Deviance and Social Control

Chapter 8

Deviance

behavior that violates significant social norms

Not all norm violations are deviant different parts of the same society

can have different rules

Can also change based on the society and time period

Deviance

Deviance Name some groups that were utterly

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Stigma mark of social disgrace that sets a

deviant apart from the rest of society physical marks

Burns, brands, scars clothing mental - negative social reactions

Classifying Norms

According to Durkheim, deviance serves a purpose

deviance helps to redefine and remind what society’s boundaries are

Punishing violators warns others

Unifying the Group Draws the line between conforming

and non-conforming members of society

According to Durkheim, if deviance does not occur it must be invented Maintain group unity

Diffusing Tension

When people are unhappy with their lives they may want to strike out at society

minor deviant acts are a safety valve

express discontent without destroying order

Promoting Social Change

When large numbers of people violate a particular norm, it usually means that something must change

Providing Jobs

Deviance provides jobs Police Lawyers Judges Prison personnel Parole officers Criminologists Crime reporters

Explaining Deviance

Deviance and Self Control

Hirschi and Gottfredson Conformity = self control Parents who punish deviant behavior

and reward for conformity are more likely to have children with more self control

Children who do not have parents that are interested in their behavior are likely to have less self control, and are therefore more likely to be deviant

Cultural Transmission theory

Deviance = learned behavior Norms and values that are associated

with deviant behavior are transmitted Individual is socialized into deviancy

rather than socially acceptable behavior

Cultural Transmission Theory Differential Association Techniques of Neutralization Labeling Theory Primary Deviance Secondary Deviance Degradation Ceremony

- As a group, look up all of these terms

- Define them in your own words

Red Scare American government trying to find all

possible communists and sympathizers

Individuals were put through hearings to determine their fate

Whether or not they were found guilty, the accusation alone ruined their reputations

Journal - How can you analyze/make sense of this event with what we have discussed about deviance.

Conflict Resolution

Problem solving process where groups voice their points of view and see mutually acceptable solutions.

Persuasion - explain why one POV is best

Compromise - find common goals Debate - pros and cons of each

solution Negotiation - describe own solution,

then compromise

Conflict Resolution

The school wants to improve the health of school lunches. No fried products Vegetable and fruit mandatory Desserts must contain fruit More plant-based options

Example Lunches

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Your Argument What do you propose as a proper menu

for a high school?

Would you eat from this menu on a daily basis?

How may schools deviate from this strict menu? Why?

How can you prevent that deviance?

Crime 29 types of crimes according to FBI

Most common offenses Larceny (theft) Assault Drug Abuse (possession, sale, use) DUI

5 types of crime Violent, crime against property, victimless

crime, white-collar and organized crime

* Most crime is committed by people under 25*

Crime Surge

1980’s and 1990’s As population (baby boomers) ages,

crime rate increased then decreased

Crime surge was result of illicit drugs Habits financed through crime Crimes committed while under the

influence

Violent Crime

Murder, rape, aggravated assault & robbery

Very small percentage of crime One occurs every 22 seconds Increase in the early 90s, now

declining

Crimes Against Property

Burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft & arson

Much more common One every 3 seconds

Victimless Crimes

Prostitution, illegal gambling, drug use & vagrancy Harm no one but the person

committing the act

However the societal consequences may be large.

White-Collar Crime Offenses committed by individuals of high

social status during their professional career Politicians, employees of corporations Misrepresentation, fraud, tax evasion,

embezzlement, price fixing, toxic pollution, insider trading & political corruption

May cost the US $300,000,000,000 every year, plus effects on the American public

Corporations are considered “persons” and can also be charged with specific crimes

Organized Crime Crime syndicate - large scale

organization of professional criminals that controls some sort of vice or business through violence or threats

Can operate a legal business as a front - can reinvest illegal money

Can make huge profits - loan sharking, drug trafficking, illegal gambling, unfair labor practices, hijacking merchandise & lending with high interest rates

Terrorism

Threat or use of violence to achieve political goals

325 terrorist acts/suspected acts in the US in the past 20 years

Terrorism prevention - FBI Monitors both domestic and

international acts of terrorism

Police

Courts

Corrections

Study Guide