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Inorganic Chemistry
• One of the three Descriptive Chemistries:– Organic Chemistry– Biochemistry– Inorganic Chemistry
Theoretical and Practical Chemistries: Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry: Chemistry for the rest of the elements.
Inorganic Chemistry
• Transition metal chemistry:– Metal-ligand complexes
Main group and metal-based materials science
Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry Chapter 2: Figure 2.2
© 2009 W.H. Freeman
First Assignment:
Find the best periodictable website. Bring URL and list of why youthink it is the best (andany drawbacks).
Hand in paper at startof class Friday.
Official StuffCourse Website: http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/chem241/
Syllabus
First Topic
Where do all these elements come from?
How are they made?
Are they made?
Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry Chapter 2: Figure 2.6
© 2009 W.H. Freeman
What aspects of this should we explain?
What will our explanations depend on?
Thermodynamics: relative stability
Kinetics: rate and mechanism
General Decrease in Abundance with Atomic Number
Even > Odd
Peak at Fe
Peak at Pb
Trough at Be
Missing Tc and Pm and Above N = 83
Nuclear equations
Nucleosynthesis of the Elements
Hydrogen Burning
1H + 1H 2H + e+ + ve
2H + 1H 3He +
3He + 3He 4He +21H
Why does this happen only in stars?
41H 4He + 2e+ + 2ve
Nucleosynthesis of the ElementsCNO Catalytic Cycle for Hydrogen Burning
Greenwood and Earnshaw, Chemistryof the Elements, 2nd Ed.
Helium Burning
4He +4He 8Be8Be + 4He 12C* 12C +
3 4He 12C +
Is this easier or harder than hydrogenburning?
Carbon Burning, etc.
12C + 4He 16O + 16O + 4He 20Ne + 20Ne + 4He 24Mg + 12C + 12C 24Mg + 12C + 12C 23Na + 1H12C + 12C 20Ne + 4He
Go back to initial Questions. Can weanswer any?
The -Process
20Ne + 16O + 4He
20Ne + 4He 24Mg +
2 20Ne 16O + 24Mg +
40Ca + 4He 44Ti* + 44Ti* + e- 44Sc* + v+
44Sc* 44Ca + + + v+
44Ca + 4He 48Ti +
Neutron Capture-Beta Decay
65 6629 29
66 6629 30
66 6730 30
67 6830 30
68 6930 30
69 6930 31
69 7031 31
70 7031 32
Cu n Cu
Cu Zn
Zn n Zn
Zn n Zn
Zn n Zn
Zn Ga
Ga n Ga
Ga Ge
B
B
B
Neutron Capture-Beta Decay: r- vs. s-process
s-process: neutron capture is slower than beta decay, forming nuclei lighter than the lightest unstable isotope
The slower the absorption of n’s, the more abundant the element(Y-89 and Zr-90, Ba-138 and Ce-140, Pb-208 and Bi-209) have #n = magic numbers 50, 82, and 126.
r-process (during a supernova): neutron capture is very rapid, forming nuclei with many more neutrons than the lightest stable isotope
Greenwood and Earnshaw, Chemistryof the Elements, 2nd Ed.
Greenwood and Earnshaw, Chemistryof the Elements, 2nd Ed.
