viii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN......................................................................... ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. iii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ............. iv

PRAKATA....................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xiii

DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR BAGAN .......................................................................................... xvi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... xvii

INTISARI......................................................................................................... xviii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN........................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian...................................................................... 3

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum............................................................... 3

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus .............................................................. 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian.................................................................... 3

1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis............................................................ 3

1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ............................................................. 3

ix

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.................................................................. 4

2.1. Sifat fisik .................................................................................. 4

2.1.1. Salep ............................................................................. 4

2.1.2. Sifat Fisik Sediaan Salep .............................................. 4

2.1.3. Basis Salep.................................................................... 6

2.1.4. Uji Sifat Fisik Sediaan Salep ........................................ 8

2.2. Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis

L.) ............................................................................................. 10

2.2.1. Teh Hijau ...................................................................... 10

2.2.2. Taksonomi .................................................................... 10

2.2.3. Morfologi Tanaman ...................................................... 11

2.2.4. Kandungan Teh Hijau................................................... 12

2.2.5. Manfaat Teh Hijau........................................................ 13

2.2.6. Fraksi Etil Asetat .......................................................... 14

2.2.7. Etil Asetat ..................................................................... 15

2.3. Hubungan Sifat Fisik dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun

Teh Hijau .................................................................................. 15

2.4. Ekstraksi ................................................................................... 16

2.5. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) ..................... 19

2.6. Kerangka Teori ......................................................................... 20

2.7 Kerangka Konsep ..................................................................... 20

2.8 Hipotesis ................................................................................... 20

x

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 21

3.1. Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian............................... 21

3.2. Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ........................................... 21

3.2.1. Variabel Bebas.............................................................. 21

3.2.2. Variabel Tergantung ..................................................... 21

3.2.3. Definisi Operasional ..................................................... 21

3.3. Populasi dan Sampel................................................................. 22

3.2.1. Populasi ........................................................................ 22

3.2.2. Sampel .......................................................................... 22

3.2.3. Replikasi eksperimen.................................................... 22

3.4. Instrumen dan Bahan Penelitian............................................... 22

3.5. Cara Penelitian.......................................................................... 23

3.5.1. Determinasi Tanaman................................................... 23

3.5.2. Fraksinasi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau

(Camellia sinensis L.) ................................................... 23

3.5.3. Spesifikasi EGCG......................................................... 23

3.5.4. Kondisi KCKT Untuk Penetapan Kadar

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)............................. 24

3.5.5. Formulasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau

(Camellia sinensis L.) ................................................... 24

3.5.6. Pembuatan Salep Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis

L.).................................................................................. 25

xi

3.5.7. Evaluasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau

(Camellia sinensi L.) .................................................... 25

3.6. Tempat dan Waktu ................................................................... 26

3.7. Analisis Hasil............................................................................ 26

3.8. Alur Kerja Penelitian ............................................................... 27

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN............................... 28

4.1. Hasil Penelitian......................................................................... 28

4.1.1. Determinasi Tanaman................................................... 28

4.1.2. Pembuatan Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau 29

4.1.3. Penetapan Kadar Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) 29

4.1.4. Hasil Uji Homogenitas ................................................. 32

4.1.5. Hasil Uji Daya sebar..................................................... 32

4.1.6. Hasil Uji Daya Lekat .................................................... 33

4.1.7. Hasil Uji pH.................................................................. 34

4.1.8. Analisis Data................................................................. 34

4.2. Pembahasan .............................................................................. 37

4.2.1. Determinasi Tumbuhan ................................................ 37

4.2.3. Pembuatan Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau 38

4.2.4. Penetapan Kadar Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) 39

4.2.5. Homogenitas ................................................................. 40

4.2.6. Daya lekat ..................................................................... 41

4.2.7. Daya Sebar.................................................................... 42

4.2.8. Derajat Keasaman (pH) ................................................ 43

xii

4.2.9. Konsentrasi Salep Yang Efektif ................................... 43

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................... 45

5.1. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 45

5.2. Saran ......................................................................................... 45

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 46

xiii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

BPOM : Balai Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan

Depkes RI : Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia

EGCG : Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate

HPLC : High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

PEG : Poli Etilen Glikol

PH : Potential of Hydrogen (Derajat Keasaman)

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Formulasi sediaan salep daun teh hijau ...................................... 24

Tabel 4.1 Kadar Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG).................................. 29

Tabel 4.2 Data Waktu Retensi dan Lebar Alas Puncak Yang Berdekatan

Pada Sampel 1 ............................................................................... 29

Tabel 4.3 Data Waktu Retensi dan Lebar Alas Puncak Yang Berdekatan

Pada Sampel 2 ............................................................................... 30

Tabel 4.4 Hasil Uji Presisi (%RSD).............................................................. 31

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Rata-Rata Perolehan Kembali (% Recovery) ...................... 31

Tabel 4.6 Hasil Uji Homogenitas .................................................................. 32

Tabel 4.7 Nilai Rata–Rata Hasil Uji Daya Sebar (cm2) ................................ 33

Tabel 4.8 Nilai Rata–Rata Hasil Uji Daya Lekat (detik) .............................. 33

Tabel 4.9 Nilai Rata–Rata Hasil Uji pH........................................................ 34

Tabel 4.10 Uji Normalitas Daya Lekat ........................................................... 34

Tabel 4.11 Uji Homogenitas Daya Lekat........................................................ 35

Tabel 4.12 Uji Kruskal Wallis Daya Lekat ..................................................... 35

Tabel 4.13 Uji Normalitas Daya Sebar ........................................................... 36

Tabel 4.14 Uji Normalitas Daya Sebar ........................................................... 36

Tabel 4.15 Uji Kruskal Wallis Daya Sebar ..................................................... 36

Tabel 4.16 Analisa Data pH ............................................................................ 37

xv

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Daun Camellia sinensis L............................................................. 11

Gambar 2.2 Struktur senyawa Katekin ............................................................ 13

Gambar 4.1 Kurva Kalibrasi (Konsentrasi Vs Luas Area) .............................. 30

xvi

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 2.1 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................... 20

Bagan 2.2 Kerangka Konsep............................................................................ 20

Bagan 3.1 Alur Kerja Penelitian ...................................................................... 27

xvii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Surat Keterangan Bebas Laboratorium .................................... 49

Lampiran 2. Ethical Cleareance .................................................................... 50

Lampiran 3. Determinasi Tanaman............................................................... 51

Lampiran 4. Hasil Uji Kadar Air .................................................................. 52

Lampiran 5. Hasil Uji Penetapan Kadar EGCG ........................................... 53

Lampiran 6 Hasil Uji Metode Validasi ........................................................ 54

Lampiran 7. Hasil Kromatogram EGCG Sampel 1 ...................................... 55

Lampiran 8. Hasil Kromatogram EGCG Sampel 2 ...................................... 56

Lampiran 9. Perhitungan Selektivitas Penetapan Kadar EGCG................... 57

Lampiran 10. Perhitungan linearitas ............................................................... 58

Lampiran 11. Tabel LOD dan LOQ............................................................... 59

Lampiran 12. Perhitungan LOD dan LOQ..................................................... 60

Lampiran 13. Tabel Hasil Presisi dan Akurasi ............................................... 61

Lampiran 14. Perhitungan Presisi dan Akurasi............................................... 62

Lampiran 15. Analisa Data Uji Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau

Sediaan Salep............................................................................ 64

Lampiran 16. Dokumentasi penelitian ............................................................ 75