Detail Survey ReportGroup 16Team leader : Nicky Tay Min Yang (16502)Member : Sherlinajit Kaur (16384)Yeo Chui Ping (16204)Yaseen Ahmad (15707)Victor Midir (16531)

Detail SurveyIntroductionA detail survey is a survey for detail of selected features of a specific area. This type of survey is regularly used when designing for roads, buildings, extensions and other new infrastructure. The information gained by the Surveyor is captured using Total Station (Electronic Theodolite), levels and GPS and drafted using CAD (computer aided drafting) software. These drawings are of great importance to Engineers, Building Designers and Architects.Objective To perform the details survey on a selected areas. To produce large scale digital map from objects.EquipmentTotal Station 1Tripod 1Mini Prism 2Nail 1Compass 1Wooden peg 1Measuring tape 1Procedure1. Firstly the details of features at the assigned area need was sketched.2. Occupied point and back sight points were identified.3. The azimuth at the back sights point was found, primastic compass was used, all was recorded into total station at occupied point.4. Or if your coordinate at the back side point are known, they are input into the total station.5. Identified features to be surveyed and the code and point number of each of the features were defined as example in the following table. The instrument height, back sight points and reflector height are measured.

ItemCodeNo. of Point

PondPd75

TopographyTopo100

TreeTr37

RoadRd63

BuildingBldg35

310

6. The process measurements of the above detail was measured.7. Once we completed field data measurement, data was downloaded into computer.8. Data obtained was processed using AutoCAD Land Development to produce Digital Map at our assigned study area.

Result MapSketch

Detail Survey Map

Geographical Map

Contour Map

Computed Data1000474847.9685049.816.829ROAD

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2000474850685039.416.859TREE

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2012474836.8685029.316.689TREE

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2014474841.268504616.802TREE

2015474835.6685042.716.762TREE

2016474819.2685041.916.794TREE

2017474811.3685043.916.629TREE

2018474804.1685044.416.828TREE

2019474795.6685049.416.672TREE

2020474794685051.516.685TREE

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2036474842.9685047.816.803TREE

3000474842.8685047.316.775POND

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4000474874.1685041.516.613BLDG

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4020474851.3685081.417.24BLDG

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4032474795685102.316.617BLDG

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4034474788.6685103.516.57BLDG

5000474864.3685077.917.022TOPO

5001474857.2685078.717.022TOPO

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5007474839.7685076.616.987TOPO

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5019474848.8685071.716.898TOPO

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5022474856.5685070.516.85TOPO

5023474849.7685069.916.905TOPO

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5025474862.6685068.816.859TOPO

5026474856.1685068.716.799TOPO

5027474850.4685068.216.852TOPO

5028474844.2685067.916.946TOPO

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5030474856685067.116.811TOPO

5031474851.3685066.616.834TOPO

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5043474852.9685061.316.799TOPO

5044474847685060.516.883TOPO

5045474861.9685058.116.759TOPO

5046474857.3685059.916.741TOPO

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5048474847.568505816.832TOPO

5049474861.7685056.216.696TOPO

5050474857685057.816.715TOPO

5051474853.2685057.516.766TOPO

5052474847.9685056.816.831TOPO

5053474864.2685053.116.647TOPO

5054474858.8685054.916.676TOPO

5055474854.2685055.216.724TOPO

5056474854.2685055.216.724TOPO

5057474847.8685055.316.804TOPO

5058474865.3685048.916.672TOPO

5059474858.6685049.416.649TOPO

5060474854.2685050.716.711TOPO

5061474847.4685051.416.782TOPO

5062474866.2685046.616.672TOPO

5063474857.8685046.516.678TOPO

5064474853.7685046.716.716TOPO

5065474847685049.316.811TOPO

5066474865.8685041.416.644TOPO

5067474859.268504316.651TOPO

5068474854.368504416.734TOPO

5069474845.8685039.316.75TOPO

5070474867.3685036.316.622TOPO

5071474859.4685040.716.647TOPO

5072474852.1685040.816.793TOPO

5073474845.4685035.216.787TOPO

5074474864.3685033.216.593TOPO

5075474857.2685036.616.798TOPO

5076474853.8685037.716.847TOPO

5077474845.368503316.889TOPO

5078474872.4685027.416.628TOPO

5079474859.9685033.716.658TOPO

5080474855.2685032.716.69TOPO

5081474845.4685030.716.892TOPO

5082474876.7685022.716.609TOPO

5083474859.9685033.716.646TOPO

5084474856.868503016.684TOPO

5085474844.3685028.816.853TOPO

5086474873.1685017.816.606TOPO

5087474863.1685030.616.588TOPO

5088474858.7685026.716.594TOPO

5089474843.3685025.516.811TOPO

509047486968501216.456TOPO

5091474866.6685025.416.611TOPO

5092474861.3685022.116.604TOPO

5093474841.6685024.416.827TOPO

5094474863.3685018.516.493TOPO

5095474867.8685020.716.611TOPO

5096474843.4685022.216.773TOPO

5097474863.3685018.516.503TOPO

5098474869.168502016.596TOPO

5099474854.6685015.816.722TOPO

56474848.4685058.716.922TBM

57474848.5685044.316.823TBM

Discussion

ReliabilityThroughout this experiment, there were several problems we faced including:1. Pole visibility decreased due to simultaneous surveys by other groups on our study area.2. Points taken too far away from outline of object due to obstacles in between. For example, the outline of the pond could not be completed because of trees and vehicles blocking the total station's visibility. 3. Battery of total station was weak causing us to temporarily stop our survey.

Modification1. Decrease number of surveys occuring at once to maximize visibility of each prism.2. Make sure total station is placed strategic enough to be able to record all points of each object. 3. Prepare sufficient batteries for survey beforehand.

ConclusionThe objective of this experiment was to perform the details survey in a given study area and to produce large scale digital map from objects by operating the AutoCAD Land Desktop. Throughout this experiment, we learnt how to fully operate the survey equipments and the strategic way to plan out our data recording to produce a more detail digital map of the area. Thus, the objective was achieved.

Global Positioning SystemObjectiveTo obtain the unknown coordinates of points on the earth surface using GPS/ satellite positioning.EquipmentsGPS receiver 1Tripod + rover + adaptor 1GPS processing software 1 Computer 1Procedure1. GPS receiver is setup at unknown location which has clear sky view.2. GPS data is collected for a certain period of time around 45 minutes.3. The data is downloaded into a computer.4. The data is processed using GPS software.5. The coordinates of the locations is obtained and was presented them numerically and graphically.

ResultPointNorthingEastingZCode

base475696.4297630.3-0.327STN

100475688297624.4-0.236RR

101475687.3297629.3-0.326RR

102475674.7297627.8-0.332RR

103475670297623.3-0.202RR

104475660.5297621.2-0.311RR

105475653.2297620.5-0.287RR

106475646.2297619.8-0.213RR

107475638.4297622.8-0.255RR

108475630.7297622.5-0.348RR

109475622.8297622-0.378RR

110475614.1297620.5-0.245RR

111475607.3297619.5-0.355RR

112475607.1297617.6-0.11RR

113475603297616.2-0.066RR

114475693.9297630.5-0.385RR

115475695.6297629.8-0.274RRF

116475699.4297631.1-0.321RRF

117475702.1297634.3-0.432RRF

118475703.3297639-0.432RRF

119475703297644.8-0.578RRF

120475711.6297662.3-1.226RRF

121475712.3297671.2-1.074RRF

122475711.7297678.3-0.623RRF

123475713.1297689-0.243RRF

124475714.4297696.3-1.383RRF

125475717.9297706.34.437RRF

126475720.6297717.9-0.476RRF

127475726.7297721.7-0.234RRF

128475737.4297722.9-0.243RRF

129475737.9297731.1-0.213RRF

130475729.3297730.40.31RRF

131475739.1297737.5-0.114RRF

132475742.7297747.30.04RRF

133475747.7297753.20.091RRF

134475754.9297759.70.332RRF

135475756.7297761.50.405RRF

136475759.2297765.90.391RRF

137475764.6297771.60.336RRF

138475770.6297773.80.405RRF

139475777.7297773.40.214RRF

140475784297773.40.067RRF

141475791.7297773.8-0.038RRF

142475799.1297774.2-0.1RRF

143475804.8297774.4-0.172RRF

144475810.9297774.5-0.186RRF

145475823.9297776.2-0.183RRF

146475830.8297774.3-0.265RRF

147475838.5297768.5-0.172RRF

148475847297770.4-0.255RRF

149475857.9297768.6-0.203RRF

150475867.4297767.7-0.228RRF

151475884.3297767.6-0.247RRF

152475896.3297767.7-0.221RRF

153475912.1297767.3-0.266RRF

1544759192977610.232RRF

155475930.1297765.80.431RRF

156475941.6297765.60.122RRF

157475957.6297763.40.091RRF

158475970.6297764.90.137RRF

159475983.9297768.2-0.68RRF

160475994.5297776.3-0.276RRF

161476000297778.3-0.289RRF

162476016.4297786.4-0.459RRF

163476028.9297776.8-0.675RRF

164476028.4297766.6-0.39RRF

165475692.4297630.5-0.404RRF

166475710.8297636.5-0.692TOPO

167475720.8297642.3-0.638TOPO

168475725.2297643.9-0.627TOPO

169475729.7297642.5-0.572TOPO

170475732.9297639.9-0.391TOPO

171475713.2297677.1-0.675TOPO

172475718.2297681.9-0.622TOPO

173475719.2297691-0.418TOPO

174475724.4297691.5-0.558TOPO

175475730.8297690.5-0.501TOPO

176475730.1297682.7-0.608TOPO

177475728.2297676.6-0.711TOPO

178475712.9297685.8-0.512TOPO

179475714.1297690.7-0.576TOPO

180475715.3297694.3-0.304TOPO

181475714.4297695.1-0.356TOPO

182475715297697.4-0.265TOPO

183475692.3297630.4-0.381TOPO

184475692.3297630.5-0.39TOPO

185475692.2297635.1-0.547TOPO

186475694.5297643.5-0.691TOPO

187475687.2297629.7-0.47TOPO

188475677.4297631.7-0.681TOPO

189475667.7297627.4-0.439TOPO

190475651.1297633.6-0.501TOPO

191475640.5297627.5-0.425TOPO

192475629.6297615.9-0.156TOPO

193475612.5297620.5-0.281TOPO

194475601297613.2-0.369TOPO

195475581.5297607-0.975TOPO

196475569297615.3-0.241TOPO

197475536.5297604.5-0.41TOPO

198475515.9297608.8-0.331TOPO

199475553.7297613.9-0.311TOPO

200475561.4297613.6-0.287TOPO

201475694297630.7-0.351TOPO

202475711297668.8-0.653RR

203475729.6297677.4-0.599TOPO

204475713.9297693.2-0.52TREE

205475718.1297705.1-0.338TREE

206475713.8297717.7-0.199TOPO

207475707.9297725.5-0.11RR

208475724.1297666.9-0.685TOPO

209475710.1297630.2-0.215RR

210475706.2297627.4-0.363RR

GPS MAP

Discussion1. GPS determines distance between a GPS satellite and a GPS receiver by measuring the amount of the time it takes a radio signal to travel from the satellite to the GPS receiver.2. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is about 3.0 x10^8 meter per second. So, if the amount of time it takes for the signal to travel from the satellite to the receiver is known, the distance from the satellite to the receiver (distance= speed x time) can be determined.3. If the exact time when the signal wad transmitted at the exact time when it was received is known, the signals travel time can be determined.

Modificationi. AugmentationIntegrating external information into the calculation process can materially improve accuracy such augmentation systems are generally named or described on how the information arrives.ii. Precise MonitoringAccuracy can be improved through precise monitoring and measurement of existing GPS signal in additional or alternate ways.

ReliabilityThere are several sources for these errors, the most significant of which are discussed below.i. Atmospheric ConditionsThe ionosphere are troposphere both refract the GPS signals. This causes the speed of the GPS signal in the ionosphere and troposphere to be different from the speed of GPS signal in space.ii. MultipathA GPS signal is bouncing off a reflective surface prior to reach the GPS receiver antenna is referred to as multipath.iii. Selective AvailabilityEphemeris errors should not be confused with selective availability (SA), which is the intential alteration of the time and ephemeris signals by the department of defence.ConclusionThe coordinates of approximately 30 points be determined using GPS. From the result, we conclude that difference in coordinates of the 30 points are due difference in datum. Results are presented as above on the result section. Therefore, the objective to obtain coordinates of random points on earth is achieved.

APPENDIXDetail survey

Picture 1 :We were collecting the data for road during detail survey.

Picture 2 :Saving data in Total Station for Detail Survey

Picture 3: Group 16 Detail SurveyGPS

Picture 4: Recording points for Global Positioning System