Degrees of comparisonDegrees of comparison(Adjectives)(Adjectives)

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There was an old man namedThere was an old man namedRama in Mysore .He was a poor farmer. He had threelazy sonslazy sons.But all of them were strong andhealthy young men.

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This worried and saddened theold man.The worried old man got anThe worried old man got anidea.

He called his sons and said, “ Ihave hidden a treasure in ourfarm land.farm land.

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Go, find and share the treasureamong you”.The over joyed sons started to turnThe over joyed sons started to turneach nook and corner of the fieldbut didn’t find anything. They weredisappointed.disappointed.

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Their father said to them, “ Youhave ploughed the field why nothave ploughed the field, why notsow a crop.” The sons agreed.Soon the crops grew lushly green.Th f th id t th “ ThiThe father said to the sons, “ Thisis the treasure I wanted you toyshare.”

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The delighted sons thanked theirgloving father.

W th t f itf it ff h dh d kkWe see that fruitsfruits ofof hardhard workworkare always sweet.y

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OldOldPoorPoor

WorriedS dd d

Farmer/manSaddenedLovingLoving

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LazyStrongHealthy

SonsHealthyDelighted

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h d ld d dd dThese words old, poor, worried, Saddened, Strong, healthy,  delighted  lazy, loving, lushly, green ‐ Adjectives

They tell us something about the Nounman or farmer, son and crop.man or farmer, son and crop.

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The form of an adjective is often jchanged to show the  extent  or degree of  quality present in  a degree of  quality present in  a person or thing.This change in form to show the difference in level is called difference in level is called Comparison.

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ExampleOld            older oldestStrong        stronger strongestH lth       h lthi h lthi tHealthy      healthier healthiestLoving        more loving most lovingLoving        more loving most loving

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Forms of Adjectives

1 Positive1. Positive2 Comparative‐ er2. Comparative er3 Superlative‐ est3. Superlative est

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Fast - faster – the fastest

fast fasterthe fastest

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Large - larger - the largest

large larger the largest

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the higher

the highest

high

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QUICK QUICKER theQUICKEST

Quick Quicker Quickest

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TALL                           TALLER TALLEST

TALL                       TALLER TALLESTTALL                       TALLER TALLEST

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Fat – fatter – the fattest

fat fatter the fattest

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Big - bigger - the biggest

big bigger the biggestg b gg b gg

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1. My grandmother has a ____house.2. The girl wore a ____dress.3 I wrote a   letter3. I wrote a ____ letter.4. My mother is a ____woman.5. An elephant is a _____animal.

[ Huge  beautiful  Big  Long  Pretty ][ Huge, beautiful, Big, Long, Pretty ]

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Happy – Happier – The Happiestppy pp pp

happy happier the happiest

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Ugly – uglier – the ugliest

ugly uglier the ugliest

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Match the followingComparativeAdjective

Positive Adjectiveg

Adjective

1 Dry 1. Prettier1. Dry2. Easy 2. Drier

3 Lovelier3. Pretty4. Lovely

3. Lovelier4. Easier4. Lovely

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more beautifulb tif l more beautifulbeautiful

the most beautifulthe most beautiful

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Expensive – more expensive – themost expensivemost expensive

morethe most

i

i

moreexpensive

expensive

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expensive

DANGEROUS    MORE DANGEROUS      THE MOST DANGEROUS

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Terrible - more terrible - the most terrible

terrible moreterrible

the most terrible

terrible

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b

Little – less the leastLittle less the least

little less the least

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B d h Bad – worse – the worst

bad worse the worst

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Irregular Adjectives

Positive Comparative Superlative

• Good • Better • Best• Bad• Little

• Worse• Less

• Worst• Least

• Old• Many/MuchL

• Elder• More

• Eldest• MostL

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• Late • Later • Latest

Kinds of degrees Kinds of degrees of comparison

Superlative Degree

Positive  Degree

Comparative Degree

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The rabbit is a cute animal.

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A Giraffe  has  a long neckA Giraffe  has  a long neckVIKASANA BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 33

Elephant is a huge animalElephant is a huge animal34

In these sentences the nouns RabbitIn these sentences the nouns Rabbit,

Giraffe and the Elephant have oneGiraffe and the Elephant have one

quality above averagequality above average.

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Positive  DegreePositive  Degree

Degree of Inequality

Degree of Equality q yq y

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Positive degree is used to 

hi hi hcompare two things which are 

equal in status / same qualityequal in status / same quality.

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EqualEqual

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Degree of EqualityDegree of Equality

Joyce is as pretty as her twin Jean.

Jean is as intelligent as Joyce.

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Note: Here the adjective inNote: Here the adjective   in

positive form is usedpositive  form is used 

with conjunction j

as ‐‐‐as

to express  equality.

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1 An apple is as delicious as an orange1. An apple is as delicious as an orange.

2.    Silver is as expensive as gold.

3.    Anna  is as rich as Tina.

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Complete the following sentences1. Few historians write as-------- as Macaulay.

(well / better / best )( )

2. Very few books are as -------as Shakespeare`s y pdramas.( popular / more popular / most popular)

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3. Hercules   is as‐‐‐‐‐‐‐as  Atlas.                3. Hercules   is as as  Atlas.                (strong/stronger/strongest)

4  Vani is as as  Rani  4. Vani is as‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐as  Rani. (Intelligent/more intelligent/ most 

)intelligent)

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Positive degree is also used toPositive degree is also used tocompare two things which are notequal & do not have same status.

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TEENA     U l   REENATEENA     Unequal   REENA

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Degree of inequality

Teena is not so tall as herTeena is not so tall as herfriend Reenafriend Reena.

Teena is not so  beautiful as Teena is not so  beautiful as Reena.

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Note: Here the adjective inNote:     Here  the adjective in

positive form  is joined

with the conjunction  not so‐‐‐‐‐as to t t e co ju ct o ot so as to

inequalityinequalityexpress  inequalityinequality.48

1, Gold is not so useful as Iron.

2 Hindi is not so difficult as Sanskrit2.Hindi is not so difficult as Sanskrit.

3. The city bus is not so crowded as it was yesterday3. The city bus is not so crowded as it was yesterday

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ExampleGold is not so ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ as Iron.(useful/ more useful/most useful)

English is not so ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ as  Malayalam.( difficult/ more difficult / most difficult )

Sheeba was not so ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐as Solomon.(wise/ wiser/ wisest)

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Comparative degree

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Who is faster / slower?

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E lExample

Th  li  i  f t  th  th  The lion is faster than the tortoise.The tortoise is slower than the lion.

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Which is smaller / riper ?p

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E lExampleThe green apple is smaller than  The green apple is smaller than  the red one.

h d l h hThe red apple  is riper than the green onegreen one.

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Which is cheaper / more expensive ?

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ExampleExample

The cycle is cheaper than  the The cycle is cheaper than  the car.

The car is more expensive than the cycle.

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Comparative degree of p gcomparison

The  adjective of comparative isused to show the wide differenceb hbetween two things.

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Example

River Nile in Africa is longer than river Ganga in Indiathan river Ganga in India.

The peaks of Himalayas are hi h  th      th  higher than  any other mountain peaks in Indiamountain peaks in India.

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Cricket is more popular thanCricket is more popular thanHockeyy

Hotel Taj is bigger than Hotel Meridian in MumbaiMeridian in Mumbai.

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Note:Here the adjectives of comparativedegree are followed by “than”,thus this kind of comparison isthus this kind of comparison iscalled Comparative degree.

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1. Gold is ___than silver. (more precious/ mostprecious)precious)

2. Dog is _____ than man. (more faithful/ mostfaithful)faithful)

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Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct   form  of  adjectives.Milk is  than any other Milk is ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐than any other food.

Shimla is ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐than most other hill station in Indiahill station in India.

[modern/useful/nutritious/famous]63

My brother works in an office building which is   ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐than ours.which is    than ours.

Iron is ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ than silver in the world.

( modern/ useful/ nutritious/ famous )

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Superlative degree of comparison

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Mt. Everest is the highest peak in the Mt. Everest is the highest peak in the world.

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F t Faste the  FastestFast Faster

the  Fastest

An Aeroplane is the fastest An Aeroplane is the fastest mode of transportation.

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These flowers are beautiful.

This flower is more beautiful than the pink ones.

Rose is the most beautiful flower.

John is a strongmanJohn is a strongman.

Peter is stronger Peter is stronger than John.

Brown is the strongest   f  llman of all.

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Superlative degree of p gcomparisonThis Superlative adjective is used  h   h           hi  to show that a person or a thing 

has the best or the worst of has the best or the worst of quality.

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NOTE:Here the adjective in  superlativeHere the adjective in  superlative

hdegree is preceded by the, thus 

such sentences are said to be in

Superlative degree .

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ExampleExample

John is the tallest boy in the John is the tallest boy in the class.

Mr. Rao is the most honest employee in this office  employee in this office. 

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India is  the most populous country in the worldin the world.

Today is the warmest day  of this monthmonth.

The Humming bird is the smallest bi d i   h   ldbird in the world.

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1. Mahatma Gandhi was the ____ leader of our times.( more popular/ most popular)more popular/ most popular)

2. Mango juice is the ____ drink. ( more delicious/ most delicious)

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Change the following sentences into superlative degreesinto superlative degrees

Roopa is more generous than her family membersmembers.Roopa is the most generous girl in her family.

The planet Jupiter  is bigger than the Earth.Jupiter  is  the  biggest planet in the solar systemJupiter  is  the  biggest planet in the solar system.

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This is a very costly Necklace.This  necklace is the costliest one.

Fox  is  a cunning animal.Fox is the most cunning animal in the world

Cheetah is a swift runner.Cheetah is the swiftest  animal in the animal kingdom.

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Identify the errory

1.  This is one of /the most /interesting book/ I have / ever readread.

2.  No girl / in her troupe  is / so i h l    /   d hsprightly as / your daughter.

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3  No river/ in the world evokes/ 3. No river/ in the world evokes/ such awe and reverence /as the GGanges.

4. Krishnan is / more intelligent than/ any student / of this classthan/ any student / of this class.

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 R j t  lk  /  h th  / 5. Raju cannot walk  / much than / two miles / at a stretch.

d f h6. India is/ one of the most/ developing  country/ in the world.de e op g cou t y/ t e o d.

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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