Detailed BrassicaPresentation

Edward N. Ballard

Extension Educator, Animal Systems

Effingham Center

GrazingCheapest Source

of Nutrients

Every day spent grazing is money saved !

Winter Annuals in the Grazing Program

• Cool season annual forages can be

planted in autumn for deferred grazing

during the late autumn, winter and

early spring.

Winter Annuals Include…

Rye Wheat Barley Triticale

Spring Oats Turnips Rape Kale

Collards Tylon Tyfon

Annual Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass

Growth curves for cool-season perennial grasses, warm

season perennial grasses, and winter annuals.

Winter

annual

(small grain

annual ryegrass)

Cool-season

perennial grasses Warm-season

perennial grasses

Winter annual

(small grain/annual

ryegrass)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Re

lati

ve

Gro

wth

Ra

te

Typical season of use for winter annual forages

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

Crop residue

Stockpiled perennial pasture

Winter annual

U of I Dudley Smith Year-Around Grazing Project

• Cows grazing Alfalfa-Orchardgrass

• April through October

• Winter Grazing-- Corn Stalks with either

• Turnips-Spring Oats or Springs Oats & Cereal Rye

• Yield Data--Soil Compaction-- Insect & Weed Control

Utilizing SPA Data

IL 1996 IL 2000 U of I

Dudley Smith

Total Cow Cost $414.03 $304.92 $190.18

Total Feed Cost $268.48 $209.18 $158.71

Pasture Cost $84.05 $76.91 $102.12

Crop Residues $1.96 $0.78 $40.53

Harvested Forages $83.98 $81.25 $0.00

Other Raised Feed $60.34 $19.96 $5.12

Purchased Feed $38.16 $30.28 $10.94

* All figures are financial annual cost/cow

Utilizing SPA DataIL

1996

IL

1999

U of I

Dudley Smith

Total Feed Fed 5177 4710 316

Raised Hay 3091 3189 0

Other Home- Raised Feed 1734 932 127

Purchased Hay 112 187 170

Purchased STupplements 78 114 19

Purchased Silages & Conc. 166 288 0

* All figures are lbs DM/cow/year

*Cost rent $120 per acre

Section 9

Section 8

Section 7

Section 6

Section 5

Section 4

Section 3

Section 2

Section 1

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

Section 9

February 21, 2001

February 7, 2001

January 24, 2001

January 10, 2001

December 27, 2000

December 13, 2000

November 29, 2000

November 15, 2000

November 1, 2000

November 1, 2000

November 15, 2000

November 29, 2000

December 13, 2000

December 27, 2000

January 10, 2001

January 24, 2001

February 7, 2001

February 21, 2001

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Group 4

Field

1

Field

2

Water Water

Cornstalks &

Turnips &

Springs Oats

Cornstalks &

Springs Oats-

Cereal Rye

U of I Dudley

Smith Farm

Christian Co.

November 1, 2000

Spring Oats -Cereal Rye-

Corn Stalks

Seeded August 15

Oats- 1 Bu.

Rye-1 1/2 Bu.

40 LBS N

November 1, 2000

Turnips - Spring Oats-

Corn Stalks

Seeded August 15

Turnips- 4 lbs

Oats 1 Bu.

40 LBS N

Costs for Winter Grazing Spring Oats and Turnips -

Seeded August 9, 2001Chisel- July 22 $11.00 per acre

Disc and mulch $ 9.0 per acre

Nitrogen 40 units $12.00 per acre

Seeded and mulch spring oats $ 9.00 per acre

Spring oats seed cost 1 ½ bu at ($2/bu) $ 3.00 per acre

Seeded turnips and mulch $ 9.00 per acre

Turnips seed – 4 lbs per acre( $1.80 per lb) $ 7.20 per acre

Total Seeding Cost per acre for 6.2 $60.20 per acre

Total Cost for seeding 6.2 acres $373.24

Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002

Turnips – Spring Oats – Corn Stalks

Hay 4800 lbs for 8 cows (600 lbs per cow)

$50 price per ton

$ 120.00

Propane

Cost

60 gallons at 79¢ per gallon $ 47.40

Total Costs $167.40

All Costs $540.64

Costs per day for 134 days of grazing 50¢per day

Total costs per cow for 134 days $ 67.58

Average daily gain per cow 1.86 lbs

Cow eating whole turnip

January 8, 2001

18 Inches snow cover--Turnips& Oats

December, 2000

Spring Oats and Cereal RyeSeeded August 9, 2001

Chisel – July 22 $11.00 per acre

Disc and mulch $ 9.00 per acre

Nitrogen 40 Units per acre $ 12.00 per acre

Seeded and mulch Spring Oats and

cereal rye $ 9.00 per acre

Spring Oats seed cost 1 bu at $2.00 per bu $ 2.00 per acre

Cereal Rye 1 ½ bu per acrre at $5.25 per bu $ 7.87 per acre

Total Seeding Costs per acre for 6.2 acres $ 50.87 per acre

Total Cost for Seeding 6.2 acres $315.40

Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002

Spring Oats – Rye – Corn Stalks

Hay 4800 lbs for 8 cows (600 lbs per cow)

$50 price per ton

$ 120.00

Propane

Costs

60 gallon at 79¢ per gallon $ 47.40

Total Costs $ 167.40

All costs $ 482.80

Costs per cow for 134 days of grazing 45¢

Total costs per cow for 134 days $ 60.35

Average daily gain per cow 1.55 lbs

Five Types of Land Management

• Extended rotations of cool season pasture

• Permanent pasture of native, warm season grasses

• Winter grazing on a corn-spring oats rotation with cover crops

• Winter grazing on small grain-corn rotation with cover crops

• A continuous corn rotation with no grazing

Continuous Corn (Control) C2

Dry lot

Continuous

Corn Control C3

row crop/winter grazing

(48 acres each)

cool season pasture

(6, 2.5 ac. paddocks each)

warm season pasture

(2,2.5 ac. each)

continuous corn (control)

(5 acres each)

Miscanthus demo plot

(0.1 acre each)

dry lot/corral area

(5.5 acres)

700 N

2200 E

Dudley Smith Farm

Potential Plot

Layout - June 2003

Acreage per experimental unit

Corn

(RCG 6)

A8

A7

B10

B9

M12

M11

B2

B1

A4

A3

M6

M5

B14

B13

A16

A15

M18

M17

W1

W2

W3

W4

W5

W6

Treatment Codes

A- AMPAC mix

B- Barenbrug mix

M-MaxQ mix

W- Warmseason mix

RG – Row crops grazed

C – Conventional Crop

Continuous Corn

(Control) C1

Oats (RCG

4)Oats (RCG 5)

Oats

(RCG 2)

Corn

(RCG 1)

Corn

(RCG 3)

Winter graze

corn residues+

annual rye

Winter Graze

corn residues+

annual rye

Winter Graze

corn residues+

annual rye

Winter graze

corn

residues

Winter Graze

cereal rye

oats

turnips

Winter graze

corn residues

Winter

graze

cereal rye

oats

turnips

Winter graze

cereal rye

oats

turnips

U of I Dudley Smith Farm

Cow Grazing, May, 2003

U of I Dudley Smith Farm

Spring Calf Crop-2003

Utilize Crop Residues for Fall, Winter Grazing

What about Turnips and other grazing alternatives?

Aerial Seeding Turnips,Oats and Rye

8-20-2001

Cliff Schuette

Turnips

and Cereal Rye

Airseed 8/25/2000

Turnips-3 lbs

Rye 2 Bu

Airplane $8/Acre

Corn 183 Bu/acre

Atrazine 1 lb

Partner April 28

Seeded on Aug 19, 2002

Picture on Aug 22, 2002

Barkant Turnip and Rye After Spring Oats-Cost:Turnip-$10, Rye-

$8, Airplane-$8Total-$26

60

Turnips- Costs $10 Rye- $8

Planted after spring oats

Forage Turnips and Oats in Corn Stalks-Cost: $10 Turnips, $7.50 Oats,

$8 for Airplane-$25.50/Acre

Turnips and Rye flown in Beans-Sept 15th- 2 weeks

prior to Harvest

Fall Seeding- Germination is better when sown …

And not flown.

Turnup- Forage and Tuber at 2 months

Tuber in Corn-3 months

Jimmy Ayars-Christian Co. Spring, 2003

Turnips-3 lbs-Oats-3 Bu.

Jimmy Ayars-tunrips-oats spring, 2003

Jimmy Ayars Spring, 2003

Jimmy Ayars-June 24, 2003

Jimmy Ayars, Turnips and Oats baled, June, 2003

Jack Wock, Jersey Co. Turnip & Spring Oats, June 4,2003

3 Acres-126 grazing days to date

Jack Wock, Jersey Co. June 4, 2003-Bonar Rape

Seeded 3 lbs/acre-April 12, 2003

Jack Wock, Jersery Co. June 4, 2003

Pennleaf Pearl Millet-20 lbs/acre & Pasja 3 lbs/acre seeded May 15

Part 1 - Dynamo, Samson, Barkant, Purple-top Turnips and Dwarf Essex and

Interval Rape Dry Matter (DM) Yield Comparison - Wiley Farm**

Comments

8/21/98

Comments

11/04/98

Leaf DM

(lbs./A)

(% of Total)

Root DM

(lbs./A)

(% of Total)

Total DM

(ave of

10/19/98 &

11/04/98)

Purple-top

Turnip no N

4” tall

healthy stand

36 plants/yd

16”-20” tall

uneven, mature

root > top

1,190 lbs.

19%

5,165 lbs.

81%

6,355 lbs./A

Purple-top

turnip w/N

4” tall

healthy stand

36 plants/yd

20”-24” tall

more even

mature

root > top

2,488 lbs.

30%

5,842 lbs.

70%

8,330 lbs./A

Samson turnip

no N

4” tall

healthy stand

36 plants/yd

17”-26” tall

large roots

still growing

5,379 lbs.

53%

4,762 lbs.

47%

10,141 lbs./A

Dynamo turnip

no N

6” tall

excellent stand

44 plants/yd

16”-26” tall

top > root

still growing

7,025 lbs.

56%

4,356 lb.

44%

11,381 lbs./A

**Wiley Farm, Schoolcraft, MI: 55 acres, broadcast-seeded from a 4-wheeler onto disked green bean stubble on 7/21/98 @

a rate of 1.5 lbs. seed/A (Herd cyclone seeder without fertilizer). Irrigated with ¼” of water on the 5th and 9th days after

seeding. Portions of both Purple-top and Barkant were top-dressed with 300 lbs. of 21-0-0/A on 9/25/98. Total DM values

are averages from the 10/19/98 and 11/04/98 samples.

Oats and Rye in Combination

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Fora

ge

Availa

bili

ty

MU-FSRC

Oats

Rye

Trainor Turnips andAnnual Rye Fall 2002

Trainor Turnips and Annual RyeFall 2003- November

Cost per pound of forage dry matter consumed

Annual

Ryegrass Stockpile Hay

Forage yield 7000 3895 2000

utilization 70% 70% 80%

harvested forage 4900 2727 1600

cost/lb/dm consumed $0.016 $0.008 $0.035

Jim Gerrish, FSRC, MO

Daily feed costs and cost per pound of calf gain

Annual

Ryegrass Stockpile Hay

cow weight 1350 1350 1350

intake 0.028 0.028 0.028

lb forage/cow/day 37.8 37.8 37.8

cost/cow/day $0.62 $0.31 $1.32

calf ADG 2.45 2.24 2.02

cost/lb/gain 0.25$ 0.14$ 0.65$

Jim Gerrish, FSRC, MO

Dry matter (DM) intake (kg day-1), cost of wintering ($ cow-1) and relative cost (%) of wintering a spring calving beef cow on a variety of forages for 122 days during winter.)

Forage(s)

Tall Fescue Stockpile

Annual Ryegrass

Wheat

Rye

Turnip

Rape

Tall Fescue Hay1

Tall Fescue Hay

Turnip + TF Hay

Turnip + TF Stockpile

Rape + TF Hay

Rape + TF Stockpile

Turnip + Alfalfa Hay

Alfalfa Hay (fair)

DM Intake

(kg day-1)

23.28

15.70

16.02

17.04

16.15

15.67

28.12

23.85

20.39

19.01

19.98

18.67

19.06

23.39

Cost

($ Cow-1)

67.44

45.90

71.28

40.95

34.19

51.57

87.72

74.56

53.24

47.58

64.16

57.77

72.04

129.72

Relative

Cost (%)

100

68

106

61

51

76

130

111

79

71

95

86

107

192

Source: G.J. Bishop-Hurley & R.L. Kallenbach, University of Missouri, 2000