Design and Detail Report

8/2/2019 Design and Detail Report

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

project outline

client

urban context - high street 2012

high street 2012 initiatives

64-68 whitechapel high street

proposed site

project timeline

urban context - failing high street

urban context - encroaching development

urban strategy - historical grain

urban strategy - high street

programme

KEY SPACES

high street

market area

exhibition space

cinema suspended

energy cells

gym - visual connection

greenhouse - energy cultivation

circulation

scheme diagram

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

basement plan

ground floor plan

first floor plan

second floor planthird floor plan

section a

section b

perspective section c

perspective section d

SUPERSTRUCTURE

basement & ground floor

steel frame & circulation

pods & cinema

facade

steel frame

FACADE

facade render

elgin marbles precedent

historical photos

breaking down facade

recreating the facade

recreating the facade cont.

moment connections

key views - aldgate east

key views - osborn street

key views - whitechapel high street

GROUND FLOOR

link to high street

market

exhibition space

transformation

CIRCULATION

external space

movement

foyerstructure

pressure pads

exposed services

lighting strategy - day

lighting strategy - night

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

5.0

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.10

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.37.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.10

1.11

1.12

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.43.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9


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1.3 URBAN CONTEXT - HIGH STREET 2012

the high street 2012 project was initially

conceived to enhance the proposed marathon

route for the london 2012 games. the marathon

was to pass along the a11 [whitechapel high

street] to the olympic park in stratford.

the marathon route has since been changed and

will no long end in the olympic park and will

not enter east london at all. however the high

street 2012 project is still going ahead to

enhance what will be one of the main routes to

the olympic stadium for spectators and officials

visiting the games but staying in central london.

original london 2012 marathon route

aldgate

n

central london

olympic park


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whitechapel high st.

St.Botolph

St.

commercialSt.

lema

n

St.

manse

llst.

A

a. braham street park

braham street park was completed in february 2010, funded by private

sector s106 contributions and the lda. the new park sits on what was

previously part of a busy road system and now provides a more tranquil

space for local residents, visitors and people who work in the area.

high street 2012

braham street park sits on a narrow strip of land, flanked on both

sides by tall office buildings. the park has a very corporate feel, the

hard landscaping and sharp angled lines within the design of the park

mimic those found within the city of london to the west. it is sold as a

park for residents but it is sparsely populated with smokers from the

adjoining office buildings and the occasional person eating their lunch.

it is overshadowed for most of the day by the surrounding buildings and

has no link the whitechapel high street itself. it is not obvious to anyone

passing along the high street that there is even a park there.

the high street 2012 route was split geographical sections and the

partners identified area based initiatives for each of those areas. the

proposed site falls within the aldgate section of the high street where

the following projects have been undertaken.

b. 64-68 whitechapel high street

improvement works to the six buildings were concentrated on the front

elevations and parts of the buildings that faced the high street. the

buildings have benefitted from extensive conservation repair

high street 2012

the project involved the complete rebuilding of the two facades that face

onto whitechapel high street, the original brickwork had been render over

and the stonework damaged and removed. the render and original brick

work was completely stripped off the elevation and new brick slips put in

place. the project was more of a rebuild than a restoration with new stone

work and mouldings being created using historic photographs to mimic the

original building. there were no alterations to the interiors, or the rear

elevations of the building, the project was merely a facelift.

c. alt

a series o

tree plant

seating ar

stand on t

the park w

aimed to r

a communit

dig were u

created a

what was t

and appre

has been.

1.4 HIGH STREET 2012 INITIATIVES


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1.5 64-68 WHITECHAPEL HIGH STREET

improvement works to the six buildings were

concentrated on the front elevations and parts

of the buildings that faced the high street.

the buildings have benefitted from extensive

conservation repair.high street 2012

the works to 64- 68 whitechapel high street were

concentrated on the parts of the building that

will be seen during the 2012 olympics, on the

route from the city to the olympic park.

they are creating a false facade which they have

created based on photos and documents from the

past. they claim they are restoring the building

to its former glory but they are only creating an

impression of an idealised past. by recladding the

facades of the building the buildings only mimic

what they once were; they are no longer used

in the same way and their context has changed.

the past is always looked on as a better time

but realistically times were just as hard, if not

harder back when the buildings were constructed;

the area was full of some of the worst slums in

london.

replicating history is entirely different to retaining

history. mimicking history cannot replicate the

layers of history that build up on a building over

its lifetime. rebuilding a facade completely removes

these historical layers. conservation allows

historical layers to build up whilst maintaining

the original fabric. the proposed works are not

conservation but a pastiche, creating a disneyfied

version of the past.


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n

conservation area

site

whitech

apel

highstreet

osbornstreet

0 0100 200m

C

D

B

A

E


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1.7 PROJECT TIMELINE

the project is set two years in the past, in 2010, when the it was announced that the

london 2012 marathon route was no longer passing along the a11 through east london

and was going to take place in central london instead. the project envisages that after

this announcement the funding for the high street 2012 project aimed at improving the

high streets along the original marathon route is dramatically reduced. therefore the

projects that were originally proposed on the route are suspended until new investors

come forward to take on the projects.

already involved in the london 2012 olympics as the official energy s

are looking to undertake projects along the olympic route and dec

project at 64-68 whitechapel high street. the tight timescale between p

the start of the olympic games when it must be completed and ready fo

of effects on the professional context of the project which are descr

the report.

february 2009high street 2012 project initiated

july 2008

london wins olympic games

may 2010

announcement

that london 2012

marathon route

no longer passing

through east london

may 2010

funding for

restoration works to

64-68 whitechapel

high street cut.

all proposed works

cancelled

aug 2010

edf energy, as official

energy supplier to the

london 2012 games,

come forward as new

investor.

new brief formed for

a building powered by

movement.

nov 2010application submitted

to local authority for

revised scheme.

feb 2011

planning approva

received for rev

scheme

june 2010

site start date for

works to 64-68

whitechapel high

street

nov 2010

works to 64-68

whitechapel high

street completed

jan 2010

planning permission

granted for works

to 64-68 whitechapel

high street

redefined timeline for this project

actual timeline


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n

high street 1

high street 1

high street 2

the only unchanged use 1841 -2

pubs/restaurantsgroceries/dairy/butchers

fabricschemist

clothingprinting

financialother


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1.9 URBAN CONTEXT ENCROACHING DEVELOPMENT

CENTRAL HOUSE LONDON METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY

central house marks the point on the high street that the largescale, high rise office buildings of the city meet the smaller

scale buildings of the high street. at 6 storeys it acts as an

intermediate between the two.

PROPOSED SITE

the proposed site is the first

set of surviving historical

buildings on the south side

of the road as you travel

east along whitechapel high

street.

PLANNING APPLICATION PA/08

this site has planning permissi

which will provide 84,305sq.m

retail use. once built it wil

character of the high street

for 5 years and closed off

detrimental effect on the high

prior to their demolition the

summit sports centre serving t


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th

hibl

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fa

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re

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1


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2.2 MA

the open g

area durin

of market

and go an

usually ot

plots. unl

were previ

never be

their good

reinvigora

in decline.


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at night th

the groun

space for

the doubl

of the cin

installatio

structure

the under

used to pr

the exhibit

the ticket

transluce

centre ofpeople into

2.3 EXH


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the gym pods, bar and greenhouses will be

constructed as cells which combine in the

steel frame to create a battery of energy

producing components.

2.5 ENERGY CELLS


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the cells will be constructed from

translucent panels which will a light

internal environment but will also allow a

visual connection between their interiors

and the high street. the translucent panelswill only allow the shadows of movement to

be visible, giving an implied idea of motion

within the building but not make it feel like a

gold fish bowl for the users.

when the pods are in use at night the internal

lights will make them glow identifying which

pods are being used to create energy. the

pods will shut down when not in use.

2.6 GYM VISUAL CONNECTION


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th

bu

al

te

feth

wh

to

ou

th

ma

2.

north

noon

north

north

noon

noon

n

greenhouse pods

market area

winter sunpath

autumn/spring sunpath

summer sunpath

gym pods

cinema


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2.9 SCHEME DIAGRAM

n

greenhouse pods

tickets/reception

market/exhibition area

bar

basement plant and service areas

gym pods

circulation/foyer

cinema

vertical circulation

roof

second floor

first floor

ground floor

basement

area schedule [m2]

market/exhibition space

tickets/reception

circulation/foyer

bar

gym pods

greenhouse pods

external rooftop growing area

cinema

basement:

changing/wcs

office

storage

plant

322

12

140

25

140

100

140

90

80

15

68

67


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27/106

A B

D

E

C

D D D

DF

G

H

J

LMNO

I

K


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R

RR

R

QC

P


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S

V U U U U

U

C


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S

V U U U U

U

C


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X

Y


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3.6 SECTION A 1:100

exhibition storemarket storeliftrooflight aboveunheated corridorofficefood storemale changing/showersmale wcsfemale changing/showersfemale wcsurine electrolysishydrogen combustionenergy storeventilation plantmarket/exhibition space

tickets/receptionrooflight to basementmesh walkwaycinemagym podsbarexternal growing spaceheated greenhouses

ABCDEFGHIJKLMnop

qrstuvxy

B M

PQ

U

U S

S

YX

T

E

R


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P

T

YYYYY

HJLMNO


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T

YYYY

JLMNO


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3.9

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lif

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un

of

fo

ma

ma

fe

fe

ur

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

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4.1 BASEMENT & GROUND FLOOR


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basement

the basement will be constructed from in situ reinforced concrete. although a

basement already existing on the site this will be dug out and completely rebuilt

to create a stable base for the new building that can support all the new loads.

the basement will be constructed as two large concrete spaces separated by

a concrete corridor. the basement partitions will be constructed from timber

studs allowing for flexibility in the space in the future

ground floor

the ground floor will be constructed from a o

slab with integral supporting beams. it will sp

walls and the central corridor walls on the

will be positioned in the basement where extra

4.2 STEEL FRAME & CIRCULATION


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steel frame

a braced steel frame will provide the super-structure for the

building above ground. the steel frame will sit along the lines of the

concrete basement walls and on the lines of the floor slab beams to

create a continuity of the structural load forces.

circulation walkways

the circulation walkways will sit on the steel

be constructed of galvanized steel to differen

steel frame. they will be one of the first parts

allowing the construction team platforms to w

4.3 PODS AND CINEMA


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cinema

the cinema will be suspended in a void in the steel super-structure.

it will hanging from the third floor section of the steel frame and

be braced back to the frame at a lower level. its shell will be a

lightweight steel construction, braced to create a rigid box.

pods

the gym, bar and greenhouse pods will be con

insulated kalwall panels within a lightweigh

floors and roofs will all be constructed from

quick, simple construction. they will be su

superstructure with bolted bracket connectio

4.4 FACADE


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facade

the historic facade panels will be precast concrete and will be

craned into place on site and bolted with movement joints to the

steel frame.


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5.1 FACADE RENDER


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niall mclaughlin architects have undertaken

a project at the london 2012 olympic park

where they have clad the building with casts

concrete friezes of the elgin marbles from the

parthenon. the elgin marbles which are housed

at the british museum, were digitally scanned

then grp lined rubber moulds were produced

for the concrete casting process. the casts

were made using a white cement to give them a

brighter appearance.

the casts elude to a history without becoming

a pastiche of the parthenon. this projects

has the same aim to recreate and celebrate a

historical facade on whitechapel high street

that sits within a conservation area. the facade

will be recreated in concrete casts and broken

up to elude to the history of the site by turning

the facade into more of a sculpture than a

pastiche.

The Parthenon stones were made in a particular

place at a particular time. Their deracination

and constant re-idealisation has made them into

something else something iconic that people

recognise, like a picture of Elvis

niall mclaughlin, concrete quarterly

autumn 2011

5.2 ELGIN MARBLES PRECEDENT


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the historical facade of 64-68 whitechapel

high street has disappeared, only the

structure of the facade remains. the

historical stonework and window frames have

been removed or damaged over time. to create

casts of the facade as it was constructed

a virtual 3d model will be produced which

can then be used to create moulds for the

casting of the concrete panels

5.3 HISTORICAL PHOTOS


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5.5 RECREATING FACADE

expanded polystyrene moulds will be cnc cut using the virtual 3d model.

due to the variety of different casts required it would not be worth

creating rubber or grp moulds as each mould will only be used a maximumof three times. once the moulds have been used they will be recycled

where they can be broken down and used in the packaging industry or as

an additive in lightweight concrete.

steel fixing brackets will be added to the mould before the concrete is

poured.

the mould will be cast from a white cement to emphasise the play of light

across the historical details. the fixing brackets will be cast into the

precast panels

the precas

building.


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5.6 RECREATING FACADE

the facade panels will be fixed to a steel i section ring beam that willterminate the cantilevered sections of the projecting steel frame.

the facade panels will be fixed using two types of connection. the bottomconnection will be load bearing and the top connections will be for

restraint. the bottom connection is made up of a steel plate, strengthened

with flanges which bolts directly to the steel frame. the steel plate is

drilled with elongated bolt holes to allow for alignment of the panel

and steel structure. the top connections do not take any load but just

tie the panels back to the frame. they allow movement in three directions

via the elongated bolt holes and nylon or teflon washers. the aim of the

top connections is to decouple the different movement of the steel from

that of the concrete.

single glathe window

actually b

rhythm of


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to support the proj

the steel structure

to do this the ste

out of the facad

the columns using

effectively create a

tied back all the w

allowing it to cant

required to create

the perpendicular s

in the adjacent imabeams are cantileve

5.7 MOMENT CO


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ALDGATE

EAST


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OSB

ORN

STREET


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5.10 KEY MASSING

WHITECHAPE

on the main route to

west elevation will a

approach closer and tit will become more ob

has been morphed int

WHITECHAPEL

HIGH

STREET[WEST]


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the

flo

sec

high

the

str

be a

loc

hapto h

6.1

A

B


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6.2 MARKET

C

visual connection to walkways abovediffused light coming through gym pods abovewhite painted steel frame allows colours ofmarket to define the spacesteel frame allows traders to hang objects

cinema blackback of site oplots will besmall plots plots at the m

ABC

D

efgh

B


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6.3 EXHIBITION SPACE

A

E

F

G

C

cinema ticket office glows and acts as a beacothe gym pods glow when in use identifying ththere is energy being created within them.the high street lighting leaks into the buildinblurring the buildings boundary.

AB

C


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ground floor

basement


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the circulation space will be external space

that cuts through the centre of the building.

this happens for two reasons; to reduce the

heating load on the building and its energy

consumption by making the circulation space

unheated and open to the elements and also

to continue the theme of breaking down the

boundaries between the building and the high

street. whilst moving through the building

you will feel the wind and elements reminding

you that the building is conceived as an open

structure for the local community that is

one with the high street.

7.1 EXTERNAL SPACE

n

market area

circulation walkways

external space


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at the we

on the f

walkways

end pods

are bars

grown in

be sold

healthy,

convert i

in turn ca

these spa

cinema u

directly

space un

7.3 FO


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A

b

c

i

j

k

def

gh


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the walkways will generate

people pass across them.

of walkway will be support o

pressure pads which will ea

electricity as someone walks

walkway. the pressure pads wil

electric materials which crea

as a mechanical force is app

more information on the techn

pressure pads is included in

systems section of this report

7.5 PRESSURE PADS


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the service runs o

the circulation ro

that the people pa

become part of th

so the circulation

the exposed serv

the energy system

retro fitted with

develop and test t

7.6 EXPOSED

A

E


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B

B

C

C

C

C

G

F

diffuse daylight from the north

daylight enters pods through

translucent kalwall panels

kalwall panels diffuse the light into

the interior of the pods

light from inside pod is diffused into

circulation zone

direct sunlight from south

greenhouse pods heated by solar gain

from direct sunlight from south

mesh walkway between greenhouses onroof acts as solar shade to shade gym

pods below

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

7.7 LIGHTING STRATEGY - DAY


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the circulation spaces will

light tubes to create a low

solution. the lights will be

pressure pads which will

lighting . this means the lig

the movement of people throu

at night creating a visual of t

the lights will be fitted with s

they only light the area of ci

them that the movement is tak

shade will also provide pro

light from the elements as t

is external space. the lights external grade.

the lights will be on a timer w

off after a short period of tim

also be fitted with light sens

not activated by people walk

walkways during the day.

7.8 LIGHTING STRATEGY


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grchemical energy [food]

electrical energy

JUICE

BAR

chemicalenergy>kineticenergy

kineticenergy

>electricalenergy

grownproduce>highenergyjuices

GYMPODS

electrical energy to rest of building

the pods are the main areas of

energy production, there are 3

types of pod in the building; the

greenhouses which are used to

test out growing technologies in

the tight urban environment of the

site, the juice bars that convert

the grown produce into high energy

drinks and food to be consumer by

the users of the gym pods where

the energy they expel is converted

into electrical energy and heat to

power the building.

8.1 ENERGY CELLS


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the diagrams above show the relative

locations of the 3 types of pods

gym pods juice bar pods greenhouse

8.2 PODS KEY


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kalwall is the most highly insulating, diffuse

light-transmitting, structural composite

technology in the world. the company has

perfected a unique composite sandwich

panel that combines controlled, usable,

natural daylight with the ultimate in energy

efficiency. lightweight, shatterproof, and

rapidly installed, kalwall has unrivalled

structural integrity... kalwall can be an

entire freestanding structure.

http://www.kalwall.com/about.htm


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the specification for the gym pods will be

a panel with a high insulation value, low

solar heat gain coefficient and medium light

transmission value [the solar heat gain

coefficient increases with light transmission

so a medium light transmission value with give

a low heat gain coefficient but still provide

the translucent qualities required]

this specification would be a 100mm thick

panel with the white coating to the exterior

face and crystal coating to the interior

face with fibreglass insulation which would

provide a u-value of 0.20 w/m2

k, a lighttransmission value of 18% and heat gain

coefficient of 0.24.

acrylic face sheets impregnated

with pigment

translucent fibreglass insulation

thermally broken aluminium is grid

core

a

b

c


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fram

supe

unde

sect

shap

fram

hole

fram

on t

in th

bracin 3

to t

allo

supe

bearing bracket

restraint bracket

8.6

A

B

B

A


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the

that

day

be a

crea

lighglow

be p

glow

and

link

the

dire

they

so t

pod

wal

so t

in t

ligh

8.7


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the pods w

services w

sections o

modified towill be fitt

both the i

can be at

required.

the servic

and outpu

and ventil

component

arrangeme

the buildin

to be cha

disconnec

plug-in pa

this will a

energy cr

the buildin

8.8 PLU

A

B

C

D


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A

D

E

B

C

the gym pods will be mechanica

to allow greater control than

ventilation system. the pods wispaces heated only by the bod

users and the heated produced

machines.

cool external air, or air from t

cooling system when the

temperature is high, will be ent

low level and will be warmed b

the gym [the average person g

of heat whilst exercising] and

air will be extracted through a

at high level. the extracted a

utilised to heat other parts o

8.9 HEATING & COOLING

mechanical ventilation inlet a

heat produced form bodies an

air warmed by bodies and equwarm air extracted at high le

insulated kalwall panels sto

a

b

cd

e


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the cinema is designed

rest of the building. this all about movement

visualising movement

and the energy creati

linked to it.

the cinema is a place

area of the building t

energy without creati

is effectively the part

leaches off the rest o

the rest of the buildin

and open the cinema is a

the cinema is designed

that hangs within a voi

clad in black to creat

it and the light in the

9.1 HANGING ABO


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the suspended cinema structure w

constructed from a steel shell. steel

strong in tension which is important

designing a hanging structure.

the shell will be made up of a series of

rings constructed from rolled steel se

the roof and floor beams which have a m

span of 8m will be constructed from

deep castellated beams. by cutting a sta

beam to create a castellated beam its d

almost doubled whilst its self weight r

the same. in the hanging structure the we

the structure is very important so a caste

9.2 STRUCTURE - SHELLabcd

600mm castellated steel beam200mm uc rolled steel i sectionsteel c section cross bracing to all bays, except;steel c section symmetrical portal bracing to bays with door openings

A

B C

D


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to suspend the cinema the steel super-

structure of the building will need to be

braced. by cross bracing the bays above the

cinema the third floor structure that spans

across the void that the cinema hangs in

will effectively become a 1 storey deep beam

creating a rigid structure to suspend the

cinema from. a hanging structure will always

have a tendency to swing or displace underforce so the cinema structure, as well as

being hung from the structure above, will

be braced to the structure below to prevent

any movement.

cross

9.3 SUSPENDED WITHIN FRAME

the drawing shows one of the rings that

9.4 STRUCTURE - SUSPENSIONB


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the drawing shows one of the rings that

will create the cinema shell and how it

is suspended within the void in the steel

superstructure. the rings of the cinema

structure will be constructed individually

and hung with the super-structure before

being braced together to create the shell of

the cinema.

each ring will be suspended from three

points from the structure above. the points

of suspension will be on nodes where thebracing of the frame above meets vertical

elements of the steel frame. these will be

the strongest points of the frame where the

loads can be transferred most efficiently.

to match the wedge shaped cinema space the

structure above has been splayed from the

regular grid so that the suspension points

follow the shape of the cinema below.

each ring will be braced to the superstructure

at a lower level to prevent it displacing

under loads.

steel ring section of cinema structure

cross bracing of steel frame super-

structure

bracing node of super-structure

cinema structure connected to super-

structure at nodes

cinema structure braced to super-

structure at low level

A

B

C

D

E

E

A

D

C


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A

D

D

B

C

B

C


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the hall will be

construction, th

internal acoustica

external claddin

will be of a t

decoupled from acoustic suspens

a layer of acous

two building elem

of noise through

a layer of insula

internal timber fr

noise. to further

the external cl

resilient channel

the wall, floor a

clad in fibre ceme

appearance of a s

to contrast the c

building. it will b

facades as it wil

exposed to the el

9.6 EXPLODE

A

B

C

D


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E

G

H

I

J

F


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ABCDEFGHIJKLMN


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LKJIHGFEDCBA


87/106


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eternit natura fibre cement cla

aluminium z resilient fixing ch50mm aluminium channel fixingwaterproof membrane & 18mm w152mm uc steel column5Omm softwood timber studs i

100mm insulation board behin50mm insulation board betwee18mm plywood sheathing to br50mm perforated timber insula480mm castellated steel beam

a

bcdefghijk


89/106

th

a

h

th

tw

th

fr

a

ti

pr

th

h

st

a

a

480mm castellated steel beamresilient channel floor hangetimber joists with integrated h150mm insulation board betwegypsum board22mm tongue and groove plywohardwood timber floor

kLmnopq

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

A B D C K L

H

C

D


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the cinema space will be heated by the body heat

of the users of the gym pods. the air from the gym

pods will be mechanical extracted form the pods

and will be passed through a heat exchange

where it will warm cool fresh air which will then

be mechanically ventilated into the cinema at low

level. stale air will be extracted at high leve

from the cinema.

9.13 HEATING SCHEMATIC

A

BE

F

G

warm air extracted for gym pods

warm air from gym pods ducted to heat

exchange unit in basement

high level extract duct for exhaust air

from gym pods after it passes through heat

exchanger

high level inlet for fresh air

cool external air passes through hea

exchanger where it is warmed by the warm ai

extracted from the gym pods

warmed air enters cinema at low leve

providing the space heating

stale air extracted from the cinema at hig

levelexhaust air outlet for stale cinema air.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

warm air routes

external air inlet

exhaust air outlet


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9.15 HALL VENTILATION - COOLING


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realistically the hall should only need to be heated for short

periods of time, once it is filled with over 100 people their combined

body heat should keep the space at a warm temperature. the cooling

system will be used to stop the cinema overheating when it is filled

with people.

when the external air temperature is lower than the required

comfort temperature inside the building [17o - 20o] then fresh

outside air can be ventilated into the cinema space to reduce the

internal temperature. this will be ventilated at different speedsdepending on the relative temperatures of the external air and the

internal environment - if the external air temperature is very low

and the hall is not at full capacity the air change in the hall will

be lower than if the external air temperature is higher and the hall

is at capacity.

cooling with external air evaporative cooling

when the external air temperature is higher or very simila

temperature of the cinema then cooling using untreated

not be possible. the building will use an evaporative coo

adds a mist of water vapour to the external air before it en

the water vapour takes some of the heat out of the air

then cool air enters the cinema to cool the space. the sy

like the human body uses sweat to cool down, as the s

from the body it removes heat from the surface of the s

fits with the overall concept of the building which takes

production from the movement and interaction of the huit [more information on evaporative cooling is contain

systems section of this report]. the high level extract

as it is warmed in the space and ensures a sufficient air

moisture in the air building up in the space.

9.16 PART M


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access to the cinema spac

points, one at first floo

bottom of the seating rak

the cinema and the other a

cinema into the top row

floor is accessible by the l

and two ambulant disabled

part m of the building reg

the requirement for whee

auditorium spaces. in aud

up to 600 people the req

1% [rounded up to a who

seating is given over to wh

the cinema seats 125 peopl

spaces will be required. pa

that where this number is l

must be a sufficient numb

seats so that the numbe

spaces can be increased to

wheelchair spaces are 900

removable sea

permanent whe

9.16 PART M


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10.1 THE BODY


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on a daily basis our average daily intake

of energy is between 7030 - 10250 kj

[1680 - 2450 kcal]. we use this to maintain

passive bodily functions such as breathing

, for physical activity and for growth and

repair of our tissues. energy is never lost

or created, it is just transferred between

different mediums so the energy we take in

must be expelled by the body.

the body converts the chemical energy taken

on as food into sound, heat and kinetic

energy. this building aims to harness some of

the energy expelled by the body and convert

it into useful energy to power and heat the

building.

a body heat

the body gives off two kinds of heat, radiated

heat and sweat. sweat is hard to capture

and would require a lot of energy to do so

making it an inefficient system. radiated heat

however can be used to heat spaces and the

air within them. the air it heats can be moved

around a building via ducts to heat other

spaces.

a human body at rest gives of about 100wof power, whilst a body working out will give

off three times the amount, 300w.

b breathing

masks have been developed that convert the

wind energy from heavy breathing during

exercise into electrical energy. it is the

equivalent of a small scale wind farm.

c motor movements

the kinetic energy involved in the motor

movements of the human body can be used to

create movement in other objects and that

movement can be converted into electrical

energy using dynamos and piezo electrics.

d biomass

the waste products of the body can be

burned or decomposed, giving off heat

which can be utilised in energy systems of

buildings. however in a tight urban site the

burning or decomposition of solid waste is

not practical due to space requirements and

the associated smells.

it is possible to produce electricity through

the electrolysis of urine and the waste

products of this process are potassium and

nitrogen which can be used as fertilisers.

A

C

a

bcd

body heat - radiated and sweat

breathing - windmotor movements - kineticbiomass - chemical


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10.2 environmental overview

market/exhibition spaces

exposed area open to the hinaturally ventilated, daylit by open sides and difcoming through pods above.lighting powered by pavegenglowing pods above.

circulation

unheated external space opabove, natural ventilated, lit by diffuse light comingpods, night lighting poweractivated by pressure padwalkway structure.

gym pods

sealed insulated units. hbody heat of gym users. comechanical ventilation and ecooling system. hot air cthe pods is passed througexchanger to heat the cinediffuse light through kalwaduring the day and led liactivated by motion sensorsspecialist gym equipment andcomponents generate electr

cinemasealed insulated box, structure acoustically from external shell. black led lighting before and afpowered by electricity prthe gym. heated by body heagym. cooled by mechanical vand evaporative cooling sys


97/106

10.3 PA

pavegen

footsteps

walks ove

energy is

that can b

each pa

luminaire

someone the user w

process a

footfall t

the pads

existing f

in standa

upper par

100% rec

of the lo

componen

recycled

well in bo

environme


98/106

pavegen pa

floor mar

is funnell

on heavily

pavement,

and betwe

footflow t

will be har

will provilighting sy

10.4 PAV

n

prop

1


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grp mesh walkway

galvanised steel c section walkway supportssteel bearing pad bolted to;

walkway support pressure pad

piezo electric material

pressure pad bolted to steel superstructure

electricity output

sensor output for lighting

force of footfall over walkway

force causes pressure pad to compresspiezo electric material is compressed creating

a current within the material

electricity output to battery store

sensor activates lighting at night

a

bc

d

e

f

g

h

1

23

4

5

A

2

b

c

d

e

3

fg 4

h


100/106

through the use of dynamos

to capture the energy of a

workout. most gym equipment is

rotating or oscillating part

well with dynamos. These dy

attached to a battery which is

the electricity for later use.

a dynamo uses rotating coil

magnetic fields to conver

rotation into a pulsing d

current through faradays la

a dynamo machine consists o

structure, called the stator,

a constant magnetic field,

rotating coils called the a

turn within that field. the moti

within the magnetic field caus

push on the electrons in the m

an electric current in the wire

http://en.wikipedia

10.6 GREEN GYM - PRECEDENT

the quoted energy consumption per square

foot per hour of assembly buildings is;

20.5 btu

1 btu = 1055 joules

therefore

the following calculations are a comparison

between the energy that can be produced by

exercise equipment fitted with a dynamo in the

gym pods and the required energy to power the

cinema

the energy requirement for A standard building of

thistypecan beroughlycalculatedfromavailable

the cinema would only be in use for a few hours

when a film is showing, so this requirement will o

over a short period of time.

energy production in the gym:

during a hard workout one human is capa

producing 120 watts

10.7 ENERGY CALCULATIONS


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therefore,

20.5 btu = 21627.5 joules

to convert this to power [watts] we can use;

power [watts] = energy [joules]/time

[seconds]

power = 21627.5/3600

power = 6w per square foot

converted to square metres this is;

65w per square metre

using the energy administration information

data the performance venue will require 65w

of electrical power per square metre of the

building.

the areas of the cinemA is:

90 sqm

the total power requirement of the cinema

would be:

5,850 watts

this type can be roughly calculated from available

statistics of energy use by building type available

from the energy information administration;

commercial buildings energy consumption survey

1999 in the usa.

the survey provides information on energy

consumption per square foot per hour for multiple

building types.

to calculate the amount of energy used by thecinema i will use the statistics for public assembly

buildings.

producing 120 watts.

this means that the number of hours exercise re

to create the 5,850 watts of energy required

cinema for one hour is:

49 hours.

the cinema seats 126 people so at full capacity

person using the cinema provided energy by us

gym they would each only have to do:

23 minutes of exercise per hour

if the cinema is open for 3 hours [allowing 2 hou

a film and an hour for opening and closing] t

power it for the entire time each person will need

69 minutes of exercise

so the audience will get to see a 2 hour film in tu

just over an hours workout.

if two films are shown in the cinema per day the

will be open for 6 hours meaning to obtain its

requirement the number of hours exercise in t

will need to be:

294 hours

cyclic motion & continuous

generation

cyclic motion & generative

braking

cyclic motion

limb continually

accelerates [+} &

decelerates [-}

generator resists

acceleration & assists

deceleration

generator only assists

deceleration

many devices take advantage of human power capaci

produce electricity, including hand-crank generas well as wind-up flashlights, radios, and mobile p

chargers. a limitation of these conventional methods is

users must focus their attention on power generati

the expense of other activities, typically resulting in s

bouts of generation. for electrical power generation

longer durations, it would be desirable to harvest e

from everyday activities such as walking.

max donelan, professor of kinesiology, simon fraser univ


102/106

workrate

workrate

workrate

electricpower

energy

metabolic metabolic metabolicelectric electric

add

itionalenergy

add

itionalenergy

electricpower

electricpower

+

-

researchers from simon fraser university in b

columbia have developed a device which, worn much l

knee support, generates electricity from the natural m

of walking. the device harvests energy from the end

walkers step, when the muscles are working to slo

movement of the leg, the biomechanical energy harv

uses sensors and a real-time control system to assis

hamstring muscles in slowing the knee motion. the sy

only turns on power generation at the end of the wal

swing phase.

the aluminium chassis contains a gear train convertin

velocity and high torque at the knee into the high vel

and low torque for the generator A one-way roller c

allows for selective engagement of the gear train d

knee extension only and no engagement during knee fl


wearing a device on each leg, an individual can gene

up to 5 watts of electricity with normal physical ef

walking quickly, however, generates as much as 13 watt

that rate, when the energy is stored in a battery, one m

of walking time could provide enough electricity to su

30 minutes of talk-time on a mobile phone.

people are an excellent source of portable powe

average-sized person stores as much energy in fat

1,000 kg battery. people recharge their body batte

with food and, lucky for us, there is about as much u

energy in a 35-gram granola bar as in a 3.5 kg lithiu

battery.


the device comprises an aluminium chassis and gener

mounted on a customized orthopaedic knee brace. with

worn on each leg, its total mass is 1.6 kg but the devel

are working on using lighter weight materials, suc

carbon fibre to bring this down.

10.9 MAS


103/106

a brazilian

aire mask,

that contain

powered by

most effect

due to the h

be used whe

designed to

to charge thpower outpu

into the gym

on the equ

applications

the opportu

means they

space for

energy while

issues of hy

a system cou

member is is

they then at

it.

10.10 URINE ELECTROLYSIS & HYDROGEN FUEL


104/106

us researchers have developed an efficient

way of producing hydrogen from urine - a

feat that could not only fuel the cars of

the future, but could also help clean up

municipal wastewater.

using hydrogen to power cars has become an

increasingly attractive transportation fuel,

as the only emission produced is water - but a

major stumbling block is the lack of a cheap,

renewable source of the fuel. gerardine

botte of ohio university may now have found

the answer, using an electrolytic approach

to produce hydrogen from urine - the most

abundant waste on earth - at a fraction of

the cost of producing hydrogen from water.

royal society of chemistry, http://www.rsc.org,

july 2009

the process of electrolysis of urine

releases hydrogen atoms which can then be

captured and burnt in a combustion chamber

to produce large amounts of energy. the use

of hydrogen fuel has already bee proven

by its use as a fuel for vehicles. burning

of hydrogen can produce large amounts of

energy which can be converted into electrical

energy to power the building.

hydrogen has to be produced in its elemental

state from its compounds that occur natural.

the most common processes to obtain

hydrogen are the electrolysis of water

which requires relatively large amounts of

energy to be input and the steam reforming

of methane but this process produces both

carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide which

are harmful to the environment.

the electrolysis of urine has been developed

in the past few years and is being identified

as a more efficient and environmentally

friendly process for creating hydrogen.

the main component of urine

contains four hydrogen m

important factor in urea is tha

molecules are bond less st

water meaning less energy is

input into the electrolysis p

the electrolysis of water.

during the electrolysis procnickel based electrodes. dur

hydrogen is given off at the

can be collected and burn

electricity. carbon dioxide is p

the reaction but this reacts

hydroxide in the electrolyt

produce potassium carbonat

products are nitrogen and

both occur naturally in the a

urine also contains phosphor

as a fertiliser, once the el

been completed the phosphor

solution can be used as a f

greenhouses.

the heating system of using

collected in the gym and a heat

has already been discussed in pre

10.11 COOLING

f


105/106

has already been discussed in pre

of this report.

when the outside air temperatur

than the inside air temperature

air will be mechanically ventilat

gym and cinema spaces to pro

cooling but when the outside air t

is similar or high than the requir

comfort level than another sysused.

the ventilation system will use e

cooling to effectively sweat whe

high external air temperature. th

the action of the human body, wh

to cool down we sweat and in t

of evaporating it extracts heat

surface of our skin.

an evaporative cooling system

passing the external air through

moist filter pads, as the water i

evaporates it takes heat from the a

its temperature. this air then

building at a lower temperature

the required cooling.

warm external air drawn in mechanically

warm air passes through moist filter pads

evaporative process removes heat from the air

filter pads remove dust and pollen particles

cooled air enters internal spaces at low level

high level mechanical extract draws moist air out

of the building

a

b

c

d

e

f

ab

C

d

e

10.12 FIR

the cinema


106/106

fire rated

corridor p

is accesse

rooms. the

fire rated

smoke ven

basement a

the grouncirculation

path to ri

all the cir

the buildin

walkways w

retains its

mesh. to p

gym pods

where poss

perimeter

space. eac

are constr

shatter wh

all the st

required p

1 hour fire rated construction

smoke ventilation

Documents

Design and Detail Report