DAV Chap6 Part1 Jul2009

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IMD20503 -DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO

CHAPTER 6VIDEO RECORDING

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OBJECTIVES

• Copyright issues

• Video tape formats

• Hardware and software considerations

• Shooting techniques



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Copyr ight Issues

• Alternatives for obtaining video to use in multimedia projectswithout the legal hurdles of copyright infringement, or having tohire a full professional team to record for you:

1. Playback video from video laser discs/CDs/DVDs

• Multimedia programs can play back laser discs and also

modify the order in which video clips are viewed.2. Purchase royalty-free video files (clip video)

• A number of companies provide royalty-free video files,which can be incorporated into different components ofyour application. Read the agreement included with theseproducts. Although they are royalty-free, they may not becopyright-free. Many companies spell out in detail how youmay or may not use these files.



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Copyr ight

Issues…cont ’d

3. Record your own video.• This is the surest way to avoid any copyright problems;

however, you must be aware that the location at which youplan to record may have restrictions regarding privacy.Also, be aware that persons appearing in your tape have aright to reject being videotaped, so you must ask first, thenobtain a model’s release from them.

4. You can secure rights releases from people you interview.• If you interview people or use talent to record testimonials,

make sure that you secure releases of the rights to the

narration.• Although not a written law, the general tradition is that one can

reproduce up to 10% of a work within the realm of “Fair Use”,typically for educational, but not commercial, purposes.



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Videotape

• The information recorded on videotape resides on severaltracks, visual frames, audio signals and a time-code signal.

• On a standard broadcast tape, the smallest area is actually thevideo track, with the left and right audio tracks occupying most ofthe space.

• An important component of the videotape is the Time Code track.• The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

(SMPTE) developed a standard known as the SMPTE code toprovide synchronization of all tape components.

• This code measures the tape in hours, minutes, seconds andframes, so the first frame of the active part of a tape will be00H00M00S01F. (00:00:00:01)



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A schematic diagram of an 1” videotape

Videotape



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Videotape

Formats

• Factors in determining the quality of video signal:

– Composite (Consumer), S-video (Prosumer),Component (Professional)

– The number of horizontal lines of resolution that aredisplayed.

• Different video tape formats record and playbackdifferent resolutions.

• It also have different methods of recording the video

signal on the tape.• Different video formats use different size videotapes

ranging in sizes from 8mm to 1 inch.



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Videotape

Formats

• Analog videotape is still around even though it is slowly

being replaced by digital signal.• VHS tape is not going to disappear overnight despite

the DVD technology is growing faster.

• In the professional arena, the industry standardBetacam SP tape format won’t go away soon.

• Many professional have spent a lot of money investingin Betacam SP technology and won’t throw away their

expensive equipments and change to digital format.• Instead, analog and digital videotape format will coexist

in the professional area.



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Videotape

Form at s - Analog

Consumer Prosumer Professional

VHS S-VHS Betacam SP

VHS-C Hi-8

8 mm

Analog Videotape Formats



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Videotape

Form at s - Analog

• Consumer analog tape formats

1. VHS – Video Home System

– ½ inch wide

– 240 horizontal lines of resolution

– Lowest quality videotape format

– VHS video camera tend to be large, heavy andawkward.



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Videotape

Form at s - Analog

DVD / VCR Combo With Divx

VCR player



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Videotape

Form at s - Analog


2. VHS-C – ½ inch wide


– It was designed in a smaller compact form; “C”

– VHS-C was created to allow for smaller, lightervideo cameras.

– Need to use an adapter to play it using regularVHS VCR.



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Videotape

Form at s - Analog

VHS-C Adapter

VHS-C tape



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3. 8 mm(Video 8) – 8 mm wide

– Higher resolution than VHS.

– Used in smaller video cameras.

– Cannot be playback directly in a VCR.

Videotape

Form at s - Analog



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• Prosumer analog tape formats

1. S-VHS – Super-VHS

– ½ inch wide

– 420 horizontal lines of resolution and stereoquality audio.

Videotape

Form at s - Analog

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Videotape

Form at s - Analog

• Prosumer analog tape formats

2. Hi-8 (Analog and Digital) – 8mm wide


– Same quality with S-VHS but it surpasses inaudio quality ( Hi-Fi PCM stereo audio).

– It uses small, light and easy to handle video

camera.

– Cannot be playback directly in a VCR.

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Videotape

Form at s - Analog

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Videotape

Form at s - Analog

• Professional analog tape formats

1. Betacam SP – Developed by Sony and uses ½ inch wide

videotape.

– “SP” Superior Performance – High quality video signal used by broadcast

television stations and video production houses

– Betacam SP cameras, tapes and video decksare expensive.

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Videotape

Form at s - Analog

Betacam SP tape

Betacam VTR

Betacam camera

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Videotape

Form at s - Dig i t a l

• Nowadays, the inexpensive consumer digital videotape

formats rival the picture quality of Betacam SP.• The digital video standard were developed by 10prominent electronics companies; Sony, Panasonic,JVC, Hitachi, Sanyo, Sharp, Mitsubishi, Toshiba,

Philips and Thompson.• They set the standard for 2 types of digital video:

– SD (Standard Definition-SDTV)

– HD (High Definition – HDTV)• The standard DV cassette has 482 horizontal lines of

resolution and can record up to 270 minutes.

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Videotape


Consumer Prosumer Professional

Mini DV DVCAM Betacam SX

Digital 8 DVCPRO Digital SDVCPRO 50

Digital Videotape Formats

Left to right: DVCAM-L, DVCPRO-M, MiniDV

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Videotape


• Consumer digital tape formats

1. Mini-DV – ¼ inch wide tape

– Most consumer electronics manufacturers such

as Sony. JVC, Panasonic and Canon offersdigital video cameras that use Mini-DV format.

– Can record up to 500 horizontal lines of

resolution.

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Videotape


• Consumer digital tape formats

2. Digital-8 – Sony offers digital video cameras that use the

Digital 8 videotape format.

– It can record on analog Hi-8 or 8mm videotape. – It is also capable of playing back both Hi-8 and

8 mm tapes.

– Can record up to 500 horizontal lines ofresolution.

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Videotape


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Videotape


• Prosumer digital tape formats

1. DVCM – ¼ inch wide videotape

– Compatible with standard DV and can be

played back in a standard DV machine.

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I D E O

Videotape


• Prosumer digital tape formats

2. DVCPRO – ¼ inch wide videotape

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Videotape


• Professional digital tape formats

1. Betacam SX – Standard for broadcast video professional

– Same size as Betacam SP using ½ inch tape

format. – Can record up to 124 minutes

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Videotape


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Videotape



2. Digital-S or D-9 – Use ½ inch tape format

– Can record tapes up to 124 minutes on a single

tape. – Digital S is capable of playing back S-VHS tape.

– Physically it look like a standard VHS tape on

the outside, a special mechanism prevents itfrom being accidentally loaded into a VCR.

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Videotape


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Videotape



3. DVCPRO 50 – Use ¼ inch tape format

IMD20503 -DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO



IMD20503 DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO

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DAV Chap6 Part1 Jul2009