Death penalty in Death penalty in different countriesdifferent countries

Made by:Made by:

Karolis RamašauskasKarolis Ramašauskas

Edvinas ŠatasEdvinas Šatas

Lukas ValauskasLukas Valauskas

Edgar LukaševičEdgar Lukaševič

Akvilė UbeikaitėAkvilė Ubeikaitė

Donatas MisiūnasDonatas Misiūnas

Death penaltyDeath penalty

Code of HammurabiCode of Hammurabi

The earliest The earliest ccodeode

DDifferent ifferent punishment and punishment and compensation compensation according to the according to the different different class/group class/group

Athenian legal systemAthenian legal system

Written by DracoWritten by Draco

Death penalty Death penalty used for wide used for wide range of crimesrange of crimes

Methods of execution Methods of execution

BBeheading, eheading,

EElectric chair, lectric chair,

GGas chamber, as chamber,

HHanging,anging,

LLethalethal injection,injection,

SShooting. hooting.

Historical penaltiesHistorical penalties

BBreaking wheel, reaking wheel, boiling to death, boiling to death, flaying, slow slicing, flaying, slow slicing, disembowelment, disembowelment, crucifixion, crucifixion, impalement, crushing impalement, crushing (including crushing (including crushing by elephant), stoning, by elephant), stoning, dismemberment, dismemberment, sawing, decapitation, sawing, decapitation, or blowing from a or blowing from a gungun..

Death penalties in Death penalties in countries:countries:

Russia/BelarusRussia/Belarus

Capital Capital punishment in punishment in United StatesUnited States

ThesisThesis

In the past, the government has In the past, the government has regulated the use of the death regulated the use of the death penalty in the United States. penalty in the United States.

Presently, the individual states Presently, the individual states decide if the death penalty should be decide if the death penalty should be used. used.

In the future, the death penalty In the future, the death penalty should be legal and used in all fifty should be legal and used in all fifty states.states.

PastPast The death penalty was The death penalty was

first introduced in first introduced in America in 1608.America in 1608.

In colonial times In colonial times people first began to people first began to speak out against speak out against capital punishment.capital punishment.

In 1890 the electric In 1890 the electric chair was used for the chair was used for the first time.first time.

Some states Some states implemented capital implemented capital punishment while punishment while others did not.others did not.

Past Past

In 1972, Supreme In 1972, Supreme Court heard the Court heard the case of Furman v. case of Furman v. Georgia.Georgia.

Capital Capital punishment was punishment was suspended.suspended.

PastPast

To get around To get around Furman v. Georgia, Furman v. Georgia, states rewrote states rewrote statutes.statutes.

In 1976, the In 1976, the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled through ruled through Gregg v. Georgia Gregg v. Georgia that the death that the death penalty was legal.penalty was legal.

PresentPresent

Once declared constitutional, it was up to Once declared constitutional, it was up to the individual state whether they wanted the individual state whether they wanted to use capital punishment.to use capital punishment.

In 1989, the Supreme Court ruled through In 1989, the Supreme Court ruled through Stanford v. Kentucky that minors could be Stanford v. Kentucky that minors could be executed.executed.

The same year, the Supreme Court ruled The same year, the Supreme Court ruled through Penry v. Lynaugh that mentally through Penry v. Lynaugh that mentally challenged people could be sentenced to challenged people could be sentenced to death.death.

PresentPresent

Currently, 36 Currently, 36 states use capital states use capital punishment.punishment.

FutureFuture

In the future, the In the future, the death penalty death penalty should be should be mandatory in all 50 mandatory in all 50 states.states.

It deters criminals It deters criminals from committing from committing crimes.crimes.

FutureFuture Capital Punishment is the Capital Punishment is the

only thing that can stop only thing that can stop criminals from criminals from committing crimes.committing crimes.

If sentenced to life If sentenced to life without parole, criminals without parole, criminals have no incentive to not have no incentive to not murder.murder.

““Assaults in prisons all Assaults in prisons all over the US, both against over the US, both against fellow inmates and fellow inmates and against staff, have more against staff, have more than doubled in the past than doubled in the past decade.”-Criminal Justice decade.”-Criminal Justice Institute, Middletown, Institute, Middletown, Connecticut.Connecticut.

FutureFuture With all the work and With all the work and

extra care that is put extra care that is put into cases of people up into cases of people up for the death penalty, for the death penalty, there is very little there is very little chance that an innocent chance that an innocent person will be wrongly person will be wrongly sentenced.sentenced.

Capital punishment Capital punishment isn’t cruel and unusual isn’t cruel and unusual punishment, life punishment, life sentence without parole sentence without parole is though.is though.

FutureFuture The laws that specify what The laws that specify what

crimes are worthy of the crimes are worthy of the death penalty should be death penalty should be clear and unchanging.clear and unchanging.

Murder, rape resulting in Murder, rape resulting in death, and rape of a minor death, and rape of a minor are three crimes that are are three crimes that are worthy of the death worthy of the death penalty.penalty.

The right to appeal should The right to appeal should be limited to special cases. be limited to special cases. There are too many There are too many people sitting on death people sitting on death row because they are row because they are waiting for an appeal.waiting for an appeal.

The only method of capital The only method of capital punishment should be punishment should be lethal injection.lethal injection.

ConclusionConclusion The death penalty has been a very The death penalty has been a very

controversial issue through the decades.controversial issue through the decades. Capital punishment is the only effective Capital punishment is the only effective

way to deter crime.way to deter crime. The Federal government has regulated The Federal government has regulated

the use of the death penalty in the past.the use of the death penalty in the past. Now it is up to the individual state Now it is up to the individual state

whether they want to use it.whether they want to use it. In the future, it should be mandatory In the future, it should be mandatory

throughout the entire country.throughout the entire country.

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(29%) maintain the (29%) maintain the deathdeath penaltypenalty in both law and in both law and practice. practice.

(49%) have abolished it.(49%) have abolished it. (5%) retain it for crimes committed in exceptional (5%) retain it for crimes committed in exceptional

circumstances (such as in time of war). circumstances (such as in time of war). (17%) permit its use for ordinary crimes, but have (17%) permit its use for ordinary crimes, but have

not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions, or it is under a carrying out executions, or it is under a moratorium.moratorium.

2010 - The following 23 countries carried out or are 2010 - The following 23 countries carried out or are believed by Amnesty International to have carried out believed by Amnesty International to have carried out executions in 2010: Bahrain (1), Bangladesh (9+), Belarus executions in 2010: Bahrain (1), Bangladesh (9+), Belarus (2), Botswana (1), China (2000+), Egypt (4), Equatorial (2), Botswana (1), China (2000+), Egypt (4), Equatorial Guinea (4), Iran (252+), Iraq (1+), Japan (2), Libya (18+), Guinea (4), Iran (252+), Iraq (1+), Japan (2), Libya (18+), Malaysia (1+), North Korea (60+), Palestinian Authority Malaysia (1+), North Korea (60+), Palestinian Authority (5), Saudi Arabia (27+), Singapore (0+), Somalia (8+), (5), Saudi Arabia (27+), Singapore (0+), Somalia (8+), Sudan (6+), Syria (17+), Taiwan (4), USA (46), Vietnam Sudan (6+), Syria (17+), Taiwan (4), USA (46), Vietnam (0+), Yemen (53+).(0+), Yemen (53+).

2011 - Following 9 countries during 2011: Bangladesh, 2011 - Following 9 countries during 2011: Bangladesh, China, Iran, North Korea, the Palestinian Authority, Saudi China, Iran, North Korea, the Palestinian Authority, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, USA.Arabia, Somalia, USA.

In Thailand, the law prescribes the In Thailand, the law prescribes the death penalty for carrying category I death penalty for carrying category I narcotics (heroin) "for the purpose of narcotics (heroin) "for the purpose of disposal". The death penalty for drug disposal". The death penalty for drug trafficking has not been imposed since trafficking has not been imposed since 2004, but rehabilitation counselling is 2004, but rehabilitation counselling is often imposed on convicted drug users.often imposed on convicted drug users.

Thailand entered a reservation to Thailand entered a reservation to Article 6 of the ICCPR, stating that it Article 6 of the ICCPR, stating that it is theoretically possible for a 17 year is theoretically possible for a 17 year old to be executed under the Penal old to be executed under the Penal Code, but that a court has the Code, but that a court has the discretion not to impose such a discretion not to impose such a sentence.sentence.

between 1994 and 2003, Thailand between 1994 and 2003, Thailand executed 48 peopleexecuted 48 people

In 2010 the total number of those In 2010 the total number of those under sentence of death numbered under sentence of death numbered 708. The uncrease to 759 is 708. The uncrease to 759 is consistent with the 53 reported consistent with the 53 reported death sentences in the last year.death sentences in the last year.

. . ThailandThailand has a death penalty for serious drug has a death penalty for serious drug offenses and has executed convicted traffickers. offenses and has executed convicted traffickers.

DeathDeath penaltypenalty for regicide; sedition or for regicide; sedition or rebellion; offences committed against the rebellion; offences committed against the external security of external security of ThailandThailand; murder or ; murder or attempted murder of a foreign head of state; attempted murder of a foreign head of state; bribery; arson; rape; murder with intent; bribery; arson; rape; murder with intent; kidnapping; robbery resulting in kidnapping; robbery resulting in deathdeath

Death penalty inDeath penalty inLithuaniaLithuania

LITHUANIALITHUANIA - Abolitionist - AbolitionistGovernment:Government:  parliamentary democracy  parliamentary democracyState of civil and political rights:State of civil and political rights:  Free  FreeConstitution:Constitution:  25 October 1992, last amended 13 July   25 October 1992, last amended 13 July 20042004Legal System:Legal System: based on civil law system based on civil law systemLegislative System:Legislative System: Unicameral Parliament (Seimas) Unicameral Parliament (Seimas)Judicial System:Judicial System: Constitutional Court; Supreme Court;  Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the PresidentPresidentReligion:Religion: Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%,  Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant 1.9%, otherProtestant 1.9%, other

Executions of death penalty Executions of death penalty in Lithuania was started in 1992. The in Lithuania was started in 1992. The last executed person, in July 1995, last executed person, in July 1995, was Lithuanian Mafia boss Boris was Lithuanian Mafia boss Boris Dekanidze, for complicity in the Dekanidze, for complicity in the murder of a journalist. A legal murder of a journalist. A legal moratorium on executions was moratorium on executions was established in 1996, following a established in 1996, following a presidential decree. Lithuania presidential decree. Lithuania abolished the death penalty for all abolished the death penalty for all crimes in 1998 after the Lithuanian crimes in 1998 after the Lithuanian Constitutional Court, on December 9, Constitutional Court, on December 9, held that the provisions of the held that the provisions of the Criminal Code on the death penalty Criminal Code on the death penalty were unconstitutional. were unconstitutional. From Independence to the suspension From Independence to the suspension of the death penalty seven inmates of the death penalty seven inmates was executed by shooting them down.was executed by shooting them down.

Inmates who Inmates who were executed by were executed by death death sentencesentence

1992 August 8 - Aleksandras Novatkis1992 August 8 - Aleksandras Novatkis

1993 December 12, - Vladimiras Ivanovas1993 December 12, - Vladimiras Ivanovas

1993 December 12, - Valentinas Laskys1993 December 12, - Valentinas Laskys

1994 January 27, - Vidmantas Žibaitis1994 January 27, - Vidmantas Žibaitis

1994 September 28, - Antanas Varnelis1994 September 28, - Antanas Varnelis

1995 May 18, - Aleksandras Gudkovas1995 May 18, - Aleksandras Gudkovas

1995 12 July - Boris Dekanidzė1995 12 July - Boris Dekanidzė

Aleksandras Novatkis Aleksandras Novatkis

He was the first inmate who was executed He was the first inmate who was executed in independent Lithuania. On 1991 in independent Lithuania. On 1991 September 30 he broke in his friend flat September 30 he broke in his friend flat and robbed it. While he was doing this and robbed it. While he was doing this crime a 14 years old girl came back home crime a 14 years old girl came back home from school. He killed her by using knife.from school. He killed her by using knife.

On 1992 August 8On 1992 August 8thth A.Novatkis was A.Novatkis was executedexecuted

for a crime he did.for a crime he did.

Vladimiras Ivanovas. From KlaipVladimiras Ivanovas. From Klaipėda. ėda.

On 1992 October 9th he killed On 1992 October 9th he killed women and her women and her daughter who was daughter who was only 4 years old. He killed only 4 years old. He killed women by women by wounding her with knife. After this wounding her with knife. After this he sealed girl’s mouth put her under he sealed girl’s mouth put her under the couch the couch where she chocked.where she chocked.

He was executed on 1993 He was executed on 1993 December 12th.December 12th.

Valentinas Laskys. From Kaunas. Valentinas Laskys. From Kaunas.

Sentenced to death for doing 4 Sentenced to death for doing 4 murders and for about 10 murders and for about 10 robberies. His daughter was robberies. His daughter was accomplice in committingaccomplice in committing all all crimes. From 1991 to 1993 they crimes. From 1991 to 1993 they where most wanted in Lithuania. where most wanted in Lithuania. He was caught in Moldovia.He was caught in Moldovia.

Executed on 1993 December 12th.Executed on 1993 December 12th.

Vidmantas Žibaitis. From Vidmantas Žibaitis. From Panevezys. Panevezys.

He killed 3 people with the view to He killed 3 people with the view to rob them. He did all his crimes in rob them. He did all his crimes in 1992.1992.

Executed on 1994 January 27th.Executed on 1994 January 27th.

Antanas Varnelis. From Antanas Varnelis. From Gelgaudiskis. Gelgaudiskis.

He was the first serial killer in He was the first serial killer in Lithuania. On 1992 he robbed and Lithuania. On 1992 he robbed and killed 6 elderly people. He was killed 6 elderly people. He was caught on 1992 December.caught on 1992 December.

Executed on 1992 September 28th.Executed on 1992 September 28th.

Aleksandras Gutkovas. From Aleksandras Gutkovas. From Siauliai. Sentenced to death for Siauliai. Sentenced to death for killing two old people from his killing two old people from his neighborhood.neighborhood.

Executed on 1995 May 18th. Executed on 1995 May 18th.

Boris DekanidzeBoris Dekanidze. From Vilnius. . From Vilnius.

He was boss of mafia called “Vilnius He was boss of mafia called “Vilnius Brigada”. Brigada”. Convicted of the murderConvicted of the murder of journalist Vitas Lingof journalist Vitas Lingyys organization is organization in October 1993n October 1993. .

Executed on 1995 July 12th.Executed on 1995 July 12th.

He was the last one who was executed He was the last one who was executed by death sentence in Lithuania.by death sentence in Lithuania.

Nowadays death penalty is banned Nowadays death penalty is banned in Lithuania. People who receive in Lithuania. People who receive the death penalty till 1996 are still the death penalty till 1996 are still alive. Their death sentence alive. Their death sentence was changed to imprisonment for was changed to imprisonment for life.life.

Capital punishment in the Republic of China

Capital punishment is a legal form of punishment in the Republic of China.

The main types of execution are a shot in the head or injection.

Offences

Under military law:

Treason; Desertion; Mutiny; Hijacking and ect.

Under civilian law:

Murder; Piracy; Kidnapping; Robbery with

murder and ect.

Execution process The death penalty shall be appointed by the

Supreme Court of the Republic of China but the but the date and time of death provides the Ministry of date and time of death provides the Ministry of Justice;Justice;

Case may be reviewed if anyone has any new Case may be reviewed if anyone has any new evidence or a procedural defect then the death evidence or a procedural defect then the death penalty be postponed;penalty be postponed;

Unfortunately absent from the death penalty be Unfortunately absent from the death penalty be abolished, but there are two known cases in abolished, but there are two known cases in which prisoners were exempt from the death which prisoners were exempt from the death penalty in the 1988penalty in the 1988th.th. and 1991 and 1991st.st., President , President Chiang Kai-shek legal rightChiang Kai-shek legal right;;

Executions are carried out inside the detention centers of the five cities having a High Court: Taipei, Taichung, Taiwan, Kaohsiung and Hualien;

Before the execution prisoners work in various Before the execution prisoners work in various jobs, and half an hour before the execution they jobs, and half an hour before the execution they are allowed to read newspapers, books or prayare allowed to read newspapers, books or pray;;

On the appointed day and time designated by the On the appointed day and time designated by the prisoner confirmed his identity and his last prisoner confirmed his identity and his last recorded words, and then he returned to the recorded words, and then he returned to the chamber for a last meal.chamber for a last meal.

Five minutes before the execution the prisoner Five minutes before the execution the prisoner must be brought to the place and he received must be brought to the place and he received deadly injection, or shot in the head.deadly injection, or shot in the head.

Place of execution

The death penalty should be abolished because:

Death penalty is irreversible Death penalty is irreversible wwhich hich aalways lways iinvolve the nvolve the rrisk of isk of eexecuting the xecuting the iinnocent;nnocent;

Death Death ppenalty enalty ccan an bbe misused by the e misused by the authority as a tool of oppressionauthority as a tool of oppression;;

Death penalty is contradictory to the Death penalty is contradictory to the concept of human rights. concept of human rights.

The death penalty should not be abolished because:

It is cheaper for the government to kill It is cheaper for the government to kill murderers then to keep them in prison;murderers then to keep them in prison;

Executions deter criminals from Executions deter criminals from committing crimes;committing crimes;

Society has a moral right to punish the Society has a moral right to punish the most violent criminals by taking their most violent criminals by taking their lives.lives.

Estimated numbers of executions around the world

(in 2007 and 2008 year chart)

"I came out of the execution chamber dazed, shaken. We had imitated the worst violence I found and put it in a protocol, legalized it, i had killed someone who killed others in an impossible moral contradiction of trying to teach our children that killing is wrong. I came out and all I knew, I must find a way to tell this story so that we can change this in our society and we will do this no more to human beings. "

By sr. Helen Prejean(Apr. 15, 2001)