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8/13/2019 4 Deviance 4 Deviance 4 Deviance

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2. You have ten minutes until your next class and the train

has just arrived. Everyones pushing one another in order

to get a spot. Only a little space is left.

a.You push the one in front of you so you can still make it

to your class.

b. Wait for the next train and be late in your class.


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3. You are driving the wide streets of Manila at 3 a.m.

There are very few vehicles on the road. You come

across an intersection and the light is red. Other vehicles

in your lane are ignoring the light since there are no

vehicles in the intersection.a. You follow the other vehicles.

b. You stop.


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4. You are taking your final exam. You know that its your

last chance to pass the course since you know you

already have incurred some very low grades. You areconvinced that you can pass the test if you answer one

more question. The answer is at the tip of your tongue

but cant seem to recall it.

Your seatmate is whispering the answer while theteacher is busy doing something.

a. You write down your seatmates answer.

b. You dont answer and fail the exam.


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5. Your best friend is head over heels in love with his/hergirl/boyfriend, who is a common friend. That common

friend confessed to you that she/he is cheating anddoes not want you to tell your best friend and would notwant to confess to his/her girl/boyfriend either.

Your best friend is starting to get depressed and isobviously struggling. She/he asked you if you know

anything.

a. You lie and say no. Wait for the common friend toconfess.

b. You tell her the truth.


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Answer the following:

1. What was your common answer?

2. What pattern of behavior can you observe aboutyourself by observing your answers?


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`


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ConformityO Acceptance of culturally approved goals

(Merton)

O Why do we conform?

O Social Control (3 levels):

O Internalized self-control

O Informal controls

O What others will think

O Formal controlsO Administrative sanctions


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O Recognized violation of cultural normsO Human beings are evaluative (Erich Goode)

O Deviance is relative

O Not the act but the audience

O

CrimeO Sociology of deviance

O How rules are established

O Why people break the rules


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Complies with legalcode

Violates legal code

Complies with group

norms

Conforming behavior Criminal behavior

Violates group norms Deviant behavior Deviant and Criminal

behavior


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O Defined in 3 perspectives:O Absolutist

O Behavior itself

O NormativeO Relative phenomenon

O ReactiveO Sanctions


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O Cesar Lombroso

O Born criminals

O Certain physical characteristics resemble apelike qualities

O

William SheldonO 3 Body types:

O Ectomorph

O Endomorph

O mesomorph


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O Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck

O Parents treat children with muscular frames with emotional distance

O R. Hernstein

O SupermaleXYY chromosome

O D. Denno

O prenatal influence not genetic factors


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O Meyer-LindenbergO MAOA (Monoamine Oxidases)

O Affects males

O

Low MAOA

higher activation (amygdala)O More sensitive to aversive events, childhood

O Predisposition to impulsivity and violence

http://brainethics.wordpress.com/2006/07/11/maoa-and-the-risk-for-impulsivity-and-violence/


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O Functionalist Theories

O Durkheim

O Suicide

O Crime is normal

O 3 reasons for normalcy:

1. Impossible to reach complete agreement on rules and norms

in society

2. No society can enforce total conformity

3. Man is a normative creature


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O 4 functions:

1. Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.

2. Deviance encourages social change.

3. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries.

4. Deviance promotes social unity.

O Anomie

O Breakdown of social rules and norms that regulate human

behavior

O Rapid economic, political, and social transformation

disruptive patterns of interaction


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O Robert K. Merton

O Strain theoryO Culturally approved goals cannot be reached

through culturally approved means

O Disparity between goals and means

O

Lower classO Four types of deviance

O Innovation

O Ritualism

O

RetreatismO Rebellion


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O Collective efficacy theory

O Collective efficacy

O neighborhood share the expectationthat the neighbors will work togethersocial order

O Most common in neighborhoodswith few structural disorder

O Employment, home ownership,police and municipal services


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O Evaluation for Functionalist theories

O Durkheim

OCommunities do not always come together

in response to crime

O Merton

ONot all cultures value wealth


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O Conflict Theory

O natural and inevitablescarce resources

O Class conflict and competition

O Class conflict

O Criminal justice system

O Define and responds to crime

O Economic pressures

O Lead to crime


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ConflictO Richard Quinney

O Capitalism is the real cause ofcrime

O Upper class defines laws andenforced by agents

O More lower class crimes areapprehended

O Solution to crime: end ofcapitalism


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O Steven Spitzer

O Labels are applied to people who hinder

capitalism

O Reasons:

O Capitalism is based on private property

O Capitalism depends on productive labor

O Capitalism depends on respect for authority

O Direct challenge towards capitalism wouldentail deviance.


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O Evaluation of conflict theory

O The assumption that laws and norms are made

by the rich and powerful is an oversimplification

O Rejects structural-functionalists assumption:

O

Lower class

adjust goals throughrespectable means (Simons & Gray)


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O Symbolic Interaction Theories

O Deviance is learned through interaction

O Result from face-to-face interactions


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O Edwin Sutherland

ODifferential Association

OWhen associates favor deviant

behavior over conformity

ORewards form deviant

subculture


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O Deterrence/ Social Control Theories

O Combine elements of structural-functional and symbolic

interaction

O Social structuredoes not reward conformity

O

Cost/ benefit analysisO Why dont people engage in deviant behavior?

O Walter Reckless

O Containment theory

O Outer containment

O Inner containment


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O Labeling theory

O Combines conflict and symbolic-interaction theories

O Howard Becker

O Deviant behavior is behavior that people so label

O 2 Parts:1. How and why people are labeled

2. Effect of the label

O Process:

1. Primary deviance

2. Secondary deviance

O Groups label competition as deviant

O Moral entrepreneurscreate new definitions of morality


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O Deviance as mental illness

O Status degradation ceremony

O Not one of us

O

Master statusO Internalize label

O Labeled as sick

O Different labels, different classes


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O Travis Hirschi

O Social bonding

O 4 elements:

1. Attachment

2. Commitment

3. Involvement

4. Belief


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O Evaluation of symbolic interaction theoriesO Labeling

O Useful to less serious deviance

O Not everyone resist deviance

O Differential association and control theory

O Considerable influence in sociologyO Little explanation on why certain activities are deviant in the first

place


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CrimeO Property Crimes

O Bburglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft,arson

O Violent Crimes

O Rape, robbery, assault

O Victimless crimes

O Drug use, prostitution, pornography. Illegal

gamblingO No complaining victims


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O White-Collar crimes

O Committed by respectable people in the

course of occupation

O Embezzlement, fraud, etc.

O Corporate crimes

O Committed by companies

O Price fixing, selling defective products, evading

taxes, environment pollution

O z


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Correlates of CrimeO Age

O Young adults

O Deterrence theory

O No stake in conformityO Delinquency

O nothing better to do

O SexO Females

O Victimization of females

O ClassO Lower class


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Philippines Japan

(low crime rate)

USA

(high crime rate)

Murder 7.85 1.10 5.51

Rape 4.21 1.78 32.05

Robbery 8.06 4.08 144.92

Aggravated

assault

15.10 23.78 323.62

Motor vehicle

theft

3.26 44.28 414.17

http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu


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Criminal Justice systemO Rationalizations of punishment

1. Retribution

2. Prevention

3. Deterrence

4. Reform


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O Police

O Court

O PrisonsO Others

O Intense supervision

Documents

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