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7/23/2019 Dan Xuat Halogen Cua Hidrocacbon
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dan-xuat-halogen-cua-hidrocacbon 1/2
NguyÔn ThÕ Hïng
B¶ng hÖ thèng phÇn hîp chÊt Hy®r« - C¸c bonCnH2n 2 - 2! ( n : Sè nguyªn tö C¸c bon , a : Sè liªn kÕt π hoÆc sè vßng)
Lo¹i H - C no H - C kh«ng no H - C th¬m ( Aren )H - C An kan ( Pa ra fn) An ken (Olefn) Anka®ien ( ®i Olefn) AnKin §ång ®¼ng !a "en#en
C«ngth"c
chung
a = 0Cn!n " ! ( n ≥ # )
a = #Cn!n ( n ≥ ! )
a = !Cn!n $ ! ( n ≥ %)
a = !Cn!n $ ! ( n ≥ !)
a = &Cn!n $ ' ( n ≥ ')
#$c®%&'
CÊu t(o
iªn kÕt gia c¸c nguyªn tö
l* nhng l+k -n (σ )
./ong h1n tö c2 # liªn kÕt
3i ( # l+k σ , # l+k π )
./ong h1n tö c2 ! liªn kÕt 3i
( ! l+kπ 4 ! v5 t/6 kh¸c nhau)
./ong h1n tö c2 # liªn kÕt % ( #
l+k σ , ! l+k π 7 ! l+k π t/ªnc8ng # v5 t/6)
9ch vßng ' cnh, c2 l+k-n ;<n l+k 3i
C¸ch®)c t*n
>i th<o sè nguyªn tö C "u3i !n
?>c tªn c¸c @nAan t-ng Bngi u3i !n + ,n (hay yl<n)
" v5 t/6 nèi 3i
?>c tªn c¸c @nAan t-ng Bng ihD 1E n + #% ,n" v5 t/6 nèi c¸c 3i
?>c tªn c¸c @nAan t-ng Bng iu3i !n + %n " v5 t/6 nèi ba
F5 t/6, sè v* tªn gèc @nkyl" bªnG<n
#ngph.n
?Hng h1n Ech C $ ?Hng h1n Ech C$ ?Hng h1n v5 t/6 nèi 3i
$ ?Hng h1n Ech C$ ?Hng h1n v5 t/6 nèi 3i
$ ?Hng h1n Ech C$ ?Hng h1n v5 t/6 nèi ba
$ F5 t/6 gèc ankyl t/ªn vßngI<nG<n
Hîp chÊt
t%*ub%&u
9ª tan C&
H - C - H
H
H
J tan C!&
H - C = C - H
HH
Iutai<n $ #,& C&'
H - C = C - C = C - H
HH HH
J tin (@;<til<n) C!!
H - C = C - H
I<n G<n C''
T/nhchÊt 01
h)c
Sè C# → C& : Ah6Sè CK → C#' : lLngSè C#M → lªn : NOn
Sè C! → C& : Ah6Sè CK → C#' : lLngSè C#M → lªn : NOn
H2C = CH - CH = C H 2 : Kh
H2C = C - CH = C H2
CH3 lLng
Sè C! → C& : Ah6Sè CK → C#' : lLngSè C#M → lªn : NOn
I<nG<n: chPt lLng, kh3ngE*u, nhQ h-n nRc, o+ tan
t/ong nRc
$%nh
Ch&t
H'a
H
#+ 3 thÕ H!0o4,n ( ¸nhs¸ng)Cn!n " !"!→Cn!n " #"ClCn!n " #"!→Cn!n! "Cl777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 ! : Cl! hoÆc I/! khan
!+ T 3 t¸c 56ng b7% nh%Öta $ P¦ hñy → C v* ! (U000)Cn!n " ! → nC " (n " #)!↑
b $ P¦ t¸ch H2 (V< , t0) → Wl<XnCn!n " ! → Cn!n " !↑
c $ P¦ bÎ m¹ch C (C/Ycking)Cn!n " ! →C;!; " ! " Cy!y
; " y = n%+ T 89y h:! ho;n to;n
CnH2n + 2 +3n + 1
2O2 nCO2 + (n + 1)H2O
n!W Z nCW!
n!W $ nCW! = n$ C
;icloankan: * loi $ C no
Ech vßng =Z C. chung:Cn!n (n ≥ % ) .6nh chPt h2a h>c t-ng t[ankan: .¸c \Dng vRi Cl! ,W! 77777 Niªng vRi ;icloankan c2 sè
#+ 3 c<ng hîp (!,!,,!W)Cn!n " ! → Cn!n " ! Cn!n " ! → Cn!n !
Cn!n " → Cn!n " #Cn!n " !W →Cn!n " #W
*$+, m+. nhi .,PhÇn tö mang ®.tÝch©m g¾n vµo C cã s!g."ö H Ýt h#n$ %hÇn tömang ®. tÝch &'( g¾nvµo C !g tö H nh)*+ h#n
CH3- CH= CH2 + HBr
CH3- CHBr- CH3
CH3- CH2- CH2Br
ST ch6nh
ST hD
!+ 3 trïng hîp
nCH = CH
R R '
XT,t0
P
- CH - CH -
R R ' n
%+ 3 89yh:!
a7 P¦ o,yhãa -hng hoµn toµn$ *E EPt E*u \! A9nW& %Cn!n " !A9nW& " &!W →
%Cn !n(W)! "!9nW! "!AW$ C!& b5 o;ih2a nhQ→
#+ 3 c<ng hîp (!,!,, !W)( C¸c T] ^ua ! giai on)
._ ! l+k 3i →# l+k 3i → ch` c2l+k -nCnH2n - 2
+H2
Ni,t0CnH2n
+H2
Ni,t0CnH2n + 2
u : T] 4 g+ # ( t` l # : #)
CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 + Br 2
CH2Br -CHBr - CH = CH2
CH2Br - CH = CH - CH2Br 1,4
1,2
!+ 3 trïng hîp
nCH2 = CH - CH = CH 2
Na nc
1,4 (- CH2- CH= CH- CH2-)n
1,2(- CH2 - CH -)n
CH = CH2
Toli butai<n #,& : .h*nh hnch6nh cda cao su tng he Iuna%+ 3 89yh:!a7 P¦ o,yhãa -hng hoµn toµn$ *E EPt E*u \! A9nW& (@nkai<n b5 o;ihoa → /eu no &chBc)
3CH2 = CH- CH= CH2 + 4KnO4 + !H2O
3CH2OH- CHOH- CHOH- CH2OH + !nO2 + !KOH
= 56 >
b7 P¦ o,yhãa hoµn toµn/ P¦ ch¸y
CnH2n - 2 +3n -1
2O2
nCO2 + (n - 1)H2O
nCW! Z n!W
#+ 3 c<ng hîp (!,!,, !W)( C¸c T] ^ua ! giai on)
._ l+k ba→#l+k 3i→ch` c2l+k-n
CnH2n - 2 + 2H2
Ni,t0CnH2n + 2
Cfng he vR i !
Ahi ;t l* \ → Wl<Xn
CnH2n - 2 + 2X2 CnH2n - 2X4
Cfng he vR i !
Cfng he vR i a;itFis \D : C = CH + HC"
CH2 = CHC"
CH2 = CHC"
CH3 - CHC"2+ HC"
Cfng he vR i !W c2 gSW&, 00c
-
to th*nh @n<hit hoÆc ;<tonC2H2 + H2O CH3CHO
C3H4 + H2O (CH3)2CO
!+ 3 trïng hîp= CH
C#C"$NH4C"CH2 = CH - C = CH2CH
= CH3CH C%H%
C, %000
%+ 3 89yh:!$ 0µm m1t mµ+2th+c t
Ým $ P¦ ch¸y
CnH2n - 2 +3n -1
2O2
nCO2 + (n - 1)H2O
&+ 3 thÕ ?%' 0o(%
@7 T/nh chÊt cA! B,n4,n7#) "3c H/ C no / P¦ th4a7 .hÕ Cl! , I/! khan
C%H% + Br 2& , t0
C%HBr + HBr
b7 .hÕ it/o $ W!
C%H% + HNO3 C%H NO2 + H2OH2O4,Æc
!)"3c H/C -hng no/ C5nga7 Cfng Cl! (as)
C%H% + 3C"2a$*
C%H%C"%
b7 Cfng !
C%H% + 3H2 C%H12
Ni , t0
B Tc c¸c ®ng ®Dng #+ P¦ th6 nh©n
R
+ Br 2&',t0
1:1
R
- Br
Br
R + HBr
R
+ 3Br 2&,t0
1:1
R
- Br
+ 3HBr
Br
Br
t/Ong
7/23/2019 Dan Xuat Halogen Cua Hidrocacbon
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dan-xuat-halogen-cua-hidrocacbon 2/2