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Dario IvicZdravka Sever
Tihomir Mili čević
AN OVERVIEW OF GRAPEVINE ESCA IN CROATIA
IOBC-WPRS Conference of the Working Group on “Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture”
20-23 October 2015, Vienna, Austria
ESCA MONITORING IN CROATIA
2010 – 2015
Reporting and early warning activities
77 wineyards
Esca incidence Number of wineyards
No esca symptoms 10
< 1 % 55
1 – 5 % 4
> 5 % 8
ESCA MONITORING IN CROATIA
77 wineyards
low incidence
moderate incidence
higher incidence
FUNGI ISOLATED FROM ESCA -AFFECTED VINES
58 wood samples
Humid chamber incubation
Morphology, ITS1/ITS4 or TUB region
Species/genera Incidence in wood samples
Botryosphaeriaceae 38
Togninia spp. (Phaeoacremonium spp.)
30
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora 8
FUNGI ISOLATED FROM ESCA -AFFECTED VINES
58 wood samples
*Mostert, L., Groenewald, J.Z., Summerbell, R.C., Gams, W., Crous, P.W. (2006). Taxonomy and pathology of Togninia (Diaporthales) and its Phaeoacremonium anamorphs. Studies in Mycology54, 5-17
FUNGI ISOLATED FROM ESCA -AFFECTED VINES
Togninia spp. ( Phaeoacremonium spp.)*
30 isolates
Species Number of isolates
Togninia fraxinopennsylvanica(Phaeoacremonium mortoniae )
17
Togninia minima(Phaeoacremonium aleophilum )
10
Togninia rubrigena (Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum )
2
Unknown Phaeoacremonium sp. 1
Togninia fraxinopennsylvanica
perithecium
FUNGI ISOLATED FROM ESCA -AFFECTED VINES
Botryosphaeriaceae
High incidence in declining vines with esca symptom s
FUNGI ISOLATED FROM ESCA -AFFECTED VINES
Fomitiporia mediterranea
11 isolates
ESCA MANAGEMENT
Limited control options
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Avoiding planting in areas where freeze damage can occur
Selection of “wine-growing sites”
ESCA MANAGEMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Climate extremes?
2014 – many regions extremely wet ( up to 302 % of multi-annual average )2015 – extremely warm summer ( up to 3.6 °C higher than multi-annual average )
ESCA MANAGEMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Using pathogen-free planting material
ESCA MANAGEMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Using pathogen-free planting material
Possibilities for improvement
Hot water treatment (HWT)*
No requests from grapevine producers
No interests in nurseries
*Waite, H. Morton, L. (2007). Hot water treatment, trunk diseases and other critical factors in the production of high-quality grapevine planting material. Phytopathologia mediterranea 46, 5-17
ESCA MANAGEMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Using pathogen-free planting material
Hot water treatment (HWT)
Will this change the situation?
ESCA MANAGEMENT
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Generally, not yet accepted in practice
ESCA MANAGEMENT
Different claims from the producers
Different observations in the field
Late pruning?
Removal of pruning debris?
Complexity of grapevine trunk diseases
Long-term studies
ESCA MANAGEMENT
Uprooting (sometimes…)
CONCLUSIONS
Esca is commonly present in all Croatian wine-growi ng regions
The impact of the disease is generally low to moder ate
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora , Togninia minima , Togninia fraxinopennsylvanica and Fomitiporia mediterranea are frequently found
in symptomatic wood samples
Poor management of the disease
HWT and biological control could considerably impro ve esca control in Croatia
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Aff airsInstitute for Plant Protection
Rim 98, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
