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CROATIAN PERSPECTIVE AND REGIONAL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA

DRAZEN ZGALJIC

INTERMODAL TRANSPORT CLUSTER, CROATIA

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CONTENT

Terminology

Examples for understanding the terminology

System elements

Criteria for the sustainable service implementation

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CHARACTERISTICS• Regularity,

• Frequency,

• Reliability,

• High Quality,

• Integration into door-to-door logistic chain.

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SUCCESS CRITERIA OF SSS/MOS• Price – Cost of maritime transport combined with road transport from origin

to destination must be competitive in comparison to road „door-to-door” services without the usage of maritime transport.

• Departure/Arrival Schedule – exact times of departure and arrival must be defined and announced.

• Reliability – departures and arrivals must be reliable as defined and announced. No deviations are allowed regardless of the reason, including adverse weather conditions.

• Transit time – maritime transit time combined with a road transport „door-to-door” service must be similar to the road transport transit time of the same service.

• Port efficiency – port efficiency is reflected in the speed of loading or unloading, high level of security, avoiding bureaucracy, low costs, 24-hour working time and good connections with the inland modes of transportation.

• Ship courtesy (commodity) – with RO-RO technologies, truck drivers require commodity in terms of cabins with a bathroom and restaurants which are included in the price.

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SERVICE ELEMENTS

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INFRASTRUCTURE CRITERIA

Infrastructure criteria with sub-criteria: • Group of sub-criteria, port availability with sub-criteria:

• direct connection with the railway infrastructure,• direct connection to the motorway network,• safety factor on the railway infrastructure,• maintenance of railway infrastructure• maintenance of road infrastructure,• railway infrastructure capacity,• road infrastructure capacity;

• Group of sub-criteria for infrastructure and activities on the land side of the terminal and sub-criteria:

• condition and capacity of the road infrastructure for external vehicles,• condition and capacity of the road infrastructure for internal vehicles,• capacity of parking spaces,• existence Terminal Operating System,• port equipment for handling of containers and vehicles;

• Group of infrastructure sub-criteria and activities on the seaside of the terminal:• sea depth,• priority at ship acceptance in regular service,• exemption for the use of pilots,• exemption for the use of tugs;

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CRITERIA FOR INTERACTION WITH VARIOUS TRANSPORT MODES

Criteria for interaction with various transport modes with sub-criteria:

• Group of sub-criteria of interactions with ship services:• Number of SSS services,• Number of regular shipping branch offices;

• Group of sub-criteria of interactions with railway transport: • Number of block train services,• Number of operators in the country;

• Interaction with road transport;

• Group of sub-criteria for information and document exchange:• Existence of port communication service,• Exsitence of priority status;

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ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL CRITERIA

Administrative and political criteria with sub-criteria:

• Service promotion system,

• Service information support,

• Systematic identification of service bottlenecks,

• Service quality management system,

• Group of sub-criteria of common port system management• Complexity of organization and work functioning,• Advantage of increased capacity;

• Political decision.

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MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS

Scenario

Criteria

Value of each criteria

Multi-criteria analysis

Results/conclusions

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MCA – SCENARIO 1

Scenario based on independent ports model:

• Rijeka,

• Zadar,

• Šibenik,

• Split,

• Ploče i

• Dubrovnik.

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MCA – SCENARIO 2

Scenario based on nationally grouped ports:

• Port of Rijeka as a separate unit,

• Ports of Central Dalmatian, Zadar, Šibenik i Split,

• Ports of South Dalmatia, Ploče i Dubrovnik.

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MCA – SCENARIO 3

Scenario based on regionally grouped ports:

• North Adriatic Ports Venice, Trieste, Kopar and Rijeka,

• Central Dalmatian ports Zadar, Šibenik i Split, i

• South Dalmatian ports Ploče i Dubrovnik.

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MCA – SCENARIO 4

Scenario based on the single port model – port of Rijeka:

• Rijeka as a nationally prioritised port for the Motorways of the Sea services

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MCA – SCENARIO 5

Scenario based on the two ports model - Rijeka i Ploče:

• Ports of Rijeka and Ploče are equally developed and have the same status for the container and RO-RO transport.

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MCA – SCENARIO 6

Scenario based on the „simple ports“ model:

• Theoretically set port of Zadar as the port that functions by the „simple ports” model on the territory of the new container and RO-RO port in Gaženica.

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KRITERIJ

Sub-criteria SCENARIO

Puni

naziv

Mark Full titleMeasure unit

1 2 3 4 5 6

Infrastructural

PK1-1Direct connection to railway infrastructure

score 5 5,89 5,89 10 8 10

PK1-2Direct connection to highway network

score 6,17 6,83 6,83 10 8,5 10

PK1-3Safety factor on the railway infrastructure

score 4 4,67 4,67 8 6 8

PK1-4Safety factor on the road infrastructure

score 5,5 5,94 5,94 8 7,5 8

PK1-5Maintenance of a railway infrastructure

score 4,33 4,94 5,11 8 6,5 8

PK1-6Maintenance of a road infrastructure

score 7 7,22 7,22 9 8,5 9

PK1-7 Railway infrastructure capacity score 2,67 3,28 3,69 6 4,5 6

PK1-8 Road infrastructure capacity score 5,17 6,06 5,64 10 8 10

PK1-9State and capacity of the road infrastructure for external vehicles

score 5,17 5,33 5,58 6 6 8

PK1-10State and capacity of the road infrastructure for internal vehicles

score 5,5 6 6 8 8 8

PK1-11 Capacity of a parking space score 5,17 4,72 5,64 3 5,5 8

PK1-12Existence of a Terminal Operating System

score 2,5 4 4 10 5,5 10

PK1-13Port equipment for container and vehicle handling

score 3,67 4,94 4,94 9 6 8

PK1-14 Sea depth number 13,8 13,8 17,7 11,6 13,8 13,8

PK1-15Priority with ship acceptance in a regular service

score 5 5 5 5 5 8

PK1-16 Exceptions with pilot usage score 5 5 5 5 5 5

PK1-17 Exceptions with tug usage score 3,5 4,32 3,66 8 5,5 3

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Interactio

n with vario

us transport modes

PK2-1Number of SSS services

Number 9 9 52 6 7 6

PK2-2No. of constant shipping branch offices

Number 4 4 27 3 4 2

PK2-3No. of block train services

Number 1 1 37 1 1 1

PK2-4No. of constant operators in the country

Number 1 1 8 1 1 1

PK2-5Interaction with the road transport

Score 0 0 2 0 0 0

PK2-6Existence of a port communication service

Score 1,17 1,7 1,42 1 1,5 2

PK2-7Existence of the prioritising status

Score 1 1 1 1 1 2

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Administrative and

political

criteria

PK3-1Promotion service system

Score 1 1 1,42 1 1 3

PK3-2Information support service

Score 5,83 6,17 6,42 7 7,4 8

PK3-3Systematic identification of bottlenecks

Score 1,13 2,17 2,42 2 3 2

PK3-4Service quality management system

Score 2 2,3 1,67 3 2 3

PK3-5Complexity of organization and work functioning

Score 1 2,11 3,33 1 2 1

PK3-6Advantage of an increased capacity

Score 4,83 4,66 3,44 4 4,5 4

PK3-7 Political decision Score 5 8 7 10 9 10

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VALUE OF EACH CRITERIAIdentified scenarios are analysed on several different combinations and levels of difficulty of criteria and sub-criteria. Ranking is performed including:

• Only infrastructure criteria,

• Only interaction criteria with different modes of transport,

• Only administrative and political criteria,

• Simultaneous influences of infrastructure and interaction criteria with different modes of transport,

• Simultaneous influences of infrastructure, administrative and political criteria,

• Simultaneous influences of administrative and political as well as interaction criteria with different modes of transport and

• Simultaneous influences of administrative and political, infrastructure and interaction criteria with different modes of transport.

Criteria meaning in combination DifficultyCriteria is not considered 0Low criteria difficulty 1Medium criteria difficulty 2High criteria difficulty 3

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RESULTS  SCENARIOS

Independent ports model

Nationally grouped ports model

Regionally grouped ports model

One port model

Two ports model

Simple ports model

Criteria

influences

Infrastructure criteria 6 5 4 2 3 1

Interaction with different modes of transport criteria 4 2 1 6 3 5

Administrative and political criteria 6 4 5 3 2 1

Simultaneous influences of infrastructure and interaction criteria with different modes of transport

6 5 3 4 2 1

Simultaneous influences of infrastructure, administrative and political criteria

6 5 4 2 3 1

Simultaneous influences of administrative and political as well as interaction criteria with different modes of transport

6 3 1 5 4 2

Simultaneous influences of administrative and political, infrastructure and interaction criteria with different modes of transport 6 5 4 3 2 1

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CONCLUSIONS• Current model of the Croatian transport and port system

functioning is completely inappropriate for the development and implementation of a sustainable Motorways of the Sea system and it is the worst solution in relation to all identified models.

• Optimal solution would be development of a single port and a gravity transport infrastructure according to the „simple ports” model.

• In case the Republic of Croatia decided to ignore development of the Motorways of the Sea and in case its development is left to transport operators, ideal model would be regionally grouped ports model. This model considers coordination and a joint work of port systems in several countries, and objectively, except in the case of the same owners, functioning of common port systems is hard to implement.

• In case the Republic of Croatia decided to actively participate in the development of the sustainable Motorways of the Sea system, individually or in coordination with transport operators, two ports system is optimal. This model presumes specialisation and preferance of these two ports, by focusing infrastructure investments into these ports while other ports consciouslly focus on development of other types of freight and private investments.

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Thank you for your attention!