelobas